Ko te Iron Lady o tōrangapū o Ingarangi, Margaret Thatcher: biography, mahi tōrangapū me te ngā meka

Margaret Thatcher - tetahi o nga kaitōrangapū tino rongonui o te rau tau XX. Tona mahi rite te pirimia o Great Britain haere 3 wā e mauhere 11 tau. Ko te wa uaua - ka ko te whenua i roto i te raruraru ōhanga me te pāpori hohonu, ka karanga Ingarangi te "tangata mate o Europe." i taea e ki te whakahoki tona mana o mua o Albion, me whakarite painga o ope i manakohia o nga Conservatives Margaret.

"Thatcherism" i roto i te tōrangapū

E pā ana tēnei wāhanga ki te tāutanga, i i āhuatanga e Margaret Thatcher i Māoritanga, morare me tōrangapū. Ratou ko ia pirimia, i te tamata ia ki te hoatu ki mahi.

Ka taea te huaina tona āhuatanga matua te "tika o te kore ōritenga." kī te kaitōrangapū e taea te tangata te neke ki te tahi mea pai, pai atu i te mea i te kau. taunaki Thatcher hinonga noa, me te kaupapa i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi painga. Heoi, i te wa ano whakataua e ia te "riri mo te moni mo te moni."

Hoki "Thatcherism" rite - ko te mumura. He tika ki te kore ōritenga, i tahuri, pana te tangata ki te tu, te whakapai ake ratou me te whakapai ake i te kounga o to ratou oraraa. Ko te aha e kore ia i whakatau i te he taonga, engari ki runga ki te anga ke, ka tohe tangata katoa ki te hanga tautooraa ki te whakapiki ake i te reira i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarei anō te taumata o te ora.

tamarikitanga

whanau Margaret Thatcher (Roberts) i roto i 1925 i runga i Oketopa 13 i roto i Granteme, e tata ana Rānana i roto i te Hauraro. noho tano ia utuafare, ki kahore humehume, ka taea e tatou te mea i te ara-fefeka o te ora mo te iwi o Western Europe. i te whare kahore rere wai, whakaurunga, rawa, i runga i te huarahi. pakeke, ko Margaret - - tokorua nga tamahine Muriel a te whānau i raro i taua mea mo te 4 tau.

Ko te huri mātāmua rite te whaea - Beatrice, ko te whakaotinga i te tārua tangohia o papa o Alfred. I whakairia ia ki hei tana tino, na i tīmata matua kōhungahunga ki te patiaraa a ia nga huru maitatai katoa e muri i roto i te ora pakeke reira nui i awhina, ka tahuri ki te tohu o te tau o te haratau i Ingarangi XX rau.

I te 5 tau, timata Margaret tango haapiiraa piano, a riro te whakataetae rotarota noa i muri i te 4 tau. I maui te tumuaki ka mea a Margaret e ko ia rawa waimarie, ki i ka mea ia: "E kore te reira te waimarie, ko reira he paetae." tupu i te wawe tau ia totohe, na ko te mema tūturu o te karapu kōrero me ki te pātai i whakaarahia i roto i nga tau wawe o haepapa whakautu whai kiko tonu, pērā ō rātou hoa, "kuti" etahi interjections.

Matua - pai hoki Margaret

a Alfred he mātauranga tuatahi, engari rerekē matewai hoki te matauranga hou rite te hua kihai i noho i te ra, kahore pānui. Tenei kounga Hare ki ia ko tona tamahine. Fakataha haere ratou ki te whare pukapuka, me te tango i te wiki e rua ngā pukapuka mo te whakaaro o te pānui tētahi ratou.

Kua whakatokia e papa he kounga iti Margaret ki kia pērā katoa. Ua haapii ia ia kia "aia" e te tangata me "ki arahi" me kore. Hoki tenei i tika ki te mahi i nga ra, whakaaro e pā ana ki te heke mai, me te e pā ana ki to ratou tūranga i roto i te hapori. toutou Alfred maha nga wa: e kore te mea e tika ana ki te mahi, no te mea ai tenei ko te toenga.

i pai hoki ia Matua, whakaaro iti Margaret mohio ia nga mea katoa. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o reira ko te matewai hoki te matauranga. i ia he matewai mō wheako mōhiohio hou. ka haere a Margaret ko tona papa ki te hui poari, whiwhi i te reka mo tōrangapū, theatricality me te aravihi. Katahi ka ko ia 10 tau.

mahara Margaret Thatcher mō tau ki te haere mai te arata'iraa o tona papa, a haere ana ki a ratou i roto i te ora. Ko ia te tangata e kawea mai i roto i te tamaiti i te turanga e teie mahana e karanga te ao katoa "Thatcherism" wā te horo.

mātauranga a tawhio Thatcher

Whakatipu ake, noho Margaret tika rite momo rite i roto i te kōhungahunga. Ko te take hoki tenei i te whakaaro i runga i te ora o tona papa i aroha ai. Ko ia te māngai o Porotetani ki nga mau hopearaa muri katoa, haunga te he pisinisi, ko ha tokotaha. e kore ia haere ki tetahi kanikani te whakaaro o kiriata ranei, engari hohoro timata ki te mahi i te rakau toa whānau Roberts, te wahi ka mohio ia ki te taketake o te mahi, me te pai.

I te wa ano kua whakaaturia reira fafauraa - 4 tau ako Latin, mo te whakauru ki te kāreti o te wahine tino whaimana i roto i Oxford - Somerville. Tona hoa i roto i te ruma haamana'o e ka Margaret ake i te mea ka pouri tonu, me te ngana ki te ako i tetahi mea. Ko te akoranga tuarua uaua: hinga ia i roto i te aroha ki te tama a te tatau, engari tona whaea e kurua paopao tangata, e mea ana e te tamahine o ha tokotaha noa kahore ōrite mo tana tama.

kotiro atu a atu te mōhio e tona wairua toa kaupapa here hao. Margaret Thatcher i whai wāhi i roto i te tautohetohe tōrangapū me i te tau piri te Association o conservatives, a meinga tona peresideni tuatahi, he wahine i roto i te tau 1946.

I roto i te 1947, oti ia mātauranga i Oxford kāreti ki matū tohu āpā o te bachelor. kitea tonu te mahi kairangahau-kairangahau kirihou celluloid i Menningtone.

I roto i te 1953, riro ia he tohu ture me te 5 tau i muri mai, kua kaha te reira i roto i te mahi, ka mahi hoki i te rōia. A iti i muri mai ka noho ia hei te tohunga i roto i te mara o te taake, ka ako tenei ahumahi maitai.

Ko te kupu, ka tahuri te hanganga o te kaupapa here i mua nei i roto i rawa pūkenga: i mohio ia nga taketake o te hanga i te mahi, ko te ariki o te mōhiohio i runga i ture me takoha, i roto i te tua, e pai te matau i roto i te tukanga pūtaiao, me tino nui, whanga te whakahou o Margaret Thatcher noa i roto i aua ra, ka i ano i tawhiti i reira i te pou o te pirimia.

tuatahi tōrangapū

Oddly nui, engari i muri i te mutunga o te kura, i mohio Margaret wahi ki te haere tonu o ratou akoranga - i roto i Oxford. He aha i reira? No te mea i roto i tenei kura ako katoa minita UK heke mai. I reira, e kore ia i ngaro wa i roto i te noa, hono te KAOU - tūpato Association i University Oxford. Mai ka timata reira tona pikitanga ki te Olympus tōrangapū.

Ahakoa ka i ia he hiahia ki te rere hoki te tinana whenua-māngai, engari ki te rave i te reira i reira te tuatahi tika ki te riro peresideni KAOU. Na ka ratou Thatcher i 1946. Kua riro tenei tūnga tino wa-e kai ana, ka moe ia hoki 3-4 haora he ra. ka haere mai te kau ka i ia ki te whiriwhiri i waenganui i tōrangapū me te mātauranga - whiriwhiria e ia i te mua. Na reira, he mea kahore he mea whakamiharo e Margaret Thatcher, he tauira mua, me te ākonga pai, he tītohu rite "pai", me te tohu o te bachelor, i whakawhiwhia ia te piha 2.

Denis Thatcher - he aratohu ki tōrangapū

I roto i te 1948, ka whakaaetia kaitono o Margaret mo whai wāhitanga i roto i te pōtitanga pāremata, Heoi, ko te Rōpū Reipa, kua mua e taea ana i roto i Dartford. Ki. Ko te ahumahi te pa. Na reira tona pōtitanga tuatahi ngaro reira, engari kua ara ake i te reira faauruhia te wahine ki te mahi tika.

I te wa ano, ka tutaki ia Denis Thatcher (ko reira hoki te ingoa tana tane o mohiotia te katoa i runga i te ao). I roto i te tau 1951, whakaarohia ia ki a ia. Ko 33 nga tau te tangata, a ka ko ia he bit pakeke atu ia. Denis ko he kaipakihi, a reira i taea e whakarato i tētahi wahine taitamariki ki nga mea katoa e hiahia ana koe. Na i taea e ia horo'a ia katoa ki tōrangapū, me te whakahounga i hapu Margaret Tetcher (UK hiahiatia kino ratou i te wa) mo te wa roa.

1953 ka hoki a ia whanganga "ma" te ora. hoatu te tokorua Thatcher whanau ki mahanga, a wha nga marama i muri mai, haere Margaret te whakamātautau whakamutunga, ka meinga he rōia. Motuhake i roto i te mahi whiriwhiria ia te ao pupirikana, ka ako ai ata, he tino pai i roto i te heke mai taua kaupapa here.

Whakarāpopoto i te upoko me te mea te reira e kua kairau a Dennis he wāhi nui i roto i te tupu tōrangapū Margaret. i muri i te marena, taea tino tukua te reira ia ki tona mahi tino - tōrangapū.

Road ki Pāremata

I roto i te mutunga o te 1950 Margaret ki te pūngao hou ka timata ki te mahi mo te pōtitanga pāremata. Ko te mea uaua tino ko ki te kitea te mataeinaa, e taea tu rite te kaitono. timata ia ki Kent, engari ko te reira i te tuarua e kua katia reira te ara ki te Paremete. I roto i te tahi atu takiwa o te taua āhuatanga mataeinaa tikanga rite. I te wa ano i roto i te kore Finchley puta kaitono ki te rere hoki Pāremata. Kua tīmata te mahi! Kaiuru i runga i tenei pae i 200 te iwi. tuhituhi whakataetae, i hua i roto i 22 kaiuru i tīpakohia i whakahaere. Na ka puritia te whakaaturanga ā-waha, i muri nei i reira e 4 anake kaitono, i roto nei ko Margaret Thatcher. I pōtitia ia rite te kaitono o te takiwa, i te auraa e tona pōtitanga tūturu ki te Pāremata.

I roto i te 1959, ka haere ia ki te Pāremata o Ingarangi - te ara ki tōrangapū i whakatuwheratia. ko te tino kino taua wa hoki timata matatini conservatives i roto i te ōhanga, ka hinga mate Pirimia Macmillan, a rihaina. He pōtitanga Pāremata i roto i 1964, "e noho ana" i runga i te pae pato'iraa Conservative. Otiia i ia Margaret i te taua tau i whakaritea Minita Kōruru mo Housing.

rangatira rōpū

kua 70 tau kua uaua mo te ōhanga me te āhuatanga ā-i roto i te UK. I roto i te wā he vahaataimi timata te whenua ki te hoki whakamuri i roto i tona whanaketanga, me te kore e whakaurua ara i roto i te tihi kau taki kotahi tekau, ahakoa kua tonu reira i te mua.

I roto i te 1974, whakaarahia he pātai i pā ana ki te kōwhiringa o te matenga o nga conservatives. hoatu mua Margaret Thatcher tona kaitono ki te riro i te tāwhai ki rangatira o nāianei E. Heath. Kua mahue Elections ia i roto i te ru: 276 - 130 pōti i maka i roto i manakohia o Thatcher, me 19 anake mo Heath, i muri i haere atu e ia tona kaitono. Otiia hei utu i Margaret tāwhai hou. Ko te tino nuinga o nei ko te Whitelaw. Ko te a tawhio tuarua o pōtitanga i runga i 02.11.1975 i kitea he painga undoubted i puritia Thatcher: hoki pōti reira 146 māngai pōtitia, riro hoki Whitelaw 79 pōti.

Ko te wa tino uaua mo nga Conservatives, ratou rua patua i roto i nga pōtitanga Pāremata, i maturuturu iho te maha o ngā mema o te rōpū koi, ka haere mai te raruraru rōpū. Ko te mārama: e hiahiatia ana te rōpū "toto hou." A ki Thatcher rite kotahi, akakoromaki i tenei misioni uaua.

Ko te kaupapa here Iron Lady Margaret Tetcher Ingarangi

Ia te tuatahi ka pirimia i roto i 1979. Ko te hunga i mau ma'itiraa fifi: ki o ratou rawa mutu kore tetahi ko tino o te wikitoria o te conservatives, engari whakakitea nga whika whakamutunga e 339 o nga nohoanga 635 i roto i te Pāremata e faataahia ki te conservatives. mohio Margaret e taea ki te ite i te whakaaro paopao i roto i tona matenga no te neke atu i te tau ko ia inaianei. I roto i te ora tōrangapū o Great Britain tomo te wā hou.

Wā rite pirimia Margaret Thatcher i rawa kukū: pakaru ki raruraru ōhanga me te pāpori i roto i te whenua. Kua hinga UK wahi o ahumahi i roto i te ōhanga ao i te hauwhā mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Enterprises parekura, utu nui iti. Na kua takoha kaipakihi ki te whakaiti i te kounga o ngā hua i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te utu. Kua timata kē te raruraru ōhanga ki te whakawhanake i ki te tōrangapū, te whakawhānui i te whenua i roto.

ringa kaki me te tikanga fakaaoao o Margaret Thatcher i awhina te UK, a huri noa te iwi o Ingarangi te tiki i te reka o te wikitoria, ka ki te kawe hoki i te āhua.

ko tonu māmā, me te u i roto i pā ana ki ngā take i ngā taumata katoa Margaret. Ia pakeke whawhai ki nga uniana, "whiners" me te werau. E rave rahi panaia tika tona rigidity, engari tonu haere te nuinga i muri ia no te mea o tenei faaotiraa taua i roto i whakaoti rapanga. Na reira, kua kua rua anō-pōtitia reira ki te pou o te pirimia.

Tetahi o nga minita pirimia o te rau tau XX kihai i noho tenei pou he wa roa. Kua riro te reira i te tohu o te wā o te anō o Great Britain, he i te faatere o te whenua.

Reform, me te whakatutuki i Thatcher

kihai i Margaret ia karanga ahau he wahine - e mea ia: ko ahau te kaitōrangapū, me te kaitōrangapū e kore ira. whakakitea ia itoito i roto i nga wahi te wahi kihai i whai i te reira tangata nui.

Ko e taimi ia i tuku i te reira e te pakanga i roto i nga Moutere Falkland ki Argentina. āta te United Basileia, a whakakitea Thatcher ratou faaotiraa i roto i tenei whakaaro i te whakauru hōia i reira, i muri i i akina atu nga ope Parata ki te waiho i te motu. Tenei pakanga iti, ko tetahi atu wikitoria tōrangapū o te Iron Lady. E te ara, i homai e ia te īngoa o te tino Russian. I roto i tona whenua ake mō te huru uaua ko Margaret tawhiti iti ta'angá, hei tauira, "Rame" ranei "tank Armoured".

Ko e me'a mālie ia ka ko Thatcher Britain maungārongo ki te Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev me tana wahine i te toro ki te kāwanatanga i roto i London. ka karanga Margaret tona tauira Soviet ki "i puwhenua te" i roto i te tikanga maha, i ratou i roto i te whakaaetanga, ahakoa i reira nga rerekētanga.

Ko te hanganga tīmataria e te Iron Lady, kohuatia iho ki te toru haapiiraa matua:

• whakaiti i roto i te tāke mō te mahi nui;
• te hokotanga o te rāngai tūmatanui whakaurunga ohaoha;
• he whakaiti nui i roto i te pire utu.

Ko te whakamutunga, o te akoranga, i tino ta'emanakoa ki te nuinga o te iwi, engari kua kairau a he wāhi pai i roto i te ōhanga memenge.

He nui i roto i aua tau i te raruraru o Ulster hoki reira. Kua whakahuatia Margaret Thatcher hohonu tōrangapū whakaaro nui, te ata noho, engari i te faaotiraa faahiahia taua wā. whakaekea ia ki te hoatu Ulster (Airangi ki te Raki) motuhake i Ingarangi, ki te whakaatu te pupuri o referendums e e pooti te nuinga o te taupori mō tenei whakatau. Heoi pono e kore ki i tenei: he hua o Ulster ko raro i te aegis o te Basileia United tenei ra. Me kï reira e te Ira (Irish Republican Army) ara faanahonaho te whawhai i runga i te Pirimia e makape te poma, engari kihai i Margaret pakaru, pērā i ētahi atu kau taki o te Rōpū Conservative.

pirimia Care

I roto i te 1990, rihaina Margaret Thatcher. Heoi, kua haere te reira i te taitahi katoa. i taea e ki hoki ki te Basileia United tona kaha mua, me te marama Iron Lady, e hoki i te reira kotahi ano tetahi o nga kau taki o te ōhanga ao me tōrangapū. Ka noho tēnei nama ake i roto i te mahara o te iwi o Ingarangi, me te ingoa o Margaret Thatcher taia ake i roto i te aamu tōrangapū o te UK. April 8 haere, kei te 2013 Iron Lady. E rave rahi miharo: Thatcher pehea tau? i ora ai Margaret he roa, te ora ngā, pa tonu 87 nga tau o te tau. I tū Poroporoaki haerenga i roto i te aroaro o Kuini Irihapeti II, nga te mau melo o tona utuafare, me te tau tōrangapū o te wā kua pahemo.