Huhu toto hoki ngā rōpū toto: ture. kaituku Universal. rōpū toto hototahi Ripanga

I roto i te rongoā hou te tonu whakamahia pinepine te reira tukanga o te huhu toto. Toto huhu rōpū toto - ko te tukanga o tona whakatinanatanga i te kaituku hauora ki te manawanui ki te hauora waimaero i roto i te (kaiwhiwhi). E titau te reira i te whakatinanatanga o etahi ture, a he kore kahore pōauautanga. Na reira, kawea tenei mahi i roto i te kukū mōrahi o te aro i runga i te wahi o kaimahi hauora.

He aha e hiahiatia i roto i te timatanga?

I mua i te tukanga, ka whakahaere i te tākuta he rangahau o te huhu me te rangahau e tika ana. Kaituku kaiwhiwhi ranei, me whai koe i te uruwhenua, kia whiriwhiria tika o ngā raraunga katoa. Ki te ka te hanga tetahi ngaio tiaki hauora whakamātautau o te manawanui he kaituku ranei, ine te reira te pēhanga toto, me te ki te tāutu i contraindications taea.

ture huhu

huhu toto o ngā rōpū toto whakahaere te kaupapa ki etahi turanga. Tuhinga mō te whawhe hiahiatia horopeta transfused inu whakaritea mātanga hauora e hāngai ana i runga i raraunga haumanu me te tātaritanga. Ture o te huhu toto i roto i ngā rōpū hanga mo te haumarutanga o rua te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi. Te mātanga me, ahakoa o nga rangahau riro i mua, fakatāutaha, mahi i te whai ake:

1. rōpū Figure pūnaha abo, ka whakarite i te raraunga ki te taunaki e wātea ana.
2. Hei kitea i roto i te āhuatanga o ngā pūtau toto whero, e rua te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi.
3. Hoatu te tauira i runga i te hototahi whānui.
4. Whakahaere bioassay.

Ko te tukanga o te whakatau rōpū toto

Ko te wāhi nui, ko te ki te whakatau huhu kai inu koiora me te aroaro i roto i reira o mate. Hoki tenei whakaaro, tangohia te tauira toto te mo te tātari whānui, wehe te tokomaha hua kia rua nga wahi, ka tonoa ki te ako. I roto i te taiwhanga, he haki tuatahi mo te aroaro o mate, te nui o te pūtoto, me ētahi atu. Whakamahia te tuarua kei te ki te whakatau i te momo toto me rH tauwehe reira.

rōpū toto

huhu toto o ngā rōpū toto e tika ana ki te manawanui i roto i te tinana kua puta agglutination ngeniwhero tika ki te tauhohe o te agglutination i runga i te tauira whakamātau whakauru. E wehea te rōpū toto tinana whakarōpūtanga pūnaha abo tangata ki 4 momo matua. E abo puta whakarōpū wehenga tika ki te aroaro o antigens motuhake - A me B. here ia o ratou te ki te agglutinin motuhake: He herea ki te α me te B β te whakaatu i. Tei runga i te huinga o enei wāhanga, ka hanga e te rōpū toto mohiotia katoa. E kore te mea taea te huinga o ngā wāhanga ōrite, te kore e ngeniwhero te tinana agglutination, a ia e kore e taea e noa tonu ki te tīariari. I roto i tenei puka anake wha ngā taea:

• Rōpū 1: he mea motu antigens, i reira e α agglutinin rua me te β.
• Rōpū 2: antigen He agglutinin me β.
• Rōpū 3: Ko te antigen me agglutinin α.
• Rōpū 4: e ngaro agglutinins, i reira he antigens A me B.

rōpū hototahi

rōpū Toto Hototahi mō te huhu e whai wāhi nui i roto i te mahi. I roto i te mahi huhu whakamana hauora anake ōrite hototahi ki ia atu momo. fifili maha iwi e pā ana ki te mea ahua o te rōpū o te toto he kaituku ao, engari e kore e matau ki te tukanga. i reira ano he wāhanga e tika ana. He aha toto momo he te ao - he pātai e kua he whakahoki ohie. Iwi ki te rōpū tuatahi o te toto e tika ana ki te ngaro o antigens he kaituku ao, me te hunga e whai te tuawha, whakaaro e ngā kaiwhiwhi ao. tepu hototahi rōpū toto tavini hoki mahara ki te tukanga huhu.

Ahakoa te meka e i roto i te ao i teie mahana i reira e maha ngā huarahi ki te hamani tini o nga mate, ki te karo tukanga huhu ko tonu e kore e taea. Ripanga o hototahi o ngā rōpū toto āwhina ngaio hauora ki te kawe i te mahi tika, e whai wāhi ana ki te tiaki o te ora, me te hauora o te manawanui. e kia te kōwhiringa pai te whakamahi o huhu he ōrite, me te o te rōpū, me te rH toto tonu. Ko reira he wa ka mea faufaa te huhu ki te kawe i roto i te wa ka taea poto, ka haere mai ki te āwhina o ngā kaituku ao me ngā kaiwhiwhi.

tauwehe rh

A, no te kitea rangahau pūtaiao i roto i 1940. Ko te antigen i roto i te toto o macaques, e muri riro te ingoa o te take rH. He tuku ia ka tei runga i te iwi. He rH-pai aua iwi i roto i te toto e kua te antigen, a i roto i te ngaro o te rH-kino.

huhu Hototahi:

• Rh kino hoki e huhu mo te iwi ki rh negative;
• Ko hototahi ki tetahi makimaki rh toto pai.

Ki te whakamahi koe i te toto pai rH o tūroro ki kāwai rH-kino, ka i roto i tona toto ki te whakawhanake i tauwhāiti agglutinins anti-Rhesus, ia tetahi whawhe ka hononga pūtau toto whero. Fakatatau ki ai, e kore e taea te mahi i te huhu.

Tetahi huhu - ahotea ki te tinana tangata. toto katoa whakawhitia te anake, ki te te mate o te inu koiora tae 25%, me te teitei. Ki te mate o te rōrahi iti o whakakapi toto e whakamahia. I roto i te tahi atu te wā, te huhu o etahi wāhanga whakaaturia, hei tauira, pūtau whero anake, i runga i te momo o te lesion rānei.

Methods o tauira

Hei kawe i te kaiwhiwhi crossmatch sera tīpakohia i konatunatua ki te tauira i te kaituku ki te whārangi o te pepa ma, tilting reira i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē. E rima meneti i muri mai, whakarite i te hua, ki te mea kua puta te adhesion o ngā pūtau toto whero, te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi e hototahi.

Na ka tirohia i te hototahi o te toto huhu tauira mo rH i tetahi o ara e rua.

1. I roto i te ngongo ma i whakatupato ki te pure te whakamahi i erythrocytes saline kaituku taimaha diluted ki otinga gelatin mahana me rua pata o te serum kaiwhiwhi. A tuu i te ranunga i runga i te pati i te wai mo te 10 meneti. I muri i tenei wa i diluted reira ki otinga saline i te nui o 7 ml, me te uru ata. Ki te te kore rēhita adhesion o ngā pūtau toto whero, te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi e hototahi.
2. I maturuturu iho te ngongo centrifuge 2 pata kaiwhiwhi serum me 1 te maturuturunga iho 1 te maturuturunga iho poliglyukina kaituku toto. whakanohoia te ngongo i roto i te centrifuge mō te 5 meneti. Na, diluted te ranunga i ki 5 ml saline, hoatu te ngongo i te koki o 90 °, me te manatoko hototahi. I roto i te ngaro o te adhesion me te huringa tae kaituku hototahi me te kaiwhiwhi.

bioassay

Hei tango i te mōrea o e taki pōauautanga bioassay. Hoki tenei, he nui iti o te toto huhu kaiwhiwhi, me toru meneti e matakitaki ana tona hauora. I roto i te ngaro o te tītohu kino: he hua i roto i auau ngakau, kore romahā, i korerotia whawhe rua atu āta aroturuki tūroro. kia kawea ai huhu i roto i anake, no te kore i kitea i te reira tetahi whakaaturanga kino, te kore e kore e whakamana i te mahi.

Ko te tikanga o te

I muri i nga whawhe tika katoa ki te whakatau i te hototahi o ngā rōpū toto, me te timata ki te kawe i te huhu iho. kore kia matao toto faaterehia, te pāmahana rūma, whakaaetia anake. Ki te he kōhukihuki te mahi, ka mahana i te toto i roto i te pati i te wai. whakamana Tukanga maturuturu huhu e te pūnaha, rānei tika te whakamahi i te taua pūwero. Ko te auau whakataki o 50 makaka ia 60 hēkona. I roto i te akoranga o te ngaio hauora huhu katoa 15 meneti whanganga pini me te pēhanga toto o te manawanui. I muri i te whawhe o te manawanui e whakaaturia Okioki me te mātakitaki hauora.

Ko te hiahia hoki me contraindications

huhu toto, he tokomaha e pā ana ki te whakahaere tarukino taka ohie. Ko ko te tukanga matatini tenei i roto i nei te manene pūtau ora ki te tinana o te manawanui. A tae noa ki te hototahi maitai āu reira ko te tūpono e kore e taea e noho iho i te toto. Ko te aha e tino nui ki te whakatau he aha e kore e taea e koe, kahore he tukanga taua tākuta. Mataotao whakaritea e te mahi me kia papu papu e kore e whai hua atu maimoatanga. Ki te kahore he tetahi feaa e pai whai hua he huhu, he pai ke e kore e ki te whakapau.

nunu'a o incompatibility

Ki te kahore i oti hototahi ki te huhu o ngā hua toto me te toto, kia whakawhanake i te kaiwhiwhi pānga kino o te hātepe taua.

kia rerekē maumaui o te mahi taua, e pā ana ratou ki raruraru i roto i te whekau pūnaha ranei.

He rahunga auau i roto i te ate, me te tākihi pākia te aukati, te mahi me te mahi o te hematopoiesis. kia hoki huringa puta i roto i nga whekau romahā me te pūnaha io. Maimoatanga ki te ahua o pōauautanga tetahi kia whakahaere rite wawe rite taea, i raro i te tirotiro a te tākuta.

Ki te puta incompatibility i roto i nga bioassays, ite iwi hoki nga faaiteraa ino, engari ki te whānuitanga nui iti. kia whakakitea te kaiwhiwhi kirika, tohu mamae i roto i te pouaka, me te lumbar tuaiwi. Ka Pulse kia speeded ake, ka kitea manukanuka. e kore e taea te mahi i runga i te rapunga o enei tohu huhu. I tēnei wā incompatibility i roto i te toto huhu me te toto whakaritea e kore e puta.