Ko te hanganga matū o ngā pūtau

I kitea te reira e te tinana tangata, ko te tonu hakari, me te waru tekau-ono āhuatanga o te ripanga pūmotu. Rua tekau-rima wae e tika ana ki te paturu i te ora, e tino tika ma waru o nei, me te whitu - e whai hua.

Taua matū huānga pūtau rite hauota me te hauwai, te waro me te hāora noho e pā ana ki 98% o tona taimaha. He iti rawa te ihirangi o te tahi atu wāhanga. Hei tauira, he reira i roto i te nui o 0.15-0.2% whanariki, me te pūkete te konutawa mō% 0,000001 anake.

Matū pūtau ngā rāpoi ngako, waikawa karihi, te warowaihā, pūmua, te hauhā, te hāora, me te wai. Tellingly, i roto i te āhua popohe, enei wāhanga katoa huihui te wahi ki te kia kitea.

waikawa karihi ngā i roto i te hanganga matū o ngā pūtau, ko te tapahanga o te waikawa ribonucleic me deoxyribonucleic. DNA me te RNA - kaitiaki ira (tuku) raraunga.

whakarato pūmua te oraraa o te pūtau, me, i roto i te tua, whai wāhi ki te mahi o ratou mahi. kiia pūmua tĭtĭ mo te hawhe o te taimaha pūtau maroke.

E tito ēnei pūhui nui-rāpoi o ngā waikawa amino. ki here tinana, me te matū i waenganui i nga waikawa amino Nā e whakaritea te pūmua compactly roto te pūtau.

Ko te tuatahi hanganga o te pūmua puta rite te kakawaea. I muri (rite ariā) hanga he Tuarua (rite te tōrino), na te hanganga wānanga, rite ki te fibril (aho) globule (heitiki) ranei. A, no te whakakotahi e rave rahi rāpoi roto ratou i te tauhohe i ratou ki rāpoi kore-proteinaceous ranei puta hanganga quaternary. Hei tauira, te hanga e pūtoto rāpoi ngota. Kei a ia ko globin (he pūmua), te wāhanga o heme nonprotein takenga kei roto rino.

I roto i runga ki te whakaaro o te pūmua koiora e wehea ki e toru ngā kāwai. no whākōkī ki te rōpū tuatahi. Ko ratou kaiwhakakökï koiora o te tauhohe matū. Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā neurotransmitters, hormones, me ētahi atu "motuhake" pūmua. I te toru o te rōpū he rāpoi hanganga. He tika hoki te whakahou ratou, ka whakahoki i te āhuatanga ngā i roto i te hanganga matū o ngā pūtau.

Ko te kiriuhi ngā o phospholipids (rāpoi ngako). whai wāhi Fats ki te tiaki o te wera, ka rite ki te insulator wera. Tino ratou faufaa i roto i te faaineineraa o te wai. I kitea te reira e ka tahu i te manokaramu o ngako whiwhi kirokaramu me kotahi rau karamu o te wai. I tua atu, enei wähanga ngako ngā i roto i te hanganga matū o te pūtau, ko te puna pūngao mahuinga ia.

hua Energy te me hoki warowaihā, te nuinga te kūhuka me tona polymer - glycogen. Heoi, ko reira ia tapao e te uara pūngao i te ngako ono nga wa neke atu i taua o te glycogen. I te wa ano ona whenua rāhui i roto i te uaua, me te ate ki te toru tekau nga wa iti.

Kei te whakaurua hoki te wai i roto i te hanganga matū o ngā pūtau. Kei te kitea te reira i e ara i roto i te tohu (te kikokiko faingataa i roto i te tinana) kei tekau ōrau te wai. I roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtau i roto i te kaute H2O mō te whitu tekau ki te waru tekau ōrau i roto i ngā pūtau wheua, tona rua tekau ōrau.

Kei te mohiotia te wai, he whakarewa ao. Ki te whai wāhitanga o H2O i hanga thermotaxis. Hoki, puta reira nga tauhohe pūtau matüora katoa. Water tautuhi maha ngā āhuatanga ōkiko. Hei tauira, whakaturia te elasticity, rōrahi, me te tahi atu āhuatanga. I tua atu, he kaha whai wāhi i roto i te tango o ngā hua paitini, ngā matūkai waka, te hāora, me te tahi atu mea wai, whai wāhi ai ki te pākia.

I roto i te tukanga o te faafariuraa pūngao i roto i te pūtau tukua ki te hāora. Ko te kaihoko oxidizing tūturu puai. Ko tētahi o te mutunga-hua o te tukupūngao pūtau he te hauhā.