He aha te mea he motokā ranu? Ko te waka ranu tino pai

E āta engari he pono waka ranu tonu ki te whawhai mō te tūranga i roto i te mākete automotive ao. Ko te rongonui aranga o taua tauira, me te hanga whai wāhi āhuatanga tino whāinga - tamau maranga utu mō te wahie diesel me te penehīni, te whakataki o ngā whakaritenga atu pākaha mō te mahi me te utu-huatanga o paerewa taiao hou mō engines.

Vehicles ranu: He aha te mea te reira?

"Ranu" i roto i te Latin - ahanoa whiwhi rite ki te hua o te whakakotahi i nga āhuatanga o te take mai heterogeneous. I roto i te ao o te hangarau automotive i roto i tenei ariā ngā te huinga o rua ngā momo o powertrains. Ko reira e pā ana ki te pūkaha ā ngingiha (tio) me te pūkaha hiko (kē - pūkaha, he rangi kōpeke). I roto i tenei motokā hou kaiwhakanao hoatu matua ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao maramarama.

E rua ngā momo o ngā tipu te mana o hybrids automotive - tonu (hybrids tonu) me Kōmāmā (hybrids ngawari). Ko te kōwhiringa tuatahi ngā taputapu i te kaha motokā pūkaha hiko, tōtika takirua ki te pūkaha ngingiha ā-me he taea ki te whakarato i te kaupapa o te mīhini i te tere iti. homai te putanga lite o te pūkaha hiko kei te anake te tūranga tautoko.

He haerenga poto ki hītori

ka haere mai nga waka hanga kākano tuatahi "Toyota" (Toyota in liftback) atu te aho whakaminenga fatata e rua tekau tau ki muri, i roto i te 1997. E rua tau i muri mai, "Honda" Kua whakaurua te tauira Insight, a i muri i te i kua piri nga kaihanga Japanese Pākehā, me te Amerika roroa aunoa - "Ford", "Audi", "Volvo", "BMW". Na roto i te 2014, te maha o ngā hybrids hokona kaipuke whiti te taumata e whitu te milioniraa.

Otiia e kore e whakaaro e te pūkaha ngingiha ā-me te pūkaha hiko i roto i te rua roaa anake i te mutunga o te rau tau XX. Matamua i roto i avtogibridov i roto i to tatou matauranga o nāianei ko te Lohner-Porshe sempre Vivus - car hangaia e te kaihoahoa rongonui Austria Ferdinand hoki i roto i 1900 Porsche.

Kaupapa o te toko ranu

whakarara

Hoki waka i roto i i whakatinana te ara iahiko whakarara te, ko reira he pūkaha ārahi o pātīmata ā-. Mano pūkaha hiko whai wāhi tautoko, tae atu i roto i te whakaterenga braking ranei, pūngao whakaora me rakau. whakaratohia te ōritetanga o te pūkaha ngingiha ā-me te pūkaha hiko e te pūnaha mana rorohiko.

ōrite

Ko te hoahoa māmā o te waka ranu. hāngai Ko tōna parau tumu o te mahi i runga i te tuku o te taipana i te ā-generator pūkaha parariraa, Ka mahia hiko, me te utu i te pākahiko. whakaratohia Machine motini e te tereina mana hiko.

whakauru

Kōwhiringa iteraa tukutahi o raupapa me iahiko whakarara. Te neke i te wahi me te neke i kīia e iti, whakamahi te motokā te pamu hiko, me whakarato te pūkaha ngingiha ā-te generator. Traffic i runga i te tere tiketike puta tika ki te tuku o te taipana i te ngingiha pūkaha ā-ki te wira puku. I roto i te aroaro o pikaunga tiketike homai e te mana mau pŭpŭ tauturu hiko i runga i te pākahiko. tutuki te pāhekoheko o te pūkaha hiko me te pūkaha ngingiha ā e te taputapu planetary.

painga

He motokā ranu fakatahai nga painga o te pūkaha hiko me te mīhini ki te pūkaha. Painga o te nekeneke - taipana āhuatanga tino rite te parariraa pūkaha ā-- he wahie wai, me te puna pūngao watea. Ko te aratau tuatahi whai hua o tūnga auau me tīmata, te whui pa angamaheni, te tuarua - i runga i te tere tamau. painga mâro-o tenei taupiri:

• te kakama (mo te oma ano o te kohi wahie ranu 20-25% raro atu i roto i te tauira puāwaitanga);
• rahui mana nui;
• kaiao (nui iti o kino pira ki te huru i roto i kohi wahie kouma);
• kākahu wahia papa iti (whakaratohia i roto i braking whakaora);
• pai ake rere tohu mahi;
• te kaha ki te whakaora me te re-whakamahi pūngao (rokiroki he pūhiko me ngā pūnga motuhake).

hapehape

• utu High, e tika ana ki te matatini o te hoahoa o te tipu te mana.
• Utu waka hanga kākano me nga raruraru ki te tikanga o ngā pākahiko.
• taimaha āhua nui.
• Pūhiko susceptibility ki rere-whaiaro.

He aha te mahi rangatira motokā?

inapō Car katoa i runga i te ao ki te kaha faaite i to ratou wheako o te wikitoria i te ara, me mau faaiteraa o te mihini i te tātari i te pai me ngā raruraru tauira waia o ratou. kihai ianei noho kahore whakarongo me te ranu cars. Reviews o ratou rātou rangatira pukorero whakaatu ki te tika o enei mihini me te taea o tino penapena o te pūtea te whānau, haere hoki te hoko o te wahie. Ko te tino nui mo te hunga e rite haerenga roa te painga whakamutunga. I roto i te āhuatanga i reira ko te utu nui tiaki o hybrids me te kino i roto i rite ki waka matarohia, cornering pūmautanga.

Runga i te tauira pai

Toyota in ( "Toyota in")

Pionie whānau hybrids, rite rawa ki e rua motors hiko (te mana o te 42 Kw me te 60 Kw), i roto i ngā ki te ngingiha pūkaha ā o 1.8 rita (kaha 98 l. C.). tere mōrahi - 180 km / h. Ngā mihi ki te utu utu, me te ōhanga wahie rawa, Toyota in hoki nga tau maha, ko te rangatira i roto i ngā o hoko i roto i whakataetae i roto i tona wāhanga.

Toyota Camry ranu ( "Toyota Camry")

Ko te waka kākano ai rawa economical, hoahoa ātaahua, whakamarie, processability tiketike. Ko tētahi atu painga o te tuku i te Toyota Camry roto hoa hybrids, - whakaterenga tere (mo 7.4 hēkona, tenei tauira e taea whakatere ki te 100 km / h).

Chevrolet wae ( "Chevrolet wae")

Practical hatchback wha ki āhuatanga rere pai. kākano rechargeable (mono-i roto i te waka ranu). rite rawa te reira ki te penehīni pūkaha (rōrahi 1.4 rita, 84 rita kaha. S.), Poraka lithium-katote pūhiko he ora ratonga roa, me te pūkaha hiko peia te pereoo. Maero i runga hiko tāone - e pā ana ki 54-60 km.

Volvo V60 Mono-i roto i ( "Volvo V60 Mono-i roto i")

Tuatahi i roto i avtogibridov pūkaha tauira turbodiesel (rōrahi 2.4 rita, 215 rita raukaha. S., kohi toharite o te diesel ia 100 km ko 1.9 rita). Ko te taea o te pūkaha hiko o te pereoo teihana diesel tukua ki te haere i runga i te 50 hiko kiromita.

Ranu Honda Civic ( "Honda-Civic")

Kua okioki ngā motokā i runga i taua āhuatanga kiritaki nui rite whakamarie, ōhanga wahie, me te māmā. Ko te wāhanga matua o te rongonui o Honda Civic ranu - compactness, strikingly juxtaposed ki te kaha o te whakawhetai ranu ki te rongoā hoahoa motuhake, kakama, me te hoahoa ātaahua.

Tuhinga, he wāhitau poto ki te ti'aturi ore ranei

He ona kaitautoko me hoariri hangarau ranu. E whakaatu ētahi iwi o ratou hāngaitanga me te whai huatanga, i te ētahi atu e kore te mahi mauiui ki te tohu ki tōnounoú. Ki te ake kē koe i te motokā matarohia ki te engine diesel penehīni ranei, rite koe tona hoahoa, kohi wahie iti, āhuatanga hangarau me te mahi, ko reira taea e kore te mea e tika ana ki te hohoro ki te hoko o te kākano ki runga. Taihoa ra ano ka kawea te kaiwhakanao ki te mākete putanga atu matatau.

Just kore e kia totoro rawa tatari tukanga, kia rite kore ki te tatarahapa e pā ana ki te wa ngaro a fifili aha kua koe i te unuhanga atu i hoko. E ai ki ngā tohunga, te waka kākano i roto i te heke mai tata e waiho he titiro noa i runga i nga ara o nga pa nui, me pa iti. I te wa ano tohu te roha nui o te tauira ngā ngā. ka tango hybrids he wahi tika i roto i ia raupapa wāhanga motokā - i supercars ki crossovers me minivans-kaimahi.