He aha te parau tumu e kore e rite ki te hoahoanga von Neumann? Kia pehea te nga mahi mīhini o von Neumann?

I teie mahana, ko reira pakeke ki te whakapono, engari rorohiko, kahore nei he tokomaha e taea kore whakaaro toku ora, i reira ko etahi 70 tau anake i mua. Ko tētahi o te hunga e hanga he takoha whakatakotoria ki to ratou whakatū, ko te pūtaiao American Dzhon Fon Neyman. te whakaaro ia e te mau parau tumu i runga i te nuinga o te rorohiko me te mahi ki tenei ra. Fakakaukau ki he founga te mīhini von Neumann.

mōhiohio haurongo Poto

whanau Yanosh Neyman i roto i 1930 i Budapest, i roto i te utuafare nui rawa Hurai e i taea ki te riro muri i te taitara o te rangatira. Mai i te tamarikitanga i whakanuia ia e te aravihi faahiahia i roto i ngā wāhi katoa. I 23, kua awhina Neumann tona tuhinga Kairangi i te mara o te ahupūngao whakamātautau me te matū. I roto i te 1930, i karangatia te pūtaiao taitamariki ki te mahi i roto i te United States, Princeton University. I te wa ano ko Neumann tetahi o nga mema o te tuatahi o te Institute mo te Haapiiraa Arā, te wahi mahi ia rite te orometua noa tona mate. i rawa whanui Neumann ngākau nuitanga pūtaiao. I roto i ngā, ko reira tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o rehe aronui me te ariā matapparata o automata pūtau.

Takoha ki te Science Rorohiko

I mua i te kitea tatou i roto i te mea e kore e parau tumu whakatau i te hoahoanga Von Neumann, ka waiho reira ngā ki te ako e pā ana ki te pehea ka haere te pūtaiao ki te whakaaro o te hanga i te momo rorohiko hou.

Te riroraa i te tohunga i roto i te mara o te pahūtanga pāngarau me ngaru ru i roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1940, ko von Neumann he kaitohutohu pūtaiao i tetahi o nga taiwhanga o Tari paura o te Army United States. I roto i te hinga o 1943, tae ia i roto i Los Alamos ki whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa Manhettenskogo i te fakaafe whaiaro o tona rangatira Roberta Oppengeymera. kaha mahi ki te tātai i te kōpeketanga implosive o te tiaki poma ngota ki runga ki te puranga nui i hoatu i roto i te mua o ia ia. Hei whakaoti i hiahiatia reira rorohiko nui, e te tīmatanga kawea atu i runga i te tataitai puritia-ringa, a muri i runga i tabulators pūkaha o IBM, te whakamahi i ngā kāri tokua.

Von Neumann ka mohio ki te kōrero i runga i te ahunga whakamua o te hanganga o rorohiko hiko-mīhini, me te tino hiko. I maoro, i ngā ia ki te whanaketanga o rorohiko EDVAC ko ENIAC, hua i roto i te mahi ia ka anga tuhituhi "Ko te tauira tuatahi o te pūrongo i runga i te EDVAC», noho oti, i roto i nei aroaro ia ki te hapori pūtaiao he whakaaro katoa hou, he aha kia te hoahoanga rorohiko.

Ko te mau parau tumu o von Neumann

pūtaiao Rorohiko i roto i te tau 1945 ka haere mai ki te standstill, rite e penapena rorohiko katoa i roto i tona mahara te tokomaha tukatuka i roto i te puka 10, he hōtaka mō ngā mahi e mahi ana i whakaturia e whakanoho i roto i te ou'a rōpū papaki.

Tenei nui iti te kaha o rorohiko. Ko te pakaruhanga tūturu ko te parau tumu o von Neumann. Poto e taea te faaite ratou i roto i te rerenga kōrero kotahi: te whakawhitinga ki te pūnaha tau ā-rua, me te parau tumu o te hōtaka penapena.

tātari o

A feruri i te mau parau tumu i runga i nei hāngai ko te hanganga mīhini von Neumann puāwaitanga, i roto i te taipitopito atu:

1. Haere ki te pūnaha ā-rua o te ira

Tenei hoahoanga Neumann parau tumu taea te whakamahi o te pūrere arorau ngā ohie.

2. whakahaere Pūmanawa o mīhini rorohiko hiko

te mana mahi Rorohiko e te huinga o whakahau e kua mahi i tetahi i muri i te tahi atu. Whanaketanga o te mīhini tuatahi ki te hōtaka rongoa i roto i te mahara, tohua te timatanga o te hōtaka hou.

E rongoa i roto i te mahara rorohiko 3. Raraunga me ngā hōtaka tahi

I roto i tenei take, e rua raraunga me tohutohu hōtaka i te ara ano o te tuhi i roto i te pūnaha ā-rua, na i roto i etahi āhuatanga mo ratou he taea ki te mahi i te taua mahi rite te raraunga.

tūhuratanga

I tua atu, kua nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te hoahoanga Fonneymanovskoy mīhini:

1. Ko te wāhi mahara i wāhitau e kua taua consecutively

Na roto i te whakamahi o tenei parau tumu, ka taea ki te whakamahi i ngā taurangi i roto i te hōtaka. I roto i ngā, i tetahi wa, ka taea e koe te tuku ki te wāhi ngā mahara i tona wāhitau.

2. Ko te pea o te peka herenga i roto i te hōtaka

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, me mahia i te whakahau hōtaka raupapa. Heoi, ngā reira te whai wāhi ki te hanga i te whakawhitinga ki tetahi wahi o te waehere.

Nahea te mīhini von Neumann

Kei tēnei tauira pāngarau o te rokiroki (mahara) , he waeine arorau tauhanga (ALU), mana, me te wāhi me ngā pūrere putanga. kua oti te tuhituhi tohutohu hōtaka katoa i roto i te pūtau mahara kei roto i te tata, me te raraunga mō te tukatuka ratou - i roto i ngā wāhi noho.

kia ngā tetahi rōpū o:

• tohu e mahi kia whakamana;
• wāhitau pūtau mahara i roto i nei e rongoa i te raraunga taketake, mea mahi āwangawanga;
• wāhitau pūtau i roto i nei ki te tuhituhi i te hua.

Enei whakahau ngā mahi motuhake i runga i ngā raraunga tāuru ALU mahi i a kua oti te tuhituhi te hua i roto i te pūtau mahara, ie. E. Penapena i roto i te puka e tika ana mō te mīhini tukatuka muri, ranei tuku ki te pūrere huaputa (aroturuki, pūreretā, etc) ka hanga e wātea ana ki te tangata.

whakahaere CU wahi katoa o te rorohiko. Mai i ia ki te tahi atu pūrere e tango tohu-whakahau "aha ki te mahi i", rite ki te tango, mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mea e ratou i roto i te huru o te tahi atu pūrere.

I roto i te pūrere mana he rēhita motuhake i huaina te "counter hōtaka" SC. I muri tikiake i te raraunga, me ngā hōtaka i roto i te mahara pupuru ana IC te wāhitau o tona rōpū 1. pānui i CU te tirotiro o te pūtau mahara rorohiko nei wāhitau kei roto i te UK, a wahi te reira i roto i te "Me whakahau rēhita". Ko te kōwae mana whakatau te mahi e rite ana ki te kupu motuhake, me "tuhipoka" raraunga i te wāhitau i tohua i roto i te reira i roto i te mahara o te rorohiko. Next, te ALU ranei taputapu puta rorohiko ki te mahi, i muri nei ke te te tirotiro o SC ki tetahi, m. E. tuhu ki te whakahau i muri.

faaino

Huakore a Contemporary Tirohanga von Neumann hoahoanga ki te kia te tumu parau o te taupatupatu tonu. Ko te take i hoatu mua mihini hanga i runga i te mau parau tumu e tenei aivanaa tino, e kore e tino, i ite i te reira i te wa roa i mua.

Na reira, ko te whakamātautau o tīkiti i roto i te pūtaiao rorohiko taea maha kitea te pātai "He aha te mea e kore e te parau tumu hāngai ki te hoahoanga von Neumann me aha tōnounoú kua reira."

Ki te te whakahoki ki te muri tika kia tautuhi:

• te aroaro o te āputa pū i waenganui i te hōtaka reo taumata-tiketike, me te pūnaha whakahau;
• i runga i te raruraru o hohou ana OP me pūtukatuka hōkaiipurangi;
• i runga i te raruraru pūmanawa puta, meinga e te meka e he nui raro atu i te utu o te whanaketanga pūmārō ona utu hanga, a kore koutou e taea e te whakaoti i te hōtaka whakamātautau;
• kore o opuaraa i roto i ngā o te mahi, hei pera me ta tae kē tona rohe ariā.

Ka rite ki te mea e kore e parau tumu hāngai ki te hoahoanga von Neumann, e korero tatou e pā ana ki te whakahaere o te tau nui o awa raraunga whakarara me te whakahau tūturu i roto i te multiprocessor hoahoanga.

mutunga

Na e matau ana koutou he aha te parau tumu e kore e rite ki te hoahoanga von Neumann. Ko mea papû e kore e tu ana pūtaiao me te hangarau tonu, a pea hohoro i roto i ia whare, ka waiho he momo tino hou o rorohiko i roto i nei e tae tangata he taumata hou o te whanaketanga. E te ara, te faaineine no te te pūmanawa whakamātautau simulator ki te āwhina "hoahoanga Von Neumann". whakahaere taua rauemi mātauranga mamati te whakawhenumi o te rauemi me te whakarato i te whai wāhi ki te aromatawai rātou mōhiotanga.