Kia pehea te rerekē huaina ai ko te hua: Agriculture, fitotehniya, agronomy?

Crop production - te peka tino nui o te ahuwhenua, e hua 70% o te taupori tapeke pau kai. ngā tipu me te puawai whakapaipai, me te hōtoke whakapaipai nga whare tata wāhi, wanihi e. E whakamahia tokomaha ngā mema o te tipu rite ahumahi, ho'oraa me te whakakakara raw mōkai kai. Kia pehea te rerekē i huaina ko te hua, pukapuka, pukapuka pūtaiao, me te rongonui, me buka? E hua ana tënei pātai i roto i kura, ngā ākonga whare wānanga me te ngaio mahi i roto i te rerekē rāngai o te ōhanga. Kia kitea tatou i te mea rerekē i tēnei mahi te runga i tona ingoa ki nga tenetere.

He aha te mea te ingoa hua?

Ko te whakawhiti ki te ora tuturu - te kaupapa tino nui i roto i te hapori i tahito ra. He ko he puna atu pono o kai atu i te kohikohi o hua me purapura i roto i te natura. I roto i Europe, mō ngā rau tau he pata, wā e taputapu tahito mō te māra oneone nga hua ahuwhenua matua. Explorers, haere, kawea kaihokohoko tipu hou: citrus, merengi, huawhenua, rīwai. I te timatanga o te rau tau XX ko tau XXI kua hua i roto i ngā tikanga matatau o kai me te maara o te tipu. Crop hanga ki te huri i te aroaro o to tatou kanohi tonu. Whakamahi o hangarau hou i ngā wāhanga katoa o te ahuwhenua. I roto i nga mara o te mahi, ngaki hou me mīhini hauhake.

Tahuri nga whārangi o papakupu me ngā pukapuka tohutoro, ka taea e koe te ako pehea rerekē i huaina ko te hua, he aha te mea te pū o tenei peka o te ahuwhenua. Ko te putanga rerekē ko te ngā:

• ahuwhenua;
• mara;
• hua;
• Ahuwhenua (i te kupu Kariki "Agros" - "mara");
• fitotehniya;
• agronomy.

Ahuwhenua - te pūtake o te hua

ngā mahi Practical mō te whakatipu kai i runga i ngā raraunga i te maha o sciences: koiora, te matū, rauropi. Tono mōhiotanga o te whakarōpū huaota, āhuatanga oneone, hangarau māra. I roto i "Te Encyclopedia Oti o Russian Agriculture me Sciences i roto i whakapā ki a ia," i whakaputaina i roto i Russia (1900-1912), ka karanga te ahumahi katoa te agronomy. I roto i te "ahu whenua Russian Fika", ētita e VG whakamārama hoki Nyquist (1913) te ingoa o tētahi atu hua - fitotehniya. Neke atu i te te rau tau mua i hanga e etahi āhuatanga o te ahumahi:

• ahuwhenua pū - production o pata (witi, raihi, te witi), hangarau (putirā, huka kakaho, miro), hua pewa te;
• huawhenua - tipu tipu kari (kāpeti, aniana, pepa, tōmato, me te tahi atu);

• ahuone - te maara o hua pome, hua kohatu, karepe, me hua atu;
• tipu whakapaipai;
• puawai;
• Marehekepa;
• ngahere.

tohunga Agricultural whakawhanake ngā tikanga ahuwhenua me te momo hua, te whakapai ake tikanga māra oneone, te hanga hybrids me ngā puka e te hunga ātete ki mate me pests. take raruraru i roto i te rängai e ki te whakaiti i ngā utu, whakaiti ti'aturiraa i runga i ngā āhuatanga taiao.

Whakakahanga o te hanga hua

Kei te whakawhanake World ahuwhenua hihiri. hua nui ake, te kounga hua, e whakaurua hangarau ahumahi. Kia pehea te rerekē i huaina ko te hua e ko atu haamana'oraa o te production ahumahi? te wā atu nuitia whakamahia katoa "tikanga ahuwhenua." Kai tā te whakamahi o te maha o ngā rautaki:

• ngaki;
• tono o te kohuke me maniua organic;
• faaineineraa o purapura, rauemi whakatō;
• ruinga me te whakatō;
• tiaki o māra e hāngai ana i runga i nga āhuatanga koiora o te tipu, te tikanga huarere o te wa;
• kotinga.

"Basic Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o pāmu takoto i roto i te meka i riro te oneone te hoki nga mea katoa i tangohia e ia" - tuhituhi kaiwhakarewa o matū ahuwhenua Hutuha von Liebig. I runga i nga kitenga o nga pūtaiao me te mahi o te ao mara-hua pūnaha tiaki rauemi me te oneone e hāngai "bandpass» (Strip-noa), «iti» (Mini-Kia) me "kore» (Nou-noa) ngaki. Kei te angitu whakamahia ratou i roto i te United States, Germany, Russia, Ukraine me te maha o nga kawanatanga Canadian. Hangarau hāngai ana ki te tiaki o te oneone, pūngao ora. Manufacturers o rauemi mata ahuwhenua whakawhanake tukatuka me te hoko o ngā hua i runga i te "mara - production - te counter." Rawa nui ko tenei parau tumu i roto i te whakatipu kai organic.

mahuri poutū

He tikanga whai hua o te whakatipu kai, kahore te oneone. Hoki tenei whakaaro, whakamahia te wai, kei roto i tona hanganga i te matūkai tika. Kia pehea te rerekē huaina reira ko te hua e kore e rapua e te oneone? Ko te tikanga āhua hou o te whakaputa i te hua tenei - Hydroponics. I roto i te Kariki tikanga whakamahi o "mahi otinga".

hua ahumahi, e hāngai ana i runga i Hydroponics, puta ngā tata. e pā ana Ko tōna tohatoha i te waeine tōtika tiketike e taea te whakanohoia i runga i ia atu, te hanga māra poutū me uru huarākau. He momo rerekē o te ranunga kai matūkai ki te pakiaka o te tipu. He maha ngā painga te tikanga. Titau iti wāhi mo te hanga, iti iho kino ki tukumate oneone kawea mate, ngārara me kutukutu. Ka taea te tāpiri i te wai mahi ki matū e whakatere te tupu o ture te roanga o te tupu me te maoa.

Agriculture, floriculture me te hauora

Ko te hangarau o whiwhi hua kai e whakamahia whānuitia pa matū, kaiao (koiora kua). Ko tētahi o nga raruraru ko te whakamahi o maniua hauota, e arata'i ki te haaputuputuraa i roto i huawhenua, hua, merengi pūhui carcinogenic - pūhau. pānga tōraro i runga i te mana hauora o te taupori i roto i te whakamahi o te puku o te tahi atu Agrochemicals. I roto i ia whenua, whakapumautia tikanga o ratou tono, te aroturuki nei e ratonga phytosanitary.

He aronga te fafau he ahuwhenua organic. Ki ona taonga (māori, taiao) whakaritenga teitei. umanga ahuwhenua me kaimahi e kore e whakamahi i ngā matū waihanga me GMOs i te maara o te tipu, i te tukatuka o ngā rauemi mata mō te kai.

Tohanga o matū he ngohengohe ki te kaupapa i raro i pāmu tūturu.

I tēnei wā, kaipūtaiao ahuwhenua me ngā whakapai ake ratou tikanga production. Whānui tohatoha hangarau rorohiko mana te kounga o ngā hua ahuwhenua, te whakawhanake tikanga matüora me ira ki te whakapai ake i te wātea i te mate o ngā tipu. Kei te hoko te reira i hua taiao-hoa atu rongonui, rawa i roto i te ao whakawhanakehia.