Kaupapa here moni: whāinga, whakamāramatanga me ngā ariā

Kei te tipu haere te nuinga e tika ana ki te whakatinanatanga o mana pūtea te whenua o o kaupapa here moni ōhanga State. He aha te mea tona ngako? Nei o ona tikanga he tino noa?

He aha te mea te uho o te kaupapa here moni?

Ko te wā "kaupapa here moni" te nuinga o whakaaro i roto i te horopaki o te Central Bank o te State atu hanganga ranei e rave i te mahi e hāngai ana ki te Central Bank. I roto i ngā, pērā i:

- ture o te mahi o ngā kaupapa o te pūtea pūnaha, te nama mākete;

- raihana o tahatika arumoni;

- te whakahaere o te pikinga;

- whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here moni;

- te whakahaere i te whakahaere o te whakapaipai pūtea o te kāwanatanga.

Kore te ingoa o te ariā - ". Kaupapa here moni" Ngohe o te Central Bank me pūtahi rite, e kua kawea i roto i te tetahi whāinga. A feruri i te mea kia ratou.

Whāinga Kaupapa moni

whāinga matua o te kaupapa here moni, i roto i te whānui, hāngai ki te mahi o te Central Bank o te Russian Federation, e pā ana ki nei kua mea matou ki runga ake. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki taua take rite:

- raunga o pikinga nui;

- te whakarite tiaki pāpori o tangata;

- Whakahaere o pūmatuatanga o nga rāngai matua o te ōhanga;

- te whakarite i te tino pai toenga o utu o te ōhanga ā-motu.

Ēnei whāinga whakatakotoria hoki ratou te tahatika pokapū o te nuinga o nga whenua, tae atu i te Bank o Russia. Ka riro te reira whai hua ki te whai whakaaro te huarahi taketake ki te whakarōpū o nga mahi o te mana pūtea rite kaupapa here moni te whenua o. pea te taua ona whāinga i te wa ano - rite rārangi whakapā kōrero.

Huarahi ki te whakarōpū o kaupapa here moni

Tohunga tautuhi rua ngā momo matua o te kaupapa here moni:

- momo;

- ohaoha.

Ko te momo tuatahi o te kaupapa here moni e hāngai ana te whakatinana i mehua e whakahaere te mahi o ngā pūtahi pūtea - tūmataiti me te tūmatanui, ka tikanga ki te whakawhāiti i te akiaki o ngā mahi nama. Ko te kupu, ko te Central Bank kia, na roto i te te whakatakoto i te nui auau huamoni e tu'unga, whakaongaonga he hua rite i roto i ngā āhuatanga nama i tūmataiti pūtahi pūtea.

I roto i tenei take, tutuki whāinga motuhake o ngā kaupapa here moni. Ko te hunga i, runga ake katoa, te whakaiti o te pikinga, me te whakarato i te pauna pai e tika ana ki te whakaongaonga autaki o whakaiti kawemai. titau hoki momo tirohia o kaupapa here moni, he hua i roto i te pikaunga tāke i runga i ngā pakihi, te whakaiti o fakamolé pūtea, arotautanga o kawemai whakauru.

kaupapa here moni wewete ki te whakaongaonga i te tipu o te mākete nama, he hekenga o te mana i runga i te tohanga o te whakapaipai i roto i te ōhanga, takoha, me moni i runga i loans. tuku iho Central Bank tona auau huamoni matua, ka taea e whakatairanga i te whakatinanatanga o rite mahi i tahatika arumoni.

whaia whāinga kaupapa here moni e tika ana, e rite ana te tikanga, te whai ake:

- he hua i roto i te pūmatuatanga o te ōhanga,

- whakaongaonga mahi ohaoha ,

- arotautanga o te toenga o utu - engari mā te whakanui ake ki tāwāhi.

He aha whakatau te pai rawa o te kāwanatanga o te momo ngā o te kaupapa here moni? Kia pehea te whai i nga kaupapa matua o te kaupapa here moni o te pēke pokapū?

Ka rite ki te tikanga, tei reira ki runga ki te taumata o nāianei o te pūmautanga o te kāwanatanga o te pūnaha pūtea, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te akiaki o te ōhanga rite te katoa. Ki te manakohia ki te whiriwhiri i te rautaki ohaoha kia te ōhanga motu e pā ana ki te whakawhanake, mo te Central Bank: reira te tikanga āwhina ki te whakahohe haumi, whakaongaonga mahi ohaoha i roto i nga tikanga o wāhanga mākete takoto kau.

Ki te te raruraru ōhanga i reira, e ngohengohe ki te huri i te whāinga o te kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga. I roto i tenei take, kia ai taua mea e tika ana ki te whakaiti i te pikinga. Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake matou, whai wāhi te paetae o tenei whāinga ki te kaupapa here moni momo. Ko tōna whakaaro te kupu nuinga whakaata i te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te āhua. Ki te te whakawhanake i te ōhanga motu hihiri - Ka taea te āhuatanga kaupapa here moni e te tahi mau āhuatanga i roto i ngā raruraru - i roto i te tahi atu.

Tētahi atu paearu noa mo te whakarōpū o kaupapa here moni - tauine. Na, tohatoha tikanga kawekawe, me te whiriwhiri o te ture ōhanga. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou ratou i roto i ngā taipitopito.

Ko te āwhata o te kaupapa here moni

Tuatahi o te katoa, he utu te tuhituhi e rua te momo o te kaupapa here moni ako i runga, momo, me te ohaoha reira, ka taea e kia rite ki te katoa, me te whiriwhiri. Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i enei momo huarahi ki te whakahaere i te pūnaha pūtea e tomu'a, kia e te whānuitanga o te mana o nga whakatau e kua riro e te Central Bank.

Na, ki te whakatinana i te Central Bank kaupapa here moni o te katoa-i roto i, ka tono ana whakahau ki pūtahi nama me te pūtea katoa e mahi i roto i te āhua. Whāinga me ngā tikanga o te kaupapa here moni e taea e i roto i tenei take ana ki te hiahia ki te whakaongaonga i te whanaketanga o rāngai matua o te ōhanga, te ao hou, o te hanganga pēke o te kāwanatanga.

Whiriwhiri kaupapa here o pūtea pūtahi kōrero te horapa o te mana o nga whakatau tangohia e te Central Bank, mo te iti te maha o te nama me te pūtahi pūtea. Ko te kupu, ko te Central Bank, na roto i te whakatinana kaupapa here whiriwhiri taea:

- huinga rohe i runga i ngā whakataunga;

- ki te whakatau i te paerewa moni;

- ki te whakatū i paearu mahi takitahi o arumoni pūtahi pūtea.

I roto i tenei take kia waiho te whāinga ki te arotau āhuatanga motuhake pūnaha CB nama kāwanatanga, hanganga utu whakapai ake, whakapai ake o paerewa rite ki nei taurima te momo o whakawhitinga utu.

I roto i te mahi, i te whāinga me ngā whāinga o te kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga, arā, te Central Bank ranei pūtahi ōrite, maha huri. Ko e tika ana ki te huringa tamau i roto i te tukanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua, me te ki waho tenei, ki te mana o ngā āhuatanga pāpori-tōrangapū, hangarau te ahunga whakamua. Ko te kupu, wā kia te Central Bank ngā momo tīpakohia katoa o te kaupapa here moni - e, i roto i ngā ngā raupapa me.

O te akoranga, i roto i etahi wā feunga roa taea te kāwanatanga te whiriwhiri i te kaupapa matua tikanga whakahaere ōhanga, me te whakamahi i ratou kē iti kaha. Otiia ki te huringa nui i roto i te taiao o waho, te pānga o ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū CBA kia whakahou ratou ake huarahi ki te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here moni.

Whai hua e whakaaro nei mea motuhake e ai whakahaere te pēke pokapū nga tukanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua.

Instruments o kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga

economists Modern wehewehe te rārangi e whai ake nei o mea taketake i roto i te pātai:

- te whakatū ture i runga i rāhui o tahatika arumoni;

- whai wāhi CBR i roto i ngā whakawhitinga i runga i ngā whakawhitinga kararehe;

- te whakatūnga o te auau matua;

- ture o nga mahi o pūtahi moni arumoni.

Kia ako ratou tatou i roto i ngā kōrero.

whakaritenga Reserve mō tahatika arumoni

Ko te taputapu tuatahi i roto i te rārangi, kōrero i runga ake, whakaaro te rite tetahi o te kī, no te mea taea reira te pēke pokapū ki te whai i te pānga nui i runga i te putanga me te hiahiatanga o te whakapaipai i roto i te ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. Ko te take i te rōrahi o ona ake rāhui o arumoni kautaha fakapa'anga tika ki te whakatau i te kaha o te pēke mahi moni hinonga. Ki te nga whakaritenga whakaturia e te Central Bank mo te rauemi e tika ana, tiketike, heke mahi o pareparenga i roto i te wāhanga mākete pūtea te. Ka rite ki te hua - pūmatuatanga heke o te ōhanga i ngā o te rāngai tūturu, Heoi, kia whakapiki ake i roto i ngā o te whakapaipai kaha o te rängai pūtea, putunga tangata '.

Tightening whakaritenga rāhui o tahatika arumoni kia tauturu i ki te whakaiti i pikinga me te whakatutuki i ētahi atu whāinga tono kaupapa here moni momo. He he whai hua te taputapu pūrongo i roto i ngā o te whāinga rautaki i roto i te ōhanga?

I roto i te whakaaro o ngā tohunga i runga i tenei mea e rerekē. Ētahi kaitätari whakapono e kia waiho te huringa i roto i ngā ture e pā ana ki ngā whakaritenga rahui he mehua rangitahi, etahi i whakapono kia whakamahi auau te CBR te taputapu e tika ana - ngā noa i roto i nga wa o te raruraru me te papû ore o ngā tukanga i roto i te ōhanga motu.

Whai wāhi i roto i te Bank o whakawhitinga i runga i nga whakawhitinga kararehe

Ko te taputapu e whai ake nei noa o te kaupapa here moni Central Bank - ture o whakawhitinga i runga i nga whakawhitinga kararehe. Hāngai pūtahi pūtea ko te tūāpapa mō te tuwhera kupu. Tae atu te hunga e whai wāhi whakawhitinga i runga i te hoko me te hoko o peeke tukuna e te kāwanatanga, me te hinonga nui e whakahaere i roto i te whenua.

Central Bank i roto i tenei take e taea te waiho i te kaitākaro kaha i roto i te mākete mā te hoko hoko ranei etahi momo o te peeke. Ka rite ki te tikanga whānui, whai wāhi te Central Bank i roto i ngā whakawhitinga, e whakaata ana i te rerekē haere o here kāwanatanga. Ki te hokona e ia a ratou, te auraa e whakatinana ratou whāinga kaupapa here moni whaia ko te hunga e tohu i te huarahi ohaoha ki ture o te ōhanga. E ko, ki te āhua nui ranei kamupene whiwhi whakapaipai i te Central Bank kia whakatika reira ki te haumi i roto i kaupapa hou (utu, arumoni), ki te whakatinana i whakaongaonga te whanaketanga o ngā rāngai.

I roto i tahuri, i te hoko o te peeke e whakaata i te meka e nga whāinga o te kaupapa here moni o te Central Bank e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o te huarahi momo ki te whakahaere o ngā tukanga ohaoha - rite i roto i tenei take, heke te pūmatuatanga mākete.

Te whakatū auau matua

Next taputapu CBA - tautuhinga auau matua. Tenei tohu, rite tuhia i runga matou, whakatau nga tikanga taurewa i runga i te mākete rite te katoa.

Ko te kupu, kia tohu auau CBR matua tiketike e nga whāinga o te kaupapa here moni o te Bank o Russia - hekenga i roto i te akiaki o te pūmatuatanga o etahi rāngai o te ōhanga i te utu o moni tarewa, me te he hekenga i roto i te pikinga. I te wa ano, pāpātanga matua tiketike o te Central Bank, rite ki te tikanga, faaitoito whai tivira o moni i roto i pareparenga i te puka o putunga - i ngä päpätanga huamoni tiketike. Ka rite ki te hua o te whakapiki i pūmatuatanga, i tahuri, nama me ngā rōpū pūtea.

Ko te ture o te whakawhitinga pūtea tahatika arumoni '

Ko tētahi atu aronga nui o te kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga - ture, te whakatūnga o ngā paerewa o tahatika arumoni. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i roto i te hononga ki te meka e kia whakarite i te mana pūtea te pūmautanga o te pūnaha pēke rite tetahi o nga rauemi matua mo te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here moni.

pūtahi tuku moni Commercial takaro te tūranga o te nui pūtahi pūtea o te kāwanatanga. Me ratou ki te whai i te hanganga pūmau me te ki te mahi i roto i runga i nga rekureihana tino - kia e ratou kiritaki, tangata, hinonga me ngā hanganga pūtea, i te whai wāhi ki te whakamahi i ngā ratonga haumaru, me te wātea. Ko te whāinga matua o te kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga whakaaro ano hoki te whakamahi tino kaha o tenei hanganga. mahi CB - whakarite tīaroaro whai hua o tona ture ture, me te whakahoutanga.

kaupapa here moni o te Bank o Russia: te kaupapa matua matua

He mea pai ki te whai whakaaro ki ta nga kaupapa matua o te iwi whānui piri ki te Russian Central Bank i te kaupapa here moni. Runga ake tuhia matou e te Central Bank rite te whare matua pūtea o te kāwanatanga whiriwhiri tetahi te tahi atu huarahi ki te whakahaere i ngā tukanga ohaoha e hāngai ana i runga i te āhuatanga i roto i te ōhanga motu ranei, te āhuatanga tūturu pa ana te whanaketanga o te ōhanga. faaite hoki te parau tumu hāngai te Russian Central Bank.

Tenei whare nama, rite whakaaturanga mahi, ngā rautaki te nuinga momo i roto i te mau taime o te pāheketanga me te ohaoha - ki te tupu o te ōhanga kāwanatanga. Na, i roto i te raruraru o 2008-2009 kua tino nui haere te auau matua o te Central Bank o te Russian Federation: pakanga reira mākete tuku, tino heke te pūmatuatanga o te ōhanga, engari, i te wa ano, i āwhina te nuinga ki te pupuri i te pikinga i te taumata e manakohia. I muri upooti'araa i te raruraru, kua heke te auau matua: oho te Central Bank ki te kaupapa here whakahaere ōhanga ohaoha.

Nā ki te hinga i roto i utu hinu me te pōauautanga Russian o whanaunga ao i roto i te ōhanga Russian i roto i 2015 oho ano ki ōhanga. Central Bank whakaarahia ona auau huamoni matua, me te ki te pupuri i te reira i te nui taumata tiketike tonu. auau pikinga - ki te hamani koe i te reira rite te paearu nui o te whai huatanga o te kaupapa here moni, rite whakaatu nga tatauranga, kei roto i Russia i te taumata e manakohia.

Ano, i kite mātou i roto i economists reira e te whakatata aro mātai rerekē CBR ki te whakahaere i te ōhanga: i reira ko te tirohanga e kia heke te auau matua, me te whakaongaonga moni rite te putanga - whakanui i te taumata o te pūmatuatanga o nga rāngai ngā o te ōhanga ā-motu.

whakarāpopototanga

Ko te kupu, uiuia maua te natura, te whāinga matua me mea o kaupapa here moni, e te kīia hoki ki rite moni. Ko tōna kaupapa matua - te pēke pokapū. Ko ia i roto i te tiaki - pikinga ture, toenga o utu, te auau matua, te ture o te mahi o arumoni pūtahi pūtea e te tākaro hoki i te wāhi tino hira i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa here moni. Tei runga i te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua, i waho, te mana o ngā āhuatanga pāpori-tōrangapū, kia whiriwhiri te Central Bank tetahi ranei te atu rautaki moni, me te taputapu motuhake mo tona whakatinanatanga. I roto i te whānui, whakaata ratou tetahi o e rua huarahi: momo - whakaaro he whakaiti o pūmatuatanga o ōhanga me ona ahumahi matua, ranei ohaoha - āhuatanga e te hiahia o te Central Bank ki te whakaongaonga i te utu hohe o ngā kaiuru mākete whakapaipai.

Ka taea e tetahi huarahi whakakapi atu ki te tika. Hei tauira, te ahua o nga take whai wāhi ki te whakahekenga ohaoha, te whāinga o te kaupapa here moni i roto i Russia, rite ki te tikanga, whakaata i te hiahia o nga mana pūtea ki te whakaiti i roto i te pūmatuatanga o te ōhanga. rite te hua i roto i te pēke reiti matua pokapū titiro reira, i roto i ētahi wā - ki te huri i te whakaritenga rāhui o pūtahi moni arumoni. Ko te taenga atu ano te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te whenua ähuareka te - te Central Bank, rite ki te tikanga, te whakaiti i te auau matua.