I roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas 2. Nicholas II: biography, tōrangapū

2 Nikolai Alexandrovich (Mei 6, 1868 - July 17, 1918) - te kingi Russian whakamutunga, i kingi i 1894 ki te 1917, te tama mātāmua a Alexander 3, ko Maria Feodorovna, ko te mema hōnore o te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences. I roto i te Soviet epithet iho historiographical i hoatu ai ki a ia "toto." Life 2 Nicholas me tona kingitanga e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga.

kingitanga Poto o Nicholas 2

I roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 ko te whanaketanga ōhanga kaha o Russia. I te whenua Ariki taua ngaro te reira i roto i te whawhai Russian-Japanese o 1904-1905., Nei ko tetahi o nga take o nga ngā orurehau o 1905-1907., I roto i ngā te whakatamarikitanga o te Faaiteraa o Oketopa 17, 1905, kia rite ki nei i whakaaetia ai ki te hanga o ngā rōpū tōrangapū, me te i hanga State Duma. I runga i te Faaiteraa taua i whakarewahia agrarian whakahou Stolypin. I roto i te 1907, ka Russia he mema o te Entente, ka whai wāhi tona hanganga e i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I roto i August 1915, Nicholas Romanov 2 riro te rangatira nui rawa. I roto i te Hui-tanguru Revolution o Maehe 2, ahuatanga 1917 te kingi. i mahi i ia, me tona hapu katoa. taimí ratou Russian Siu Ekalesia i roto i 2000.

, Tau kōhungahunga

8 tau, no te a Nikolai Alexandrovich, timata tona mātauranga i te kāinga. Ko te hōtaka ngā akoranga mātauranga whānui e waru nga tau tonu. Na ka - te akoranga o Teitei Sciences mo rima tau. takoto te pūtake o te hōtaka te kura puāwaitanga. Otiia hei utu o Kariki me Latin heke mai kingi taukei huaota, mineralogy, anatomy, kararehe, me te whaiaroaro. akoranga Arā ko tuhinga Russian, hītori me ngā reo ke. I tua atu, ngā te hōtaka mātauranga teitei te ako o te ture, ohaoha me take hōia (kaupapa here, ture, mahi o te General kaimahi, geography). Nikolai 2 I whai wāhi hoki i roto i te taiapa, hōiho, waiata, peita. 3 Alexander ko tana wahine Maria Fedorovna whiriwhiria ratou mo te kingi o kaiakopono me ngā kaiako he kaha'ú. I roto ia ratou ko nga rangatira hōia, me te kāwanatanga, pūtaiao: N. H. Bunge, K. P. Pobedonostsev, nn Obruchev, MI Dragomirov, N. K. Girs, AR Drenteln.

mahi wawe

Mai tamarikitanga, te heke mai Hiha Nicholas 2 I hiahia i roto i ngā take hōia: ia i mohio maitai te ture hōia me ngā tikanga i roto i rangatira me hoia kihai i karo i te ite ia ratou o ratou kaiwhakaruruhau kaiakopono, ngāwari ki te kawe ki nekeneke puni me utu raruraru o te ora ope.

i muri i whanau tonu, te kingi i mua nei tuhia i roto i te maha o nga Tuhinga tiaki, ka hanga rangatira o te 65raa o Infantry Regiment o Moscow. I te tau o rima tau, Nicholas 2 - whakaritea i rangatira o te ora tiaki Reserve Regiment, a muri, i roto i 1875, te Erivan Regiment (te rā o te poari 1894-1917 tau.). Ko te te kapatanga hōia tuatahi (rūtene), ko te kingi he kaha'ú i Hakihea 1875, a ka hanga i roto i te 1880 e ia i te rūtene tuarua, me wha tau i muri mai - ki te rūtene.

Hoki te whawhai kaha, Nikolai 2 tae i roto i 1884, a mai Hōngongoi 1887 mahi ia i roto i te hoia Preobrazhensky , a tae te ana'iraa o te rangatira. meinga ia hei rangatira i roto i 1891, me te tau i muri mai - i te Kānara.

Ko te timatanga o te kingitanga o

mate ia i muri i te mate roa, Alexander 1, 2 me te Nicholas i te ra ano i riro te poari i roto i Moscow i tau 26, Oketopa 20, 1894.

I roto i tona hui koroneihana mōhiohio Mei 18, 1896 i reira kua whanaketanga whakaari i roto i te Khodynka parae. tupu tutu i roto i te Stampede māhorahora patua, ka whara mano o te iwi.

kihai i Khodynka i te tikanga mo te hakari tūmatanui, i te mea he he turanga whakangungu mo nga hōia, a na ko reira neblagoustroeno. Matau i muri ki te parae i te awaawa, a ka i hipokina ai iho ki maha rua. I te take o te whakanui o te poka, me te awa hipoki ki te papa, me te hipoki ki te onepu, ka hoatu ki runga ki te paenga o ngā toa, tihokahoka, tunga no te horoa i vodka free me hua. A, no te e ngā iwi e hau e pā ana ki te tohatoha o te moni me te mau horo'a, te tino rerenga e matou ki hinga nga whare papanga, te uhi i te poka, a ka hinga te iwi, kahore he ki te tu ake: kua rere kē e ratou te mano. Te pirihimana, kahakina atu i te poipoi, e kore e taea e tetahi mea. Anake i muri i te taenga ngā, te mano āta marara, mahue te rohe o te tinana ripiripia, ka takahia te iwi.

Ko te tau tuatahi o te kingitanga o

I roto i nga tau wawe o te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 tatauranga whānui o te taupori me te whakahou moni i kawea ki waho. Russia i roto i te kingitanga o tenei ariki ka he āhua agrarian-ahumahi: ki te hanga pereoo, tupu pa, i reira nga hinonga ahumahi. ka mau te Emperor whakatau e hāngai ana i te ao hou, pāpori me te ōhanga o Russia: i whakaurua te moni koura RUPO, e rave rahi ture i runga i inihua kaimahi ', kawea atu whakahou agrarian Stolypin, nga ture i runga i kātakí fakalotu me te mātauranga tuatahi ao.

ngā matua

I roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 i tohua e te whakahōhā kaha o te ora tōrangapū o Russia, me te he āhuatanga kaupapa here ke uaua (ngā o te whawhai Russian-Japanese o 1904-1905, te 1905-1907 revolution i roto i to tatou whenua, te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, me te i roto i te 1917 - February Revolution) .

Russian-Japanese War, i timata i roto i 1904, ahakoa kahore meinga kino nui ki te whenua, engari tino ngaueue te mana o te kingi. I muri maha hupehupe me te parekura i roto i te pakanga o Tsushima i roto i te 1905 mutu te hinga kuru o te tāruru Russian.

Revolution o 1905-1907.

January 9, whawhati 1905 revolution i roto i, i huaina e te rā ko te Rātapu toto. koperea ope Kāwanatanga whakaaturanga o kaimahi, whakaritea, kia rite ki kei te whakapono, Georgiem Gaponom, he tohunga o te whare herehere tauwhiro i St Petersburg. Ka rite ki te hua o te pupuhiraa i patua ka mau neke atu i te kotahi mano demonstrators wahi i roto i te hīkoi rangimarie ki te Winter Palace ki te tuku i te petihana ki te kingi e pā ana ki te hiahia o nga kaimahi.

I muri i taua, wherahia ana te whakatikanga ake ki te maha atu pa Russian. he mahi Armed i roto i te Navy me i te Ope. Na, Hune 14, ka mau 1905 heramana te tama'i "Potemkin", ka kawea ia ki Odessa, i reira i taua wa ko te patu whānui. Heoi, kihai i nga heramana maia ki te haere ki uta ki te tautoko i te kaimahi. "Potemkin" haere ki Romania a tuku ki mana. Kua takoha ngā maha te kingi ki te haina i te Faaiteraa o 17 Oketopa 1905 te tau ia i hoatu e noho o wāteatea ture.

Ehara i te he reforomatio i te natura, i akina atu te kingi i ki te whakatinana i whakahounga e kore e e hāngai ki ona whakapono. whakapono ia e kore te mea maroke ke hoki maia ki te korero i roto i Russia, te kaupapa ture, Nunui o te Ao i te wa. Otiia i takoha Nicholas 2 (whakaahua o i te aroaro o te i roto i te tuhinga) ki te haina i te Faaiteraa o Oketopa 17, 1905, ka anga reira itoito rite te kaupapa pāpori mō te huringa tōrangapū.

Ko te whakatūnga o te State Duma

Faaiteraa o 1906 o Tsar, i whakapumautia te State Duma. I roto i te aamu o Russia, ka anga te kingi tuatahi ki te whakahaere tikanga i roto i te aroaro o te māngai o te tinana pōtitia o te taupori. Ko, āta te Russia hoko he ture arikitanga. Heoi, ahakoa enei huringa, te Hiha i roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas 2 tonu i mana nui: whakaputaina e ia i roto i te puka o ture ture, e whakaturia ana nga minita me te Pirimia; fakamatala ki a ia anake, ko te matenga o te marae, te ope, me te kaiwhakaruruhau tapu o te Ekalesia, tautuhi te kaupapa here ke akoranga o to tatou whenua.

Ko te revolution tuatahi o 1905-1907 whakakitea he raruraru hohonu e vai i taua wa i roto i te āhua Russian.

Nicholas 2 Personality

Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o hono to'utangatá, tona huru, te matua huru, pakaritanga me ngā ngoikoretanga i ratou, kaua rangirua, ka meinga ētahi wā i tautohetia. E ai ki he tokomaha o ratou, Nicholas 2 āhuatanga pērā āhuatanga nui rite te ngoikore. Heoi, i reira he taunakitanga rahi e tohe te Hiha ki te whakatinana i ō rātou whakaaro, me ngā kōkiri, poto ētahi wā i te aroaro o te pakeke (, i te hainatanga o te Faaiteraa o Oketopa 17, 1905, i takoha kotahi anake ia ki te tuku ki e a tetahi atu).

Roto i te rerekē ki tona papa, Alexander 3, Nicholas 2 (te whakaahua o ia, e kite i raro) kihai i hanga i te ongo o te tuakiri kaha. Heoi, kia rite ki te kati hoa ki a ia te iwi i ia marino makehe, ētahi wā tikanga rite tau'a ki o iwi, me whenua (hei tauira te whakarau, ki te manuļa, patu taiao Ariki, tutaki ia te rongo o te hinga o Port Arthur me te hinga o te ope Russian i roto i te Ao Tuatahi whawhai).

Whai wāhi i roto i te fetu'utaki mo e kakaí, Tsar Nicholas 2 whakakitea "itoito faahiahia", me te te tiaki me te tika (kia kore ia i te hēkeretari whaiaro, me katoa o te tā i runga i nga pukapuka whakanohoia e ia tona ringa ake). Ahakoa i roto i te whānui ko tonu te whakahaere te mana nui i te "pikaunga taimaha" ki a ia. E ai ki to'utangatá, a Czar Nicholas 2 tenacious mahara, mātakitaki, ka ko hoa, fakanānā me te tangata tairongo whakahoa. Te nuinga o te katoa utu ia ia ratou peu, te rangimarie, te hauora, me te i roto i ngā te pai o tona ake whānau.

2 Nicholas me tona hapu

Tautoko mahi tona hapu te kingi. ko Alexandra tana kore anake wahine, engari ano hoki i te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, he hoa ki a ia. I tū to ratou marena Whiringa 14, 1894. Ngā ngākau nuitanga, ngā ariā, me ngā ritenga o te hoa faaipoipo maha kahore e hāngai, te nuinga e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga ahurea, no te mea ko te Empress he rangatira Tiamana. Heoi, e kore tenei i ārai i te whakaaetanga utuafare. Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia me Alexei: e rima ngā tamariki i te tokorua.

i meinga te whakaari whānau kingi i mate Alexei, e tukua i hemophilia (toto incoagulability). Ko Ko tenei mate te take o te whare Grigoriya Rasputina o te kingi, rongonui hoki te mea homai noa o te whakaora, me te kite. Ia maha Ua tauturu Alexei ki faaruru i pāngia o te mate.

Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao

1914 Ko te wāhi tahuri i roto i te whakarau o Nicholas 2. Ko te ka te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. kihai i te Emperor hiahia tenei whawhai, e ngana ana a tae noa te momeniti whakamutunga ki te karo i te tārukenga. Otiia i runga i Hōngongoi 19 (August 1) 1914 faaoti tonu Germany ki te haere ki te whawhai ki a Russia.

I roto i August o 1915, tohua e te tauatanga o hupehupe hōia, Nicholas 2, te kōrero o te Poari i te mea tata ki te whakamutunga kua, riro ia te tūranga o te rangatira i roto i te tino o te ope Russian. i faataahia tuatahi ia ki a Duke Nicholas (teina). Mai reira he faga anake wā tae mai whakapaipai whakapau te nuinga o te wa i roto i Mogilev auau High i Tumuaki.

Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i whakakaha nga raruraru ā-o Russia. I kitea nga pāpaka kaiwero matua me te pakanga e tautohetia ana rite te kingi me tona tira. Ko te tirohanga i taua "po rere kopeka" i roto i te kāwanatanga Russian. hanga te whakahau hōia o te whenua ahu e te kingi i te timatanga o 1917 he mahere mo te ino whānui i runga i nei te raumati o 1917 i whakaritea ai ki te mutunga i te aroraa.

Liaki Nicholas 2

Heoi, i te mutunga o Pepuere i tenei tau, ka whawhati raruraru i roto i mua, e, e tika ana ki te ngaro o te pato'iraa kaha o nga mana, kua tupu he torutoru ra i roto i te whakaaturanga tōrangapū papatipu ki te kingi o te whare, me te kāwanatanga. Tuatahi Nikolai 2 whakaritea e te kaha ki te whakatutuki i te raupapa i roto i te pane, engari, ka mohio ki te tauine pono o te whakahe, i hoatu ake tenei mahere, wehi toto atu e taea ai te. tohe ki a ia etahi o nga tino-rangatira rangatira, kaitōrangapū me ngā mema o te tira o te kingi ki taua ki te pehi i pōuri huringa tika o te kāwanatanga, te Tuhinga o Nicholas 2 i te torona.

I muri whakaaro huritao fakamamahi Maehe 2, 1917 i roto i Pskov, i roto i te haerenga ki te tereina emepaea, Nicholas 2 faaoti ki haina te mahi o Tuhinga i te torona, ki te Poari, tona teina, Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. Heoi, kihai ia ki te whakaae ki te karauna. Liaki Nicholas 2 te kupu auraa te mutunga whare.

Ko te marama whakamutunga o te ora

i mauheretia 2 Nicholas me tona hapu i runga i Maehe 9 o te taua tau. he marama e rima tuatahi ratou i roto i Tsarskoye selo, i raro i te tiaki o, a ka tonoa e ratou ki a Roho i August 1917. Na, i roto i te April 1918, oho nga mua Nicholas me tona hapu i roto i Ekaterinburg. Here, i runga i te po o Hōngongoi 17, 1918, i roto i te pokapū o te tāone, i roto i te basement o te whare Ipatiev, te wahi i nga herehere i roto i te whare herehere, i te Hiha Nicholas 2, tona rima tamariki, wahine, me etahi hoa tata o te kingi, tae atu tākuta whānau Botkin me nga tangata, kahore tiaki tamataraa ranei i koperea. Kotahi tekau ma tahi iwi i patua.

I roto i te 2000, i te whakatau o te Ekalesia 2 Nikolay Romanov me tona hapu i taimí, a ka hanga i roto i te wahi o te whare o Ipatiev Siu hahi.