Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko

Kua waiho rorohiko i te akiaki. Ko ratou nga wahi katoa: i roto i mau utuafare, ngā wheketere, tari me cars ... tatou i te tahi taime e kore noa whakaaro, tae noa ki te hītori o te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko he matamaha, me te taonga i roto i ngā rā o mua. Ki te rā, He whakatupuranga wha o rorohiko.

Ko te whakatupuranga tuatahi ko te mōmona (nui e ngaahi tu'unga o tenei ra) mīhini. Ki te kahore hoki te mahi o te mataaro pūkaha German Zuse (ara, i hanga e ia te rorohiko tuatahi i roto i 1941, engari kua nga mahi ngaro), te tupuna o rorohiko o tenei ra ko te "Mark-1" (1943). hiahiatia ana tēnei mīhini he whare nui, a ngā o 800 km o taura, neke atu i te 3,300 mano. tānga ka pau hoki rorohiko rau o watt o te hiko. whakamahi tatou enei rorohiko mō tātaitanga hōia.

Ko te mea ia tapao e kore ahau i tīmata i te hītori o te tikanga whakatupuranga rorohiko ki te "Mark ahau». Ko tōna rā tīmatanga tuhia i roto i te 1946. Na ka riro te rorohiko i runga i nga korere mārua hiko. He he taua ENIAC hanganga. I roto i te rahi i te reira tata rite te tuatahi, "Mark", engari ngā he kaha nui (neke atu i te kotahi mano ngā wā). ka tahuri te waka i roto i ki te waiho i te ngā, kaha, auaha, engari koretake. Hei kawe i te tātaitanga e hiahiatia ana mo te maha o ngā hāora i roto i te tikanga ki te kawe i roto i etahi taura whakawhitinga. Ko te pūrere mangere, a tonu te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko me te ariā hou - "wāhanga hiko" e taea te mahi i te rorohiko. Tuhinga Base whakatupuranga ahau rorohiko o ngā pūnga, parenga me korere mārua hiko.

History o taputapu rorohiko production motu tīmata i roto i 1951, te whakawhetai ki te SA Lebedev. tīmata te reira i katoa ki SECM, ka muri whakaotinga BESM-2 nei. A iti i muri mai i roto i te Soviet Union ko kua te rorohiko kaha tino i roto i Europe kua hanga ki te ingoa o te M-20, e te mea tino pinepine haere atu o ratou pūnaha me e hiahiatia ana ki te taviniraa i te tokotoko nui o Engineers.

Ko te whakatupuranga tuarua o rorohiko tīmata ki te tenenga, me te whakamahi o te transistor tuatahi. Mai i taua wa i timata ai te hītori o te hangarau rorohiko ki te riro i te tere tino rerekē. ka hāngai i runga i ngā huānga Semiconductor rorohiko Base. Ko te transistor i wha tekau nga wa te mahi o rama hiko, kiato, me te iti iho te utu. Kua meinga e taea ki te whakamahi i te poari taiawhio tāngia. I roto i te 1965, whakaurua Digital Taputapu Company te kiato (!) Computer, nga āhuatanga o e he paku mātao iti te horo. I huaina te reira i te semeio PDP-8 ka ko utu 20 mano. Tara.

Ahakoa kawe PDP-8, miharo katoa ki tona mahi i te wa ano Taketake te whanaketanga o rorohiko tuatoru-whakatupuranga (mutunga o 1960 - 70 tau). Ko e tika ana ki te whanaketanga me te whakamātautau o te tuatahi tenei ara iahiko integrated (John Killebrew 1958). I runga i te takawai angiangi kei transistors me ratou hononga. Whaihuatanga - i rau o nga mano ki milioni o ngā mahi ia rua.

I roto i 1968 te whakaputanga o te rorohiko taiawhio integrated tuatahi - IBM-360. I roto i te 1970, whakarewa Intel ona takatakanga mahara integrated. Ko nga wahi mahi tau nui haere i te iti rawa rua, te rohe circuitry ranei kahore e huri, rānei hoko iti. hoatu tenei he whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga o te wha nga whakatupuranga o rorohiko.

I roto i 1970, i te kamupene Intel (Marsciano Edward Hoff) Ka hangaia e te orotahi tuatahi CPU rorohiko nui. I roto i te 1970 haere te reira i runga i te hoko i raro i te ingoa Intel-4004. I hua te rahi o te 3 cm rorohiko toru "Mark II». haere te whanaketanga o microprocessors tika hohoro, i whakaaetia ki te waihanga i tētahi mīhini rorohiko mahi e i whakamahia mo te patopato, rorohiko me te whakamāmā kaute. Ngā mihi ki te iwi rite S. me B. Jobs Wozniak (kaiwhakatū o te «Apple Rorohiko») hītori o te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko timata ki te whakatata enei whakaaro ki kaiwhakamahi ohie. Na te iwi noa e taea te mahi ki te mau pehea hohoro te whakanui ake hua, ngā hōtaka hou, me te ake. Na roto i te mutunga o te-doma 70 te horapa o rorohiko whaiaro kua riro rerekē haere tiketike mīharo. Ngā mihi ki te mahi kaha, me te whawhe deft o nga ngākau nuitanga arumoni o corporations nui, kua tutuki pai i te kuao American Pire Geyts recaptures mo te tika o Microsoft ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūmanawa. whakawhitinga angitu me te patenting wā o te pūmanawa, tae atu Windows, hanga Microsoft he wā nui i runga i te rangatira e mōhiotia ana i roto i te ao o hangarau IT, te whakakore kikorangi-tāwhai - Apple kamupene.

Kei te whakawhanake te wha te whakatupuranga ki tenei ra. tonu te hītori o te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko. He rerekē anake i roto i taua te whakamahia nga pūtukatuka maha mō te mōhiohio whāki rorohiko Modern.