Ko te ihirangi me te hanganga o te mahi i roto i te hinengaro

Ko te hopoia pāhekoheko ki te ao waho katoa taata ora. I roto i te tukanga o te pāhekoheko i reira e rua ngā āhuatanga: te kaupapa, e āta pā te taiao, me te ahanoa e riro te ahanoa o makona nga hiahia o te tumu parau. A paraparau e pā ana ki te mahi o te iwi, e taea te tautuhi i te reira rite te mahi mohio e hāngai ana te whakatutuki i te whāinga taua maha whāinga ranei. Ka rite ki mua, te whāinga, i runga i te ringa kotahi, e hono ki te ngākau nuitanga me ngā hiahia e rapu utu utu, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - ki te whakaritenga o te hapori ki te takitahi.

Ko te ariā whānui o te mahi

he maha o ngā āhuatanga tūturu mahi a te tangata kua. Tuatahi, rite kua whakahuatia, mo te mahi o te iwi te āhuatanga e mōhiotanga (he mōhio o nga whāinga, tikanga iwi, me te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i a ratou, a ka matapae putanga). kī hinengaro Scientific e waho e kore e taea te mea te mōhiotanga o ngā whāinga tangata e pā ana ki te mahi, te haere noa te reira ki te kia kaha. Ko te kaupapa ki kare me ngā hiahia, me te āhuatanga o te kararehe te mahi rere totoa. Tuarua, he uaua ki te whakaaro mahi a te tangata kahore whakangao, te whakamahi me te rokiroki muri o taputapu. A toru, ngā pātai e pā ana ki te hinengaro o te mahi me te huru pāpori, no te mea e afa'i mai te reira i ake he hapori rōpū ranei, whakaatu ana te tangata te mea ki te mahi me te pehea. Ngā mihi ki tenei ahua o te taunekeneke i waenganui i te iwi te kaiwhakau kōrero ki ētahi atu iwi, ko te momo rerekē o te hononga ki a ratou.

Hono ako ngā mahi hinengaro i roto i te tūhuratanga Soviet o kaimātai hinengaro (A. N. Leonteva, S. L. Rubinshteyna, A. A. Smirnova, B. M. Teplova et al.) Whakakitea e te āhua o te akoranga me te whanaketanga o te tukanga rerekē i roto i te konä, tei runga i te āhuatanga ngā mahi o te mahara pāpāho, tona vahi whakahihiko. Ano, te hua o ngā A. N. Leonteva ko P. Ya. Fokotu'u Galperina e hanga e te pānga ā-o te pai i runga i te pūtake o te rauemi waho i roto i ngā huringa ngā o te muri. huaina tenei tukanga i internalization.

Rerekētanga i waenganui i te mahi me te mahi

Mahi - Ko te āhuatanga noa o mea ora katoa, ahakoa o te taumata o te whakahaere, me te whanaketanga. I muri i te katoa, e tauturu te reira ki te mau tonu i te faufaa tino hononga o taata katoa ki te taiao. Me kï reira e te puna o tenei mahi - me te reira ki te whakaongaonga i te tinana ora ki te mahi ki te makona ratou. hiahia Tangata me nga hiahia o te kararehe, me te whai ngā ritenga me ngā rerekētanga. He rawe ki ki e rua o ratou nga hiahia tinana taketake, engari te atu teitei - angamaheni mo te tangata anake, kia rite ki puta ratou i raro i te mana o te mātauranga tūmatanui.

Pātai o hinengaro me whakaaro te rerekētanga i waenganui i te mahi me te mahi. Ko te āhuatanga matua ko e te mahi he e tika ana ki te hiahia mo te kaupapa me te mahi - te hiahia mo te mahi ano. Mahi ano te tuatahi e pā ana ki te mahi. I muri i te katoa, tuatahi whakakitea i roto i to tatou whakaaro, mahere, ahua, engari e hāngai ana te tuarua kei te ki nga taonga, tikanga. Me kï reira e te mahi ko te huānga cover i roto i te mahi tukanga katoa. whakarato ngohe te tātai o te pūngao, te wā, te aravihi, Mobilizing pūkenga, upooti'araa tūpuku, whakahohetia katoa e ka whakatutuki i ngā hua. Mahi - he tino nui, me te tino i roto i te ariā i te ora tangata. tāutu Psychology etahi whakahaere hanganga o tenei āhuatanga.

Ngohe me tona hanganga wae

mahi Hanganga i roto i te hinengaro e te uhupoho nui i roto i te hua o te maha rangahau ariā, me te hōhonu. Ko te tokoingoa matua o te mahi a te tangata - he mea he akiaki. hinengaro Domestic tukuna te rōpū o ngā āhuatanga e e ka whakaahuatia i raro nei.

Ko te huānga tuatahi o tenei kaupapa - te hiahia. E parauhia te reira rite te āhua o tahu riri, e whakaihiihi ana te mahi e hāngai ana i te rapu mo te ahanoa e ka makona tenei huru. E pāngia hiahia tangata e te āhua e kore anake, me te whaiaroaro, engari ano hoki whakawhanaunga me te mātauranga. I runga i enei raraunga, te tuhinga i runga i te hinengaro whakarato e rua te whakarōpū:

• Momo o ngā hiahia , ahakoa o te kaupapa - rauemi, me te wairua.
• Momo o ngā hiahia, ahakoa o ratou take - māori, me te ahurea.

Scientists mōhio e te hiahia - he he whakanui mo te tangata ki te whakaatu i to ratou mahi tenei. Otiia e kore e anake arahina tenei tītohunga e te iwi. Ko te wahi nui nohoia e te ariā o te tumu.

Ki te mea he hiahia no te matauranga hou he tangata, ka tirotiro i te piha haapiiraa i roto i te hinengaro, e taea ia e te viivii ore o te mana'o turai te whakanui ake. Ngā kaimātai hinengaro te titiro ki tenei ariā i roto i ngā o te hihiri mō te mahi, e pā nei te ki te hiahia ki te whakatau i te hiahia, me i he aronga mārama. Kahore Me kahore whakakitenga mārama, kahore kaupapa, engari te turai - tona faaiteraa raima. Taumu'a, ratou huinga me ngā momo o marū hinengaro. Poto faaite ia i te mau tumu i runga i rua mohio me te mauri. Ko te tuatahi e taea te faaite ki te tuarua kupu, - kahore, no te mea kei te repressed ratou. Me kï reira e kore te mea te reira e tika ana ki te tāutu i te taumu'a mo te whakaaro, no te mea te reira i tupu pinepine e kua piri rerekē mana'o turai i tetahi whāinga, ka piri te ngā take e kotahi tumu.

Ko te whakaaro o te hinengaro pūtaiao tautuhi rite te hua mutunga o te mahi e te vai i roto i te whakaaro o te tangata, me te e hiahia ana ia ki te whakatutuki i. Ka taea te kite Expression o te ūnga e rua i roto i te rauemi me te i roto i te manureva hinengaro. Te whāinga, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki ngā mahi motuhake e te tauturu i te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana.

Ko te kupu, ko te wāhanga mahi iti e rave i te mahi motuhake - tenei mahi.

Ko te no te mea taua āhuatanga ko te hanganga o te mahi i roto i te hinengaro. Ko te kaupapa e whakaaturia i raro nei, ka āwhina i ki e ngā kite te mōhiohio:

Hiahia - Motive - Whaainga - mahi - hua.

momo o ngā mahi

Scientists aparau i te mahi rite te ariā hinengaro tinana, me te roto i waho. reira tāutu Psychology nga mahi e whai ake nei e whakarato mahi i roto-o Piripīni: tukanga perceptual (perception), tukanga whakaaro, tukanga mnemonic (mahara), tukanga imazhitivny (whakaaro). Ko te te mahi ā-faaineine mahi waho. Ngā mihi ki a ratou, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi mahere ki te whakaaro ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whakatutuki i te whāinga, me te whakaaro i te hua whakamutunga. Plus, ki te awhina o mahara e kore te tangata e faahiti i te mau hape mahia mua.

mahi Hanganga i roto i te hinengaro, ara ā-roto, e rua ngā āhuatanga matua. Tuatahi, ko reira te hanganga te taua rite nga rerekētanga waho, i roto i te āhua o te rere: te mahi me ngā mahi puta ki ngā pohewa hei utu o te mau, aua, ko ano hoki te hua he mahi hinengaro. Tuarua, i hangaia te mahi ā-i waho i roto i te tukanga o te internalization. Hei tauira, i kite i nga tamariki reo te tuatahi, a anake i muri i te tahi mau wa i reira he he whakawhiti ki te kupu ā-.

Ko mahi waho hua mahi waho lalahi, ara nekeneke (tūranga, ngā i roto i te wāhi), kaupapa expressive (MIME me ha'uti), tohu, nekehanga e pā ana ki kupu (taura waiata).

whakaaro te tukanga ritenga o te internalization te tukanga externalization. takoto te reira i roto i te meka e kua hangaia te mahi waho rite ki te hua o te huringa o nga hanganga ā-e e hanga e runga i te pūtake o te internalization.

Mahi, aroturuki, te aromātai: he aha te mea te reira

mahi Hanganga i roto i te hinengaro kei roto e rave rahi wāhanga, engari te raima te nuinga, kawea nei i roto i roto i te taiao - he mahi. Scientists, tautuhi pūkenga te mahi rite te ara ki te mahi i etahi mahi i runga i te āhuatanga rānei. whakarato Operation āhuatanga hangarau o te mahi, no te mea he reira taea ki te mahi i ngā mahi rerekē, mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē ranei.

Hua o ngā mahi, ina te tae ai, haere wāhanga o te aro mātai, me te aroturuki. Ko te mana whakataurite te hua ki te whakapakoko taketake, me te ūnga. E tāutu ana te aromatawai te tohu o tāpiritanga o te hua, me te whakaaro. Te aromātai - ko reira rite te wā whakamutunga o te mana. korero aromatawai takatika o te mauruuru me ngā mahi pai i roto i te whānui, me te tōraro - i runga i te anga ke. Ki te te kore rite reira te hua, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te mana, ka taea e tukua atu e koe i te reira whakahokia mo te whakahounga rite taea.

Ngā ngohe: Puka

Kua whakawhanakehia hinengaro Russian te whakarōpū o ngā momo o te mahi. No te reira ki te kēmu, ngā mahi mātauranga, me te mahi mahi. A feruri i nga mea katoa i roto i te raupapa.

Ko te kēmu - he mahi ārahi mō te tamariki, no te mea te whakawhetai ki reira tāwhai ratou te ora pakeke, tona ao pohewa, ako me te whakawhanake. E kore e te kēmu hoatu te tamaiti etahi uara materia, a kore e ona hua hei taonga rauemi, engari tutuki te reira i te tawhā katoa o nga hiahia o ngā tamariki. Hoki te āhuatanga te kēmu e haere noa, taratahi, huakore. E whakarato ana whakawhanaunga o te tamaiti, whakawhanake tona gedonistichnost kōrerorero, hinengaro, me te auahatanga. Hoki te mea he mahi e vai. He ona ake momo te kēmu. Tenei kēmu whāinga, te kēmu wahi-tūranga-whakatangi ki ture. He tamaiti haere i roto i etahi he wāhanga o te whanaketanga, haamata te reira ki te tākaro tahi atu kēmu. I roto i tenei puka o mahi ka taea e te tamaiti faaite ana kare, mau mana'o, a ngā mātua ko reira te matamata hugest. Ano, ki te he te wheako pāmamae te tamaiti, he pai ki te whakaoti i te reira ki te awhina o te kēmu.

puka muri o te mahi e whakawhanake iwi rite tupu pakeke ratou - i tenei mahi mātauranga. Ki reira, whiwhi iwi whānui ariā, rangatira nga mahi lalahi, me te mōhiohio. whakarato Tokāteline he mahi pāpori, te tukanga o te komokomo i te takitahi taitamariki i roto i te pūnaha o ngā uara pāpori me te hapori rite taua. I roto i te tukanga o ngā mahi akoranga e taea te whakawhanake ratou aravihi, whātioata ratou matauranga. haapii te tamaiti ki te faatitiaifaro puka e.

Scientists whakapono e te faaiteraa teitei o te mahi ko te mahi. whakarato pānga taiao mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu, me te whakamahi i te reira mo ratou ake take kohi mahi Reipa. āhuatanga mahi e mōhiotanga, kohi pūngao, Kei te whānui mohio reira me e tika ana. I puta ia i te whare wānanga, te tahi atu institution ranei ranei, i roto i te whānui, i muri tonu kura, haamata te tangata tona mahi ngaio. hanganga hinengaro o te mahi ngaio e te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

Ko te whakaaro o matau - ahanoa o mahi - taputapu mahi - te hangarau e whakamahia ana - ngā mahi mahi.

Psychology ariā o te mahi

mahi ariā mahi rite tetahi o nga turanga huarahi matua mo te hinengaro, me te mahara rangahau. I roto i te anga o te mahi e ako rite te āhuatanga e takawaenga katoa ari ira me ngā tukanga. Tenei tirohanga pūtaiao tutaki faaino i kaimātai hinengaro ke. Ko te tuhinga i runga i te hinengaro o te mahi e pā ana ki te tau 20 o te rau tau rua tekau, me te haere tonu ki te whanake i tenei ra.

I roto i tenei aronga, i reira e rua ngā whakamārama. whakaahuatia Tuatahi e S. L. Rubinshteynom, nei ko te kaiwhakawhanake o te parau tumu o te kotahitanga o te mahara, me te mahi. hanga te tuarua he A. pūtaiao rongonui N. Leontev, e whakaraupapahia te take o te hanganga hapori o mahi hinengaro waho, me te ā.

Mahi ariā S. L. Rubinshteyna

Kei te ako tenei pūtaiao te konä e whakakite ona whanaunga nui, me te whāinga i roto i mahi. Rubinstein tohe e kore te mea e tika ana ki te kite i te ngā whakahaere ā-o te konä rite taua i hanga e te roto i te huringa o te waho. Determinism Ko e e takawaenga tikanga kāinga huānga o take waho. Te mahara me te mahi - e kore e rua momo o faaiteraa o kotahitanga, e rua tauira e hanga he kotahitanga wehewehe.

Mahi ariā A. N. Leonteva

whakapono te kaimātai hinengaro-kairangahau konä te puka o te mahi e whai pūtake ana. Leontiev Ko te kaitautoko o te ariā o te internalization me tohe e hanga e te mahi ā-kei te rite te hua o te whakawhitinga o ngā mahi o waho i roto i te ira tangata ā-. ngā mahi pūtaiao, me te mōhiotanga ngā o te momo o te tukanga o te hanganga o te whakapakoko, me te whakapakoko ano. Te hanga i tētahi ariā o te āhua o te hanganga o te mahi i roto i te hinengaro, ka hoatu e Leontiev ana mahi kohia hoki i roto i te 1920. mahi ia rite te kairangahau i te timatanga o L. S. Vygotskogo, ako tukanga mnemonic e tukinotia i roto i te rārangi ki te mahi whāinga. I roto i te 30raa o te rau tau rua tekau arahina e ia nga mahi kura Kharkov ka tonu tona whanaketanga pāngarau, me te whakamātau i runga i tenei take. Hoki e whitu nga tau, i 1956 ki te 1963 whakahaere ia ngā Leontiev. Ko te hua i whakamatauria e ia te taea o te hanganga o te ware i roto i te iwi ki te taringa e kore rawa te pai i roto i te waiata ki te mahi e tika ana. Tona tono ki te whakaaro i te mahi kia rite ki te huinga o ngā mahi, me ngā mahi kua oti whakaaetia pai i roto i te ao hinengaro pūtaiao. ako hoki Leontiev pehea puta te whakaaro me te whakawhanakehia i roto i te akoranga o te wā kunenga, pehea te panga o mahara i roto i te akoranga o te whanaketanga tangata, te ōwehenga o te mahi me te mahara, te whanaketanga tau o te konä me mahara, whānuitanga whakahihiko me pū, tikanga me te hītori o te mātai hinengaro.

Mahi ariā L. S. Vygotskogo

whakamahi ahau ariā mahi ki te whakamārama i te peculiarities o te konä o iwi, me te Lev Semenovich. whakawhanakehia e ia te ariā o teitei mahi hinengaro ka ko he kaitautoko o te ariā o te internalization.

ka karanga teitei hinengaro mahi pūtaiao nga tukanga hinengaro e kua whakahohe i roto i to tatou konä. whakapono ia e i mua, ka i tahito hapori, i teitei mahi hinengaro nga hononga i waenganui i te iwi. Otiia i roto i ka mau te tukanga o te kukuwhatanga wahi internalization o enei whanaunga, i puta ratou ki ari ira. takawaenga e te tikanga o etahi tohu me tohu - te āhuatanga matua o VPF. i mua i Ahakoa te kupu, ki te iwi korero, whakawhiti mōhiotanga me te mōhiohio i te tikanga o nga tohu. Tenei te tikanga e to tatou tukanga hinengaro mahi i runga i te pūnaha tohu. Otiia ki te timata tatou ki te kīa te kupu, ka kia kitea e koe e he reira ano hoki he tohu tino.

Kei Higher mahi hinengaro i roto i nga matamata frontal o te uho kaka. Ka taea te tāutuhia e rave rahi ngā wāhanga o te orokohanga o teitei mahi hinengaro:

• Ko te ahua o whanaunga tangata - tukanga ā-hinengaro.
• Internalization.
• A i roto i te meka, teitei mahi hinengaro - tukanga intrapsychic.

Kua riro Ngohe ariā ake a ka riro i te pūtake mo te maha rangahau hinengaro i roto i te wāhi kāinga.