Kaitito Symbolist me ratou mahi

Fakataipe - he kaupapa tuhituhi e ahu i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 i roto i France, a wehea i roto i nga whenua Pākehā tokomaha. Heoi, he mea i roto i te tohu Russian kua riro te āhuatanga tino nui, me te nui-tauine. kaitito Symbolist Russian whakaurua i roto i tenei rohe ko te tahi mea hou, te tahi mea e kore i e i roto i to ratou matua French. Tukutahi ki te ahua o te fakataipe tīmata te hiriwa Age o tuhinga Russian. Ko me ahau mea e i roto i Russia reira ko kahore he kura kotahi o au Onaianei, i reira ko kahore he kotahitanga o ngā ariā, kotahi kāhua. Creativity Symbolist kaitito kotahi te mea i roto i te noa: matakana o kupu noa, te hiahia whakahuatia e tohu me whakarite.

rere tohu

Ko te kaupapa tuhituhinga o te tūranga wä me te whakarōpūtia te wa o te hanganga ki e rua ngā wāhanga. Puta i roto i te Symbolist kaitito 1890, te rārangi o e ngā taua whika rite Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, tuku ki rite "matua". I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1900, ki tonu te aronga e ki ope hou, tino huri tona ahua. Tuatahi "teina" kaitito Symbolist pērā i Ivanov, poraka, Bely. huaina te ngaru tuarua o te rere te mladosimvolizmom.

ka mau Māngai o te kura "pakeke" reira he kaupapa tuhituhi i roto i ngā rerehua. Ua faaite Balmont ko Bruce te whakaaro e te rohi pehe - ko matua he kaihanga o te uara pono toi, me te pono whaiaro. Kua kite "e Si◊í" kaitito i runga i roto i te āhuatanga fakalotu, me te taumauri. Philosophy, refracted i roto i te mahara whiti - e ko, i roto i to ratou whakaaro, te fakataipe. māngai hoki tuarua Poety Symbolist whakatupuranga Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim me ētahi atu.

"Matua" Symbolists

I roto i te Russia Ko reira ua faaite te kaupapa tuhituhi iho i te mutunga o nga 1890. I roto i Moscow, i nga takenga mai o fakataipe ko Valeriy Bryusov, a i roto i te St Petersburg - Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Heoi, ko te māngai tino Tūrongo me te tuwhena o te fakataipé kura wawe i roto i te pa i runga i te Neva Alexander Dobrolyubov. hanga watea, me te motu i nga rōpū Onaianei katoa tona ao whiti ko tetahi rohi pehe symbolist Russian - Fedor Sologub.

Otiia pea te tino te pānui, waiata, me te ponguru i te wa i whiti o Konstantin Balmont. I te mutunga o te rau tau 19, kei te mārama ana te tuhi i te reira e "te rapu mō correspondences" i waenganui i te tikanga, tae me te tangi. Kua tutaki whakaaro e rite Rimbaud ko Baudelaire, a muri mai i roto i maha kaitito Russian, pērā i Poraka, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont tenei rapu correspondences kite te nuinga i roto i te hanga o te kuputuhi tangi-tikanga - waiata, hoatu whanau ki tikanga. kawea atu Poet zvukopisi, tīmata ki te whakamahi i te mahi o tūāhua ātaahua hei utu o tūmahi, hua i roto i te hanga, pera i nga filí, tata kowaiwai o tikanga o whiti. Heoi, i tenei āhuatanga i roto i te rotarota arahina iku ki te hanganga o ngā ariā whiti hou, i roto i nei melodeclamation, tito noa, zvukopis.

"Tēina" kaitito Symbolist

Ko te whakatupuranga tuarua o nga kaitito Symbolist pā, ka anga tuatahi te whakaputa i roto i te tau 1900. I roto ia ratou i rawa taitamariki kaituhi, pērā i Andrey Bely, Sergei e rua Solovyov, Alexander poraka me te iwi raugatira, hei tauira, he kaiputaiao Vyacheslav Ivanov, kaiwhakahaere o te hākinakina Innokentiy Annensky.

I roto i te St. Petersburg, i roto i te wā o te "pokapū" o te fakataipe i papatahi Ivanov i te kokonga o te huarahi Tauris, te wahi i tetahi wa i ora ai M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, i reira ko Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, poraka, Lunacharsky. I roto i Moscow huihuia Symbolist kaitito i roto i te poari ētita o te whare whakaputa "Scorpion", te tino ētita o nei ko Bryusov. Here rite putanga o te putanga symbolist tino rongonui - "Balance". Kaimahi o te "te pinakitanga" he kaituhi pērā i K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, poraka, M. Voloshin me ētahi atu.

tohu Ngā wawe

I roto i Russia, te mutunga o te 19 me te timatanga o te rau tau 20. Ko te wa o te huringa, inoino tohu pouri me te kia hikirangi ana. I roto i tenei wā, i taea e kore e mārama ua reira te huarahi o te tikanga pāpori, me te tōrangapū mate-tīariari. kihai i taea e ēnei whanaketanga engari whakaawe te whiti Russian. konatunatua Poems kaitito symbolist i rite puritia kaitito whakaaro taupatupatu. Hei tauira, kaituhi pērā i D. Merezhkovsky ko N. Minsky, i tuatahi he māngai o whiti tivira, a muri timata ki te arotahi ki runga i te whakaaro o te "hapori fakalotu" me "atua-hanga". kihai i "Matua" Symbolists ite i te parau mau o te ao a tawhio noa, ka mea "e kore." Na, i tuhituhi Bruce: "E kore ahau e kite i to tatou mooni, e kore ahau e mohio o tenei rau tau ..." Ua faataa mai te māngai wawe o mooni nāianei te ao o te auahatanga me te moe, i roto i nei riro i te tangata tino noa, engari te mooni tuhituhi ratou puhoi, kino, me te poauau.

O i faufaa nui mo te kaitito auaha toi - faafariu i te tikanga o kupu, rotarota whanaketanga, te manawataki, me te rite. ko "Matua" Symbolists nga Impressionist, e tohe ana ki te kawe i motuhake e mohio o ongo, tōonga. kihai ratou i whakamahia te pūnaha o ngā tohu, engari kua ngaro i te kupu rite taua tona utu, a ka nui anake i roto i te kounga tangi, ngā kōrero puoro, hono i roto i te hanga whānui o te rotarota.

ngā hou

I roto i te 1901-1904 gg. timata te wāhanga hou i roto i te hītori o ngā tohu, a orua taua mea ki te ke feto◊oaki hou i roto i Russia. hoatu aau taia faauruhia i roto i te 1890 ara ki te ohiti takamua o "huringa tuatahi". I tenei wa, i runga i te scene tuhituhi puta mladosimvolisty e pee o te rohi pehe Vladimir Solovyov, kua kite nei i te ao tawhito ki te pareparenga o te mate, a ka mea e "te tiaki i te ao" Me kia ataahua fakalangi e honotanga te timatanga o te ora te rangi o te rauemi, te whenua. I roto i nga mahi o te kaitito Symbolist timata ki te puta pinepine whakaaro, engari e kore e rite ki taua, engari ka rite ki te tikanga ki te tautuhi i te huru. Na, i roto i te mau irava tutuki tonu te whakaahuatanga o mauiui pouri-Russian ngahuru, ka kore e whiti te ra ranei ka whiua ki te whenua pouri noa hihi koma hinga ata haruru rau, ka kāpehu, mea katoa i roto i kōkōuri Hikuwai.

Ko hoki te reira i te tauihu, tino o te symbolists "teina" he pa i. whakakitea ratou ia rite te ora te me ona huru ake, ki tona ahua. E mea pinepine puta reira rite te pa kia rite ki te wahi o te miharotanga, te haurangi, tohu tumuaki tuarua me te koirā.

Symbolists ko Revolution

I roto i te 1905-1907, ka timata te revolution, kua puta ke ano te fakataipe. Kua pahono tokomaha kaitito ki aua ngā. Na, tuhituhia ana e Bruce te maau rongonui "mai mua", i whakakororia te mutunga o te ao tawhito, engari whakairia ki a ia, ka ahau, me te iwi katoa e noho ana i roto i te wā o te mate, te ahurea tawhito. Unit i roto i to ratou mahi ki te waihanga whakapakoko o te ao hou o te iwi. I roto i te 1906 whakaputaina Sologub te pukapuka "motherland" o whiti, a i roto i 1907 i tuhituhi Balmont te raupapa o ngā rotarota, "Songs o te kaitakitaki" - i whakaputaina te kohinga i roto i Paris, a kua rāhuitia i roto i Russia.

Ko te heke o te fakataipe

I tenei wa ke reira te māramatanga toi o te ao o nga Symbolists. Ki te i mohio a ratou ataahua rite au maite, engari inaianei hoki ratou kitea ia te hononga ki ngā huānga iwi, ki te hepohepo o te whawhai. I te mutunga o te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau 20, ko te tohu i roto i te heke, me te kore hoatu ingoa hou. taea, maia, taitamariki katoa i kua i roto o taua mea, ahakoa kei te hanga tonu etahi mongamonga he kaitito Symbolist.

Rārangi o kaitito nui, e tohu ana i te tohu i roto i te tuhinga

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• Zinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• Konstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• Viktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• Konstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav Ivanov;
• Alexander poraka;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• Dmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.