He aha te mea he dissident? Ko te kaupapa dissident i roto i te USSR

I roto i nga ra o te Soviet Union kore ko te taupori katoa ko kāwanatanga tika nāianei. Dissidents huaina iwi kihai nei i tautoko i te whakaaro tōrangapū o ētahi atu, me te kāwanatanga Soviet. Ko ratou hoariri te kahui ka o Communism, me te painga tukinotia katoa e te hopoia pa nei. I roto i tahuri, i te kāwanatanga o te Soviet Union kihai i taea e te tau'a ore i te dissidents. whakaaturia nuitia dissidents Soviet tona mata tōrangapū o te tirohanga. I te tahi taime e ngā ratou ki te katoa whakahaere raro. I roto i tahuri, i te mana whakatoia dissidents i te ture.

"Dissidents Tōrangapū"

i tino araia dissidents Soviet. Tangata e tukinotia ana ratou, taea ngāwari tonoa he hono ki, a ētahi wā noa kopere. Heoi, roa te dissidents raro anake tae noa ki te mutunga o te 50s. Mai 1960 me tae noa ki 1980, te kaupapa dissident i te painga nui i runga i te atamira tūmatanui. Ko te wā "dissident tōrangapū" hoatu te kāwanatanga he rota o te he. E kore te mea poitirere tenei, mai e ratou ki te iwi whānui o ratou whakaaro tata i roto i te tuwhera.

I roto i te waenganui-1960 e he "dissident" i mohiotia kua ngā nga tangata, a kahore te USSR anake engari ki waho ano hoki. wehea Dissidents mātārere, reta ngaro, me te tuwhera ki kamupene maha, i roto i ngā nūpepa, me te ara i roto i ngā kōti kāwanatanga. hoki tamata ratou tae noa ki taea, ka tonoa fliers ki whakapuaki ratou oraraa ki ētahi atu whenua o te ao.

huru o te kāwanatanga ki dissidents

Na he aha te mea he "dissident", me te wahi e puta tenei wā? tomo te reira i ki te whakamahi i roto i te timatanga o te 60 ki te kōrero ki nekehanga anti-kāwanatanga. Hoki maha whakamahia te wā "dissident tōrangapū", engari te tīmatanga i whakamahia ai i roto i ētahi atu whenua. Neke atu i te wa i timata dissidents ratou i roto i te Soviet Union ki te karanga ratou.

I te tahi taime, uru te kāwanatanga dissidents kaimahi kino tūturu wāhi i roto i mahi kaiwhakatuma pērā i te poma i Moscow i te tau 77th. Heoi, kihai i te take tenei. Ka rite ki tetahi whakahaere, he dissidents ratou tikanga, ka taea e tatou te mea i te ture. Ka taea e koe te tīpako i te nui tino o ratou: "E kore e whakamahi i te tutu," "mahi publicity", "Parenga o tika tangata taketake me nga rangatiratanga" me "Tautukunga ki Ture".

Ko te mahi matua o te kaupapa dissident

Ko te whāinga matua o te dissidents ko ki whakamōhio te tangata hei e te pūnaha hapori kua tawhitotia, me te whakakapi i te paerewa me haere mai i te ao uru. Ratou mahi i mahi ratou i roto i ngā puka, engari maha ko reira te whakaputanga o te tuhinga me te mātārere. Dissidents ētahi wā kohia i roto i ngā rōpū, me te whakaaturanga whakahaere.

He aha te mea he "dissident" i mohiotia kua ngā katoa i runga i te ao, a anake i roto i te Soviet Union i aifaito ratou ki kohuru. maha e kore huaina ratou dissidents, engari noa "anti-Soviet" me "āhuatanga anti-Soviet". I roto i te meka, he maha dissidents taua ara ahau, a maha tuku ki a whakarerea e te whakamāramatanga o "dissident".

Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Ko tētahi o nga mema o tino kaha o tenei kaupapa ko Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. whanau te dissident i roto i 1918. ko Aleksandr Isaevich i te hapori o dissidents mo neke atu i te kotahi tekau tau. Ko ia tetahi o nga hoariri tino waiata o te pūnaha Soviet me te mana Soviet. Ka taea e tatou te mea, Solzhenitsyn ko tetahi o nga instigators o te kaupapa dissident.

dissident mutunga

I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka haere ia ki te mua, a ka whakatairangatia ana ki te paetukutuku o te rangatira. Heoi, i kore whakapai ia o tokomaha o nga mahi o Stalin. Ahakoa i roto i te whawhai, arahina e ia i te aparauraa ki te hoa, e pakeke whakahē Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Mahi koe i te dissident i roto i ngā tuhinga rēhitatia pepa i roto i i whakaritea e ia tikanga o Stalin ki serfdom. E ai ki te tuhinga i te kaimahi hiahia "Smersh". I muri timata i tenei tūhuratanga rite ki te hua o nei i hopukina Solzhenitsyn. I tangohia e ia o te ana'iraa o te rangatira, a ka na'e tautea ia i roto i te mutunga o 1945.

I te pae hopea, pau tata 8 tau Aleksandr Isaevich. I roto i te 1953, ka tukua ia. Heoi, ara i muri i te mutunga kihai i puta ke ia tona whakaaro me te huru ki te tikanga Soviet. Te nuinga pea, anake i whakaae Solzhenitsyn e dissidents i te iwi Soviet Union i te wa pakeke.

Fakamasiva o te tika ki te tānga ture

Kua whakaputaina Aleksandr Isaevich maha tuhinga, me te mahi i runga i te tikanga Soviet. Heoi, ki te haerenga mai o Brezhnev, i tangohia e ia o te tika ki te whakaputanga ture o ona pūkete. I muri mai, raupatutia te KGB Solzhenitsyn ana tuhinga katoa, i roto whakatö anti-Soviet, engari ara i muri e kore i haere Solzhenitsyn ki te mutu ratou mahi. Ka whai wāhi ia i roto i nekehanga pāpori, me te mahi. i tamata Aleksandr Isaevich ki te kawe i ki katoa te mea i te "dissident". I roto i te hononga ki enei ngā, ka anga te kāwanatanga Soviet ki te kite Solzhenitsyn rite te hoariri nui o te kāwanatanga.

I muri kua oti ngā pukapuka a Alexander tukua i roto i te United States i waho tona whakaaetanga, i peia ia i Society te Soviet Writers '. Solzhenitsyn ki tūturu mōhiohio whawhai i roto i te Soviet Union i tuku. kaupapa Anti-Soviet i roto i te USSR kore e rite atu me te ake mana. Ko te kupu, i roto i te pokapū o-1970 i runga i te poari i te Komiti Central CPSU i tukuna te pātai o ngā mahi a Solzhenitsyn. Na roto i te mutunga o te Congress, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hopu ia ia. I muri iho, Pepuere 12 1974 te tau i hopukina Solzhenitsyn me tangohia o tona tangata whenua Soviet, a muri i peia ia i te USSR i Germany. fakafo'ituitui ka mau a KGB katipa ia i te waka rererangi. E rua ra i muri mai, whakaputaina he ture i raupatu me te whakangaromanga o nga tuhinga katoa, tuhinga, me tetahi tuhinga anti-Soviet. te mau ohipa ā-katoa o te Soviet Union kua inaianei kua whakarōpūtia rite "ngaro."