Ko te diameter hauwai rāpoi ngota, te hanganga tātai. He aha te mea te papatipu o te rāpoi ngota hauwai?

I te tau taka pūmotu 1 Ko te tuhaa tino noa i roto i te ao - hauwai. Ko tōna tohatoha i roto i te ōrau he tata ki te 75%. Raro ona tirotiro tuhia i roto i ngā papa kōhauhau - 0,0001%. Kei kirinuku o te whenua 1% i te taimaha o te hau. kī ona te nui rahi i roto i te wai: 12%. I to tatou paraneta, ko reira te toru o nga huānga matū tino noa.

Whakaahuatanga huānga

He rāpoi ngota hauwai, tona tātai ko N-H ranei H2, e hua ana ki te ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū.

Hauwai Ko te hau kore e riro kahore tae, kahore kakara. Wāhi o hauwai i roto i te Ripanga 1 i runga i te wahi e tika ana ki te meka i roto i ngā tūkunga, kia whakaatu tenei huānga iho rite te whakarewa rite te hau ranei. I ona orbitals irahiko waho ko te 1, e taea te hoatu hauwai (āhuatanga whakarewa) ranei te tango i tetahi atu (hau te kounga).

He rite ki te 27 nm te diameter o te rāpoi ngota hauwai.

Diameter 1A he hauwai ngota, te pūtoro - 0, 41 A.

āhuatanga

Ko te tinana ngā te whai ake:

1. wāhi e koropupu - 256 ° ^C.
2. ira whakakoero: -259,2 ^° C
3. te papatipu rangi (D) - 0.069.
4. Ko ruarua wairewa i roto i te wai hauwai.

Ko nga āhuatanga matū e whai ake:

1. rāpoi Nonpolar here i waenganui i te matūriki he pūngao o 436 kJ / mol.
2. Thermal pāmahana dissociation ko 2000 ° ^C.
3. tauhohe te reira ki:

• kōnakonako;
• hāora;
• whanariki;
• hauota;
• waikura nitric;
• konganuku hohe.

Ko te āhua o ngā āhuatanga, puta hauwai e rua i roto i te puka māori, me te i roto i te puka o te kanoirite protium, Deuterium me tritium.

hanganga rāpoi

huānga rāpoi ngota he hanganga ohie. māngai te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota hauwai e rua ngota e ūngutu ki te hanga i te here kotuari kore-neke, me te kotahi rua irahiko. Ko te hanganga o te ngota e 1 pai whakatupato karihi, huri noa i neke kotahi irahiko tōraro i ako. Kei tēnei irahiko kei i runga i te orbital 1s.

H - + H = 1e he pai tenei katote hauwai.

Tenei faaiteraa tohu e he tawhā rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te rōpū 1 o te pūnaha wā e he konganuku alkali (lithium, konutai, pāhare pāporo) hauwai, homai he irahiko kotahi i roto i te waho orbital.

H + H = 1e tōraro katote hauwai.

E whakaatu ana tēnei whārite e he rite ki ngā āhuatanga rite o Rōpū 7, e e taea ki te farii i te hau, me te irahiko ngaro i roto i tona taumata irahiko waho hauwai. Taua hau ngā: fluoro, chloro, bromo, etc ..

Ko te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota hauwai e kauwhata aroaro ake nei.

Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i te ngā ngota hauwai r = 0,74 A, i te moni o te pūtoro orbital ko 1,06 A. pānga te reira i te hohonu o te īnaki o kapua irahiko me te roa, here hauwai pūmau.

Ko te tino taketake i roto i te āhua ngota te ngota hauwai. iraoho rahi karihi he 10.5 A, me te diameter o tetahi ngota ko 0.1 nm.

kanoirite rāpoi i te hanganga motuhake. ngā Protium karihi ngota o tetahi anake iraoho. kanoirite Denoted: 1H.

rite te matatini o te iraoho me te iramoe (2H) titiro hanganga Nuclear.

3H - tritium - i roto i tona hanganga ngota farii te ki te karihi o te 1 iraoho me rua ngā iramoe.

taimaha

I roto i te pūtaiao i reira he tātai e whakatatau, i te mea e rite ana ki te papatipu o te rāpoi ngota hauwai. Ki te whakaute ki te huānga tautuhi papatipu rāpoi, me te ngota.

tātai papatipu titiwha o te rāpoi ngota hauwai e te tātai whānui:

M = m / n, kei hea m - ko te papatipu o te taonga, n - ratou maha.

papatipu ngota rite ki te 1.008 amu Nā tēnei, he rite ki te 1,008 ano te taimaha o te rāpoi ngota whanaunga. Mai ngā te rāpoi ngota hauwai o rua ngota, ko te taimaha ngota whanaunga 2.016 he. e. m. faaite te taimaha o te rāpoi ngota hauwai e i roto i karamu ia kamiriona (g / mol).

Ko te uara o ka puta noa

Ko te mea tino nui i roto i te natura, e hanga he matatini ki hauwai i roto i te hāora, ko te wai. Water - te puna o te ora, na te hauwai - ko reira he konga mahu'inga.

O te 100% o nga āhuatanga matū katoa e hanga ake te organismal reo 1/10 o, 10% ranei, kiia hoki hauwai. I tua atu ki te wai, he mea e taea ki te mau tonu te hanganga quaternary o te pūmua, i te mea ka taea e tika ana ki te here hauwai.

Ko te parau tumu o te kïnakitanga o waikawa karihi e hoki wahi ki te pānga o ngā rāpoi ngota hauwai. whai wāhi te H tipu pūtau i roto i te tukanga o te ahotakakame, te biosynthesis, i roto i te whakawhitinga pūngao i runga i te awa membrane.

tono

I roto i te ahumahi matū, he whānui hāngai hauwai. Kei te tapiritia te reira i roto i te hanga o ngā hua kirihou, hanga hopi, me te haukini me te menthol production.

ahumahi kai: i roto i te waihanga o ngā hua kai, kua tapiritia te hauwai rite te E949 tāpiri kai. Ka taea te kite taua wāhanga i runga i te tākai o te mātiarīni, ngā hinu huawhenua. E949 tāpiri tukua e te ahumahi kai o te Russian Federation.

I kotahi wāhi hauwai i roto i te ahumahi aeronautics, rite te taonga he māmā ake i te hau. Na, i roto i nga 30raa o te rau tau whakamutunga, tenei momo o te hau ki tonu poihau me mua. Ahakoa tona utu iti me te noho pai o te whakamahi, hohoro mutu hauwai te whakamahi i rite te filler, rite nga take o pahūtanga rererangi.

I teie mahana, whakamahia hau te rite wahie whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi Aerospace. Heoi, tona tono whakaaro tikanga mo engines i roto i waka pāhihi, taraka, no te mea e kore e te huānga i roto i ngingiha emit ki te huru o poke kino, a na reira ko taiao.

puta tētahi wāhanga wāhi o kanoirite hauwai i te hanganga o te maha taero. whakamahia Deuterium te i roto i te rangahau pharmacological ki te whakatau i te whanonga, me ngā pānga o te raau taero i roto i te tinana. whakamahia Tritium te i roto i te radiodiagnosis rite huānga tautuhi tauhohe matüora whākōkī pūkoro. Hauwai ko te mema, i te mea he waipatu.