Ko te Congress o Berlin i te 1878

Angitu piro me te akina nga Balkans hōia Russian i roto i te whawhai Russian-Turkish, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te tau 1877-1878, i akina atu te kāwanatanga Turkish ki te unga ratou ake māngai ki te kāti whawhai. Ko te hua ko te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Berlin.

I raro i nga ngā o Tiriti o San Stefano hoki kua hanga i te āhua motuhake - te Bulgaria Great, atu i te Moana Black ki te nei rohe Īsiní. a Turkey ki te unu i ona ropu katoa i reira. Hoki Russia e hoki whenua rohe Akkerman o Bessarabia, i i tangohia atu i roto i 1856 i te Paris rangimarie Tiriti, me te rohe Izmail. I tua atu, e whakarato ana te reira mo te utunga o nga utu o te whawhai. Heoi, e kore kua te Berlin Congress homai te wāhi ki te kawe i roto i ngā āhuatanga tuatahi katoa i roto i Russia.

I roto i Ingarangi me Austria-Hungary meinga taua tikanga riri tino. Mai ko te hopu o Constantinople me nga Straits he moe roa-tu o Ingarangi, e kore ia e nehenehe e aufau ki te tiki i mua o ratou Russian. I tua atu, wehi te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi e ka tauturu i te whakaurunga o Bulgaria i te ao o te mana Russia hei he kaha nui Mediterranean. I hohoro kauwhautia te reira e kore e haere te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi te ki te whakaae i te ngā rangimarie tika.

I tangohia te taua tūranga, me te mauahara i Avsto Hungary, ka anga ki te neke ngā hōia ki te rohe Russian. Fakataha ki Ingarangi, ka ui ratou te whakawhiti o ngā take whakaaro "nga turanga tuatahi katoa o te rangimarie" ki te Berlin Congress i te amuiraa te ao. kitea Russia ano i roto i te āhuatanga pau, no te mea kei te malu'aki whawhai ki Ingarangi taea arahi ki hopearaa catastrophic, me o tumanako mo te tautoko o Germany i roto i noa, ahakoa te meka e ko te reira whakakiki a Bismarck Russia ki te whawhai ki a Turkey. Ko te hua o ēnei āhuatanga ko te Congress o Berlin, i i huihui i roto i 1878.

Pipiri 13, i whakatuwheratia 1878 International Congress i Berlin. hanga nga kaiuru nga whenua e whai ake nei: Russia, Germany, Ingarangi, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Italy, te Balkan States me France. "Tōku" Kua whakamana, o te akoranga, Bismarck.

Ko tino kukū te pakanga takawaenga. Tiriti o Berlin i taea ki te haina i tetahi noa marama i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te amuiraa.

Ahakoa te meka e kua whakaritea nga wāhanga matua o te whakatau o te Congress i te kawenata Anglo-Russian, kihai i āta tāutuhia rohe o Bulgaria. Ko te tino nui mō ngā mema katoa o Congress tenei ira, rite i nga whitinga Balkan faufaa rautaki nui.

Ingarangi, a ki reira, a Austria-Hungary, e kore hanga waho te tautoko o Tiamana kua tino huringa i roto i te tikanga o te tiriti San Stefano, engari ko reira tino disadvantageous mo te iwi Slavic. Tiriti o Berlin i e ka waiho i te Bulgarian kawanatanga ahakoa motuhake, engari he pononga, territorially iti e nga maunga Bulgarian. Ko te wahi tonga o te mana motuhake wāhanga riro i toe i te wahi o te Ottoman Empire. Tētahi atu hua ko te hokinga o Makeronia raro te ture o Turkey.

whakapumautia te Congress o Berlin i 1878 te rangatiratanga o Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. Kua riro Austria-Hungary i te mutunga o nga whiriwhiringa te tika ki te noho Pōngia me Herekowina, a i waenganui o nga whenua o enei whenua whakaurua nga hoia Austro-Hungarian. Ko te kupu, hiahia nga mana ki te aukati i te tapaia o te āhua tata Slav. Mana ki runga i te rohe o Montenegro whakarato hoki te Austro-Hungarian Empire. Ngā, e kua utaina ki runga ki Turkey, hinga ki te 300 miriona. Moni. ka Russia, hoki ano anake Kardagan, Batum ko Kars Bajazet ki Turkey.

redrew Berlin Congress te mahere o te Balkan Peninsula , a ko te kupu i hoatu ara ki pakanga maha i runga i tenei wahi o te whenua atu i kua hë te āhuatanga ao whānui. Ahakoa i muri kihai i mutu i te whakaoranga o te āhua Balkan ki he ao i roto i nei tāwhai te mana nui Pākehā.