Ko te hītori o te tāruru Russian. Petra Velikogo Fleet

Russia - kāwanatanga continental, engari te roa o ona rohe, whiti te mata wai ko 2/3 o ratou te roa tapeke. Ancient Russian taea te haere i runga i nga moana, a i taea ki te whawhai i te moana, engari ko te iho manuao pono o to tatou whenua i reira e pā ana ki 300 nga tau tau.

Tonu tautohetohe e pā ana ki te kaupapa ngā rā ranei, i nei mea putake te hītori o te tāruru Russian. He mārama ki te katoa Kotahi te mea - tupu te reira i roto i te tau o Petra Velikogo.

Ko te ngā tuatahi

Whakamahia te awa ki te neke i te ope patu i roto i te whenua, te wahi i awa nga ara kōrero matua, ka anga te Russian he wa roa i mua. Whakahua i te ara rongonui "i nga Vikings ki nga Kariki" haere hoki tenetere. Mō te pakanga "lodev" Prince Oleg ki maongoonga Constantinople tito.

Wars Aleksandra Nevskogo ki nga Swedes me nga Crusaders Tiamana i tetahi o nga whāinga matua o taputapu whakataunga Russian tata te mangai o te Neva, ki e taea ki te wewete i whakatere i roto i te Moana Baltic.

I roto i te tonga, i te pakanga mo te Moana Black ki te Tatars me Turkey ko te Zaporozhye ko Don mua. Ratou rongonui "karoro" i roto i te 1350 pai huakina, ka horo Ochakov.

Ko te tuatahi Russian manuao "Eagle" hanga i roto i 1668 i runga i te awa o Oka i te kainga o Dedinovo i tikanga o te Hiha Alexei Mikhailovich. Ko faahepohia tona whanautanga tūturu o te kaipuke Russian te ki moemoea me te i pai ai o tana tama - Pita te nui.

moemoea Kāinga

I te tuatahi ko te kuao kingi tika pai rere i runga i te poti iti i kitea i roto i te whare witi i roto i te kainga o Izmailovo. I takoha tenei kaipuke 6-mita e tona papa, Kei te rongoa nei i roto i te Naval Museum o St Petersburg.

ka mea te kingi heke mai muri e i reira, a Taketake te Russian Imperial Navy, a huaina ia "ruau o te Russian Fleet". Pita ia whakahokia ana e whai i nga rangatira o te whakataunga German, no te mea kihai i ana Norevetia ariki i roto i Moscow.

A, no te mea kua riro te emepera i mua nei i roto i te 17 tau i te rangatira tūturu, ka anga ia ki te ite pono e kore e taea e Russia whakawhanake i waho te hononga ōhanga, pūtaiao, me te ahurea ki Europe, a he moana nga tikanga pai o te kōrero.

tangata Nakawhiti, me te pākiki, rapu Pita ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē. Tona riri rahi ko te ariā, me te mahi o te pahi, i ako ia i te Tatimana, Tiamana me rangatira Ingarihi. titiro keria e ia ki te taketake o te cartography, ako ahau ki te whakamahi i ngā pūrere whakatere.

Ko te pūkenga tuatahi i timata ia ki te haumi i roto i te hanga o "whakangahau kahupapa" Pleshcheyevo roto i Pereslavl tata Yaroslavl. I roto i te Pipiri 1689 i reira i te shipyards i kohia karetao "Fortune", 2 frigates iti me te yacht.

Waiho ki te moana

Rapa whenua nui, ko wai i te ono o te papatipu whenua o te whenua, Russia mutunga XVII-rau iti iho i te i roto i te tahi atu whenua i taea titau ki te waiho i te mana moana. Ko hoki reira he kōrero o te pakanga mō te whai wāhi ki moana o te ao - te hītori o te tāruru Russian. He nga ara e rua i roto i ki te wāhi moana - rua "bottleneck": te Gulf o Finland me Moana Baltic, i whakahaerehia he kaha Sweden, a puta noa i te Moana Black, i roto i te kuiti Straits o nga Dardanelles, i ko i raro i te mana o te Ottoman Empire.

Ko te ngana tuatahi ki te aukati i te marau o Crimean Tatars me Turkey i runga i nga rohe tonga, a ka ki te takoto i te turanga mo te pakaruhanga heke mai ki te Moana Black i hanga e Pita i te 1695. Pa o Azov, kei i te mangai o te Don, kua turia patua e ope hōia Russian, a kahore hoki te whakapaenga pūnahanaha i kaha nui, e kore e nui te moni ki te tapahia te supply o matā ki te Turkey karapotia e te wai. Na reira, ki te faaineine no te pakanga i muri, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te kaipuke.

kaipuke Azov

Pita ki pūngao tuatahi anga te hanga o kaipuke. Kua neke atu i te 25,000 kaimahi peia ki te mahi i roto i te shipyards i roto i te Faahuru-me i te awa o Voronezh. E ai ki nga tauira kawea i ki waho, i raro i te mātakitaki o rangatira ke fabricated i 23 he kaipuke te hoenga (pakeke mahi), 2 waka tere nui (tetahi o ratou - 36-pū "Apostol Potr"), neke atu i te 1,300 oko iti - pahi, arote me te rite. d. Ko te nganatanga tuatahi ki te waihanga huaina te mea ko te "auau Russian Imperial Navy." Ia rite maitai ona mahi o tuku hōia ki nga taiepa o te pa, ka karapotia e te ārai o Azov ki te wai. I muri i te whakapae e ono-wiki o Hōngongoi 19, tukua 1696 te hoia.

"Lutche ahau ki te whawhai i te moana ..."

whakakitea tenei pakanga te faufaa o te pāhekoheko o te whenua, me te moana ope. i tino hira ki te whakatau ia o te Boyar Duma i hanga atu o nga kaipuke. "Ships i!" - te ture kingi i runga i te tohanga o moni mo nga oko hou whakaaetia i Oketopa 20, 1696. Mai taua rā, ko te hītori o te tāruru Russian, ka pupuritia e tona pōhi i.

karere nui

kua tika tīmata War mō te whai wāhi tonga ki te hopu moana o Azov, a haere ana a Pita ki Europe ki te rapu tautoko ki Turkey me ona hoa. whakamahia e te kingi tona haerenga takawaenga i roa kotahi me te hawhe te tau ki te whakarei ake i to ratou matauranga i roto i te pahi me te take hōia.

I raro i te ingoa Petra Mihaylova, mahi ia i roto i nga shipyards o te Netherlands. riro ia wheako ki pinepine o kamura Russian. I roto i te marama e toru mai i hanga to ratou whai wāhitanga manuao "Pita ko Paora", ko wai haere ka ki Java i raro i te haki o te Te Tai Rāwhiti India Company.

I roto i Ingarangi, kei te mahi ano hoki te kingi i te shipyards me awheawhe aunoa. English kingi mō Pita whakarite nekeneke moana. Te kitenga taunekeneke lelei mo 12 me nga kaipuke nui, tangata hiamo a Pita me ta e hiahia ia ki te waiho i te Admiral English, atu i te Russian mua. Mai taua taime ki te moe i kua whakakaha te kaha Russian Imperial Navy i roto ia ia tino.

taitamariki Russia

whakawhanake pakihi Marine. I roto i te 1700, te kaiwhakau Petr Veliky te kara o te kaipuke Navy Russian. I te ingoa te reira i muri i te Order Russian tuatahi - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. 300 tau ki te kaipuke Russian, a tata katoa o taua wa taumarumaru kaiwhakatere Russian hōtiu ripeka puru o te haki o St. Anaru.

He tau i muri mai, i roto i Moscow te kura manuao tuatahi - te kura o sciences pāngarau, me te whakatere waka. whakahau whakapumautia te Navy ki te arahi i te peka hou. tomo Kua Whakaaetia Naval Charter rarangi moana.

Ko tino nui - te Admiralty, i tiaki o te hanga kaipuke - e te hanga nga kaipuke hou ki reira.

mahere a Pita e ahau mo te atu toa tauranga i runga i te Moana Black me te turanga i reira shipyards haukotia e te hoariri atu paoro ki te Te Tai Tokerau. haere Denmark ko Sweden ki te whawhai i runga i motu totohe, ka piri Pita ia i te taha ki Danemaka, me te whāinga ki te wahi i roto i te "matapihi ki Europe" - te uru ki te Moana Baltic.

Battle Gangut

Sweden arahina e te taitamariki, me te cocky Charles XII ko te kaha hōia matua o taua wa. tatari ngawari Russian Imperial Navy ati. I roto i te raumati o 1714 tutaki te matua hoia Russian o kaipuke arahina e admiral Fedorom Apraksinym ki kaha kaipuke rere Swedish i Cape Hanko. Whai ki te pūrepo hoariri, e kore te admiral i maia ki te whakatikatika aroraa, a korero ana ki āhuatanga Pita.

hanga e te kingi he whakatau: whakahau ki te whakarite i te kuaha mō kaipuke waka i runga i te whenua maroke, me te ki te whakaatu i te hiahia ki te haere mai puta noa te Tāmaki ki te muri o te tāruru hoariri. Kia kore ai tenei, ngā nga Swedes kaipuke, te tuku i te wehe o te 10 oko bypassing kūrae ki te wahi Perevoloka. I tenei wa whakapumautia te moana i marino oti, i tangohia atu i te taea o tetahi nekeneke Swedes. ūhia kaipuke nui pewa pahoho ki te mua o te whawhai, me nga kaipuke o te kaipuke Russian - pahūtanga haere te takutai ka patua he rōpū o oko 10, hopu i te reira i roto i te kokoru - he kaipuke te hoenga nohopuku. tangohia manuao tino nui "Elephant" i runga i te poari i te kaipuke, i whai wāhi fakatāutaha Pita i roto i te whakaeke moka, tuhi kaipuke i te tauira.

i oti wikitoria moana Russian. Mō riro te kaipuke tatini i, riro atu atu i te mano Swedes me neke atu i 350 - i patua. Te kore ngaro i te kaipuke kotahi, ngaro Russian 120 patua nga tangata, me te 350 - whara.

Tuatahi Moana Victoria - te Gangut me, i muri mai, i Grengam ko Poltava wikitoria whenua - ko te matua ki te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Nystad Sweden (1721), i raro i i timata Russia ki taea i roto i te Moana Baltic tenei katoa. Ko te whāinga - uru ki nga tauranga Te Hau-ā-uru Pākehā - kua kua tutuki.

Legacy Petra Velikogo

whakaturia te pūtake mo te hanganga o te Baltic Fleet i e Pita ara kotahi tekau nga tau i mua i te whawhai Gangutskaya ka faaho'i i te mangai o nga Swedes Neva i whakaturia St. Petersburg, te whakapaipai hou o te Russian Empire. Āpiti atu ki te turanga hōia kei tata - Kronstadt - ka ratou katia te kuwaha ki hoariri, me te whanui tuwhera mō te tauhokohoko.

Hoki te rau hauwhā, ka mau Russia te ara i tangohia e rave rahi tenetere, te ārahi mana moana - te ara i kaipuke iti mō te whakatere takutai ki oko nui e taea o te upooti'araa i kikorangi ao. i mohiotia haki o te Russian Navy me whakaaro i roto i nga moana katoa o te whenua.

History o whakaora me mate

hanganga o Pita, me tona tamaiti tino - te kaipuke Russian tuatahi - tatari mo te whakarau uaua. Ehara i nga rangatira o muri katoa o te whenua ngā nga whakaaro o Petra Velikogo, i tona kaha o huru ranei.

Neke atu i te te 300 tau i muri ki te kaipuke Russian i te wāhi ki te riro whakaora nui nga wa Ushakov ko Nakhimov me mamae kino kino i roto i Sevastopol me Tsushima. I muri i te marau taumaha i tangohia Russia o te mana o te mana moana. I roto i te Renaissance, i muri i te tiango oti matau te hītori o te Russian Navy me te rau tau mua, me ngā wā hou.

I teie mahana te whiwhi i te kaipuke kaha i muri i te stagnation kino, a ko reira nui ki te mahara e tīmata reira katoa ki te pūngao me te te hinaaro o Pita ahau, ko wai i whakapono i roto i te nui moana o ratou whenua.