Kei hea ko te manokaramu paerewa ao?

e kore te mea he tikanga i tika. Ko te aha katoa i runga i te ao, a ka hanga he pūnaha o ngā ao, ua faaite i roto i te paerewa o te āhuatanga mohiotia katoa o te tangata. Anake tohaina kirokaramu paerewa te i roto i te wae raina. I muri i te katoa, ia anake he tauira tūturu-te ora tinana. He aha te mea te taimaha me te manokaramu paerewa ao puritia i roto i te whenua, ka whakahoki kupu matou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha e hiahia ana tatou paerewa?

Manokaramu, pērā i karaka, hei pauna i te taua i roto i Awherika, a i roto i Russia? Ko te whakahoki, ko te - ae, tata. Na te whakawhetai katoa ki te pūnaha ao o te whakatau i te paerewa tohutoro manokaramu, mita, tuarua, me ētahi atu tawhā tinana. paerewa inenga tika mō te tangata ki te whakarite mahi ohaoha (hokohoko) me te hanga (kotahitanga tuhinga), ahumahi (alloys kotahitanga) me ahurea (te kotahitanga o i'ai wā), me te maha atu mara. A, ki te i roto i te heke mai tata ka whati tou iPhone, he reira pea e tupu tenei no te mea o te huringa i roto i te taimaha o te paerewa papatipu matua.

paerewa History

i ia ao ona ake paerewa me taumata, i muri ia atu i muri i te rau tau. I roto i Ihipa i tahito ra, te papatipu o ngā whanganga i Kantara kikkarah ranei. I roto i te Kariki tawhito, ko reira te taranata, me te moni. A i Russia, te papatipu o te taonga i whanganga i roto i poods spools ranei. Ko te iwi rite rerekē ngā pūnaha ōhanga me te tōrangapū kua whakaae e ka waiho i rite nei ki te kōwae kirimana kotahi te waeine o te inenga o te taimaha, roa, te tahi atu tawhā ranei. He aha te ngā, ara he koia i roto i nga wa onamata taea rerekē e te tuatoru i te kaihokohoko i whenua rerekē.

Ahupūngao me paerewa

He maha waha whakaritenga, a mahi ope tae noa ki taua wa rite kore te te tangata mahi i roto i te pūtaiao taumaha, me te pakihi engineering. Ki te māramatanga o nga ture o te ahupūngao me te matū, te whanaketanga o te ahumahi me te hanga o te kōhua mamaoa me te whanaketanga o te hokohoko ao i reira te mea he hiahia hoki paerewa kākahu tika atu. ko te roa, me te mahi a te mahi faaineine. Physicists, pāngarau, kua mahi pakeke Whārangi katoa i runga i te ao ki te kitea i te paerewa ao. atu tawhā tinana te manokaramu paerewa ao, no te mea ko reira pei te taimaha o te mehua (Amps, Volts, Watts) - Tuatahi, me te tuatahi.

tiriti o te mita

puta te kaupapa nui i roto i nga wahi o waho ake o Paris i 1875. Hoki te wa tuatahi, 17 whenua (a Russia i roto ia ratou) hainatia te Kawenata Mita. Ko te tiriti ao e whakarato kotahitanga o paerewa. whakaaetia teie mahana 55 whenua kia rite ki ngā mema o te tonu, me te 41 ngā mema o te tuarua rite. I te wa ano whakapumautia te International Bureau o Weights me Measures me te Komiti International mō Weights me Measures, te mahi matua o te mea ki te whai i te kotahitanga o te Waeine te ao.

Paerewa o te tairururaa ngahuru tuatahi

kua waiho mita Paerewa he hapu o koranu o konukawata me iridium (9 ki te 1) te roa o e wha tekau ki te kotahi wahi o Paris afaraa. Etalon manokaramu o te koranu taua tuhituhi reta ki te papatipu o rita (decimeters pūtoru) o te wai i te pāmahana o te 4 degrees (kiato rawa) i teitei pēhanga paerewa. ka Paerewa 1/86400 hēkona wahi o te roa o te ra solar toharite. Katoa 17 āhua rōpū ki te-lahí riro he kape o te paerewa.

Z wāhi

Momo me tohutoro taketake rongoa nei i roto i te Whare o Weights me Measures i Sevres, e tata ana Paris. Ko reira i roto i te wahi o waho o Paris, a ko te wahi i reira rongoa te tohutoro te manokaramu kānara mita (luminous), wae iahiko (nāianei), kelvin (pāmahana) me te kamiriona (rite te taonga kōwae, kahore tohutoro tinana). Ko te pūnaha o pauna me mehua, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te tohutoro ono, ka karanga te Pūnaha International o Units (SI). Ko te hītori o ngā paerewa e kore te mea i runga i tenei, kua tika timata ai.

SI

Ko te pūnaha o ngā paerewa e whakamahi tatou - SI (SI), i te Wīwī Systeme International d'Unites - ngā whitu waeine turanga. Tenei mita (te roa), kg (taimaha), wae iahiko (nāianei) kānara (luminous), kelvin (pāmahana), mol (nui o taonga). E whiwhi tahi atu rahinga tinana katoa i ngā tātaitanga pāngarau te whakamahi i te wae taketake. Hei tauira, he kōwae o te kaha kg rite x m / s ^2. whenua katoa, ki te kahore te United States, Nigeria me Myanmar, te whakamahi i te pūnaha SI o inenga, e auraa whakatairite i te rahinga unknown ki te paerewa. He paerewa - te uara tinana ōrite, e kua whakaae katoa e ko te reira tika tino.

Ko te paerewa ko e hia pauna?

e mea he ngāwari - te kara o te 1 kg ko te taimaha o te 1 rita o te wai. Otiia i roto i te meka e kore he pono tenei. He aha ki te hanga o te manokaramu paerewa o e pā ana ki 80 Momo - ko rawa matatini te pātai. Otiia i te tupono noa i tīpakohia te pai hanganga kōwhiringa koranu, i roa neke atu i te 100 tau. taimaha Paerewa manokaramu hanga o te koranu o te konukawata (90%) me te iridium (10%), me te rango nei diameter he rite ki te tiketike, me te ko te 39.17 mitamano. I hanga ano tona tauira, te maha o 80 nga wahi. Tārua o te manokaramu paerewa E tū ana ratou i roto i whenua whai wāhi i roto i te Kawenata. Ko te rongoa te tohutoro matua i roto i nga wahi o waho ake o Paris, a mahi e toru capsule hiri. Ko te wahi i te manokaramu paerewa, i wā tū he houhanga rongo ki te taumata ao tino nui i roto i te tekau tau.

Ko te taumata matua

Ko te manokaramu paerewa ao i maka i roto i 1889 me te rongoa i roto i Sevres i France i roto i te haumaru o te International Bureau o Weights me Measures, hipoki ki toru potae raru o te karaihe. Kī i te haumaru e reira e toru anake pokapū nui-rangatira. Āpiti atu ki te e tu'unga matua i roto i te haumaru ko reira me ana Ētahi ono riiwhi ranei. Ia tau, te mehua matua o te taimaha tangohia e te rite te manokaramu paerewa, tino nekehia hoki whakamātautau. Na nga tau e whiwhi i te reira kikokore me te kikokore. Ko te take mō tenei mate taimaha - whāwhā ngota wehenga i roto i te tangohanga.

putanga Russian

Ko te kape o te paerewa i roto i Russia. i pupuri ia i te Institute o Metrology Research. Mendeleev i St Petersburg. Ko te tauira taketake rua konukawata-iridium enei - № 12 me te tau 26. E tū ratou i runga i te turanga o te kiripaka, hipoki ki te domes karaihe e rua, ka hipoki i roto i te maitai haumaru. pāmahana rangi i roto i te capsule 20 ° C, haumākū 65%. tauira Domestic he taimaha o te 1 000 000 087 kirokaramu.

Kei te ngaro kirokaramu Paerewa taimaha

Manatokonga o te paerewa whakakitea e te tika o nga paerewa motu o te tikanga o te 2 micrograms. Kua puritia katoa o ratou i raro i tikanga ōrite, me te whakaatu tātaitanga e te rau tau manokaramu paerewa ngaro taimaha 3 x 10 ^-8 taimaha. Heoi, i te whakamāramatanga, te papatipu o te paerewa ao e ōrite ana ki te 1 manokaramu, me tetahi huringa i roto i te mata paerewa papatipu tūturu ki te huringa o te uara o kirokaramu. I roto i te 2007, ka reira mārama e timata te puoto manokaramu ki te paunatia 50 micrograms iti. Na haere tonu te whakaiti o tona taimaha.

hangarau hou, me te mehua paerewa hou o te taimaha

Hei whakakore i hapa ko rapu i te hanganga hou o te manokaramu paerewa. He whanaketanga i roto i te whakamāramatanga o te paerewa o te nui etahi o te takawai-28 kanoirite. He he he kaupapa "kirokaramu Electronic." Ko te Institute Motu o Paerewa me Hangarau (2005, USA) hangaia te pūrere e hāngai ana i runga i nga inenga mana e tika ana ki te hanga i tētahi mara hiko e taea whakaara 1 kg. Ko te tika o taua inenga - 99.999995%. He he he whanaketanga o te whakamāramatanga o te papatipu i roto i te pā ana ki te papatipu te iramoe toenga o. ka tauturu i enei whanaketanga katoa me hangarau neke atu i here ki te papatipu paerewa tinana ki te whakatutuki i tika teitei me te taea o te houhanga rongo ki hea i roto i te ao.

Ētahi atu kaupapa whaihua

A, i te mea kei atu pono te ao te marama o te pūtaiao e faaoti e ara ki te whakaoti i te raruraru, kua whakaaro te kaupapa tino whaihua i roto i nei e kore e te papatipu huri i runga i te wā. I roto i tenei tohutoro pai ngota cubical tinana o te waro-12 kanoirite ki te teitei o 8.11 henimita. Tenei kupiki ka kia 2250 x 281 489 633 ngota 12-waro. Kairangahau i te United States o Paerewa me te Hangarau National Institute whakahere tautuhi manokaramu paerewa, te whakamahi i a Panēke tamau me te tātai E = mc ^ 2.

pūnaha ngahuru Modern

e kore e te taua i i mua paerewa Modern. Mita te tīmatanga fakafekau'aki ki te paenga o te ao i teie mahana hāngai ki te tawhiti e whakawhānui te kurupae marama i roto i te kotahi 299792458 th tuarua. Ko te tuarua - ko te wa i roto i nei haere 9192631770 wiri o te ngota caesium tenei. Hua o Quantum tika i roto i tenei take, ko te kitea, no te mea e taea te ratou te takaro ki hea i roto i te ao. Ka rite ki te hua, anake te paerewa e vai i te pae tino, tonu kirokaramu paerewa.

Kia pehea te nui Ko te paerewa?

Ka vai mo neke atu i te 100 tau, he kua te paerewa he rota, rite te kaupapa, me te artifact ahurei. I roto i te whānui, ki te whakatau i te ōrite te utu ki te tatau i te maha o ngā ngota ia kirokaramu o te koura parakore. Ko te tokomaha whiwhi i te tikanga o te 25 tau, me tenei kahore tango ki pūkete te uara wä o te artifact. Otiia i te hoko o te manokaramu paerewa wawe rawa, no te mea te hapori ao kua kore ano whakakahoretia o te pūnaha anake e toe tinana paerewa ao o ngā waeine.

fifili ahau e pā ana ki inenga

I roto i ngā rohe wā katoa o te wa ao tautuhia UTC te whanaunga ki te wa te ao (hei tauira, UTC + 4: 00). Noatia, i reira he kahore whakapotonga i roto i deciphering whāngai reira i roto i 1970 i te International Telecommunication Union. i patua ana E rua ngā kōwhiringa: English CUT (Universal Wā ruruku) me te tức Wīwī (Temps Universel Coordonné). whiriwhiri tatou i te whakarāpopototanga toharite kūpapa.

whakamahia Moana inenga "kōpuku". Ki te whanganga i te tere o te kaipuke te whakamahi i takamuri motuhake ki kōpuku i te tawhiti ano, maka nei te moana, a ka kiia te maha o ngā kōpuku i roto i te wā wa i homai. Ko nui atu mātanga atu i te taura ki te knots taputapu Modern, engari kua mau i te ingoa.

Kupu kakato, te uara o e pū tino me te tika, ko te reira i roto i te reo o te ingoa o te paerewa taimaha Kariki tawhito - pohopā. i rite ki te 1.14 karamu ia, a ka whakamahia mō te taimaha moni hiriwa.

Ingoa o te moni maha mai i roto i te ingoa o mehua taimaha. Ko te kupu, i roto i te UK huaina hiriwa moni moni, a paunatia taua moni 240 lbs. I roto i te oma Rus tahito i "hiriwa hryvnia" "hryvnia koura" e te tikanga he maha etahi o moni, ranei faaite rite ōrite taimaha.

Ke mana inenga waka horsepower he takenga tino tūturu. Ko te ihi o te pūkaha mamaoa Dzheyms Uayt i pera faaoti ki te whakaatu i te painga o te tenenga o te waka te umeraa. tatau ia te nui te hoiho e taea te tiki ake i te taonga i te kau, me te te whakaritea ai rite te tau kotahi horsepower.