Tomokanga - māngai o ngā rōpū awe mema Pāremata i roto i te whakatau pai ki te hunga ture rōpū. tomokanga Tōrangapū i roto i Russia

A, no te ki te tangata i te tawhiti te mātakitaki i te mahi-ture, matau mea kei te tupu i roto i te Paremete he āhua uaua. E hoatu ana te whakarongo rongoā, ētahi wā haere tahi e te arotake hoa. Ko te meka e he pūmau, tonu nga māngai o ngā rōpū awe mema Pāremata, e noho whawhai tōkeke i roto i te taunoa. Kia kite a pehea me aha tupu tenei. I te wa ano e kitea tatou i roto i te mea ko te tomokanga tōrangapū.

whakamāramatanga

he tikanga Tetahi ariā pūtaiao ki te timata ako ki te whakatakotoranga o tona tikanga. E ai ki te papakupu, ka karanga nga māngai o ngā rōpū awe mema Pāremata kupu ataahua ke "tomokanga". Ko te tikanga o to ratou mahi, ko te ki te whakarato i te pēhanga Anga i runga i te mana. Ēnei iwi te utu i te rōpū o kaipakihi. whakaturia ratou he ūnga. Ko te reira, na te mahi e ratou i roto i, te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ture whakaaetia. Me tonu kia tuhia e kī kore katoa kaupapa here tomokanga te mōhiohio. Ko reira te mea nui ake iti iho ranei nga wahi katoa. Ko te taputapu pai hoki te huri i te aronga o te taipitopito o te ture i roto i ona ake ngākau nuitanga. Ko te tauira i konei. Hypothetically kaihanga o penehīni he painga ki te whakapiki ake i te hoko o waka takitahi. Ko te hunga e mahi mo te wahie tukua anake. Ko ratou hua'tu kore e rite te whanaketanga o te pūngao kē, tae atu i te tuku o motors hiko. Otiia e kore e he hapori i roto i te wahi (i roto i tetahi whenua). He he momo o whakaaro, e rapu iwi ki te kawe mai ratou ki te hanga me te pai. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te marietia te parekura, to tatou tycoons penehīni i ki te hoatu te pēhanga ki runga ki te Paremete ki te ārai i te pūtea o ngā hōtaka pūngao kē. Ki te mahi i tenei, e hiahia ana ratou tohunga. Tenei e huaina ratou matatini faaiteraa "māngai o te ngā rōpū e whai pānga i runga i nga mema."

Ko te ahua o te tomokanga i roto i tōrangapū

Me kï reira e whakaaro tenei momo o te mahi i roto i Amerika. Ko te hua o tenei ōhanga ohaoha tenei. I roto i te Hau Amui no Marite whakatuwheratia pokapū motuhake me tari whai wāhi i roto i te āna. mahi ratou corporations nui, me te iti, kia e kua māngai ratou ngākau nuitanga i roto i Congress. Tino maha, tei te reira i runga i te ture o nga umanga pai whenua. Ki te kite koe i te translation o te kupu "āna", te reira auraa mau "tomokanga." Nō reira, whakaahua ana te reira i te hoapā whaiaro ki ngā mema o te (atu iwi whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga-whakatau kaupapa) i roto i te tikanga ki te taui i to ratou whakaaro i roto i te aronga tika. Ki tenei mutunga, e whakamahia ngā tikanga tōrangapū. Kei te whakamahia tata tonu tōrangapū Lobby. Otiia i roto i te manapori underdeveloped ko reira mahi ture. Kia mahara ki te Soviet Union. He te hoki hinonga nui rawa whawhai kau taki mo whakahau kāwanatanga me ētahi atu manakohanga i te pūtea. Heoi, i roto i te mara hanganga ture kihai i te tīariari i taua ariā.

momo tomokanga

Ngohe o tohunga e e taea ki te huri i te mau faaotiraa e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga o te ora, e kore e tika i roto i te ōhanga. Na reira, ua faaoti te reira ki te wawahi i te mahi i roto i te mara. Na, kōrero e pā ana ki te tomokanga, te wahi e tika ana:

• kōkiri i te ngākau nuitanga o etahi rōpū i roto i ngā hanganga mana;
• ki te hoatu te pēhanga ki runga i te hunga e hanga faaotiraa kāwanatanga, me te tirohanga ki tetahi whakahaere, tangata, kaupapa.

I tua atu, ngā tenei ariā i roto i te hanganga o te pūnaha o tōrangapū whanaunga i roto i te hapori. kia tapiritia reira e kore e haere tonu te māngai o ngā rōpū awe mema Pāremata e te tikanga tika. Ko te kahore ngaro, ka taea e te akoranga haere utu, ratonga kōrero whaiaro manakohanga ranei. Otira kei te whakawhanake hapori i roto i te ahunga o te whakamahi tika o te āna. Ki te vai te āhuatanga tautika, he aha whawhai ai?

tikanga pēhanga

Ka whakaaro tatou anake aua momo o mahi lobbyists kore e e tutuku ki te ture. E rave rahi o ratou. Kia tīmata a ki te meka e te kawana - he pōti pou. Nā tēnei, hoki taua tangata he mea nui ki te whakaaro tūmatanui. MP tika arotahi i runga i o ratou kaipōti. Tenei pai e whakamahia ana e te lobbyists. karanga ratou ki nga mana i runga i mo o te tangata. Hoki tenei whakaaro, kia rite ki te tikanga, rite reira he tuhinga motuhake. I tua atu, ka taea ki te whakarite tono papatipu ki te Pāremata i te kaipōti. Ko te, mahi whai pūtake whakaritea tenei. Ki te kore e hoatu hua kitea he tikanga taua, haere atu nga lobbyists. whakarite ratou amuamu papatipu o tangata ki te hanga i ō rātou whakaritenga. Hei tauira, i matou na e rave rahi mau taime i roto i te Ukraine. I tonoa e te papatipu whakamahi pepeha rongonui. Na nga hua o tenei mahi oaoa e te hunga e "karanga te rangi." Kei te maha whakamahia te tomokanga whai wāhitanga pāpāho. Whakahau pukapuka motuhake, tuhinga, me te tuku.

Lobby i roto i Russia

Kei te whakapono te reira i e i roto i Russia tenei ahua o te mahi ko te pāpori i roto i te huru. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te whakataki ki te hapori o te mau parau tumu manapori, ki te kukume te iwi ki te whakatau o nga raruraru kāwanatanga. He mea nui i roto i tenei whakaaro, ki te tohatoha mōhiohio lobbyists mahi. Ko tenei hoki Russia he āhuatanga hou. I muri i te katoa, i te aroaro o faaotiraa e hanga "i muri tatau kati". Na e ngā lobbyists ki te tangata noa, whakamōhio ratou e pā ana ki te raruraru, me te taea rongoā. faarahi tenei te taumata o democratization o te hapori.

mahi āna

Hoki te hapori, he mea nui ki te tango i tenei momo o te mahi. Ki te waiho tatou peka tona taha kino, kitea tatou i reira e he rota o ngā mōhiohio whai hua. I muri i āna whakahaere ruruku o ngā ngākau nuitanga o ngā rōpū. tautooraa Hohe ki whakahaeretia "pana" etahi whakatau nuitia, hanga whakautu pāpori, takoha ki taurite te hiahia me ngā whakaritenga o e rua kiritaki me te iwi whānui. I muri, whakataunga tōrangapū katoa - he tukanga ora. Ko te atu kaiuru i roto i reira, te atu ka waiho i te hua tautaha. I tua atu, lobbyists tika hāngai ki te iteraa i te iwi o ratou motika ture. Taunekeneke ki a ratou, whai wāhi te iwi i roto i te ora pāpori o te kāwanatanga.

Tāwharau i rite te taputapu

Tika whakamahia, whai wāhi tenei tukanga ki te hanga o ake me pauna i roto i te hapori. Ko te tangata kaha atu wāhi i roto i reira, te āna ake whai hua mo te kāwanatanga. tauturu feongoongoi whakaaro reira ka hanga ngākau nuitanga tika o ngā whenei o te taupori. I muri i te katoa, he ratou ake whāinga me ngā whāinga katoa. I te tahi taime e ratou i roto i te pakanga. tirohanga me ngā whakaaro Public, me whānui tahu taea maeneene mea, ki te whakawhanake i te aronga whanaketanga whaitake. I tua atu, tāwharau i me mahi te whāinga kōaro. e te reira i te pēhanga ki runga ki nga rangatira, me kawana, hanga nga tikanga i raro i nei i te mana whakatinana i te parau tumu o te mārama me te kawenga takohanga ki te iwi.

hapehape

Kia aroha mai, i roto i te whenua maha tino āwangawanga ki te lobbyists imushchestvenno - pūāhua ture. tukua atu ratou ki te whakatairanga i te whakaaro e pā ana ki te tohatoha o puna pūtea o moni, taonga, ngā rauemi māori, hopukia, manakohanga me te ake. Kei te uaua taua mahi i hanga tūmatanui. Ko paves te ara mo te tipu o te pirau. I te tahi taime tāwharau i te pā ana ki faaiteraa o te kino pāpori. he tika ki te kore ōritenga i roto i te taumata o te whakaea kiritaki tenei. Whakaae, E atu whai wāhitanga atu i te tangata toharite pakihi. mahi Ture o te Pāremata e hāngai ana i tae atu i roto i reira ki te horoi Institute o tāwharau i i te mau hapa, e hanga ai te taputapu pai hoki te iwi whānui. Na te mea e tupu, ka kite tatou!