Party Nasí (NSDAP): kau taki hōtaka, tohu, hītori

I roto i te Tiamana i roto i te tau 1920 i te timatanga o tona oraraa Nasí Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), i roto i Russian - Nasí Party, ranei NSDAP) ka i roto i 1933 te rōpū ture anake i roto i te mana i roto i te whenua. , I rewa Whakatau o te whakakotahi anti-Hitler i muri i te hinga i te 1945, i te mau tamataraa Nuremberg tona ārahitanga e mōhiotia ana hara, me te Māoritanga muhu tika ki te riri o te oraraa tangata.

timata

I roto i 1919 i roto i te Munich, he reriwe mīhini Antonom Drekslerom whakaturia nga Kaimahi Tiamana 'Party (DAP) i runga i te tūāpapa o te Komiti o te mahi mō te rangimarie (Freien Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden), i mea i hanga ano hoki e Drexler. Tona kaitohutohu - Paora Tafel, kaiwhakahaere me te rangatira o te Pan-German League, hoatu te whakaaro o te hanga ko te rōpū iwi e okioki i runga i te kaimahi. I raro i te parirau o te WCT mai i te wä i reira kua pā ana ki 40 te mau melo. Ko te hōtaka o te tōrangapū kihai i ano whakawhanakehia makona rōpū.

piri Adolf Hitler te raupapa DAP i Mahuru 1919, a ono nga marama i muri mai i kauwhautia ai "Ko te hōtaka o rua tekau-rima ngā," āhuatanga me te huringa ingoa. Na hopea riro ia tona ingoa rite Nasí Party. haere mai ake Hitler ia ki innovations e i kua i kauwhautia National Hapori i tenei wa i roto i Austria. Hei tārua i te ingoa o te rōpū Austria, whakaarohia Hitler he Sōsialisi-Revolutionary Party. Otiia i whakakikitia e ia. mau pānui ake te whakaaro, whakaiti i te whakarāpopototanga ki "Nasí", rite ki te ingoa "sotsi" (te mua) kua vai e te faaauraa.

Rua tekau-rima ngā

Hei hoatu i tēnei hōtaka nō, e paingia ana i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1920, ka whai te poto.

1. kia whakakotahi Germany nui Tiamana katoa i roto i to ratou rohe.
2. Hei wāhanga i roto i nga ngā katoa o te Tiriti Versailles atu ki te whakaū i te tika o Tiamana ki te whare motuhake, he whanaunga ki te iwi atu.
3. Lebensraum: rapu rohe atu ki te whakaputa i te kai, me te ki te whakatau i te taupori Tiamana te whakanui ake.
4. whakaaetia Raraunga te i runga i te pūtake o te iwi. e kore e motu Tiamana Hurai.
5. Katoa kore-Tiamana anake e taea e manuhiri.
6. Me mau pou e pā ana te tika pūkenga iwi me ngā āheinga hoko e wātea ana, he Kāore tetahi cronyism mahere.
7. takoto ana te āhua kei te ki te whakarato i te tikanga mo te oraraa o tangata. A, no te e araia kore o ngā rauemi katoa tangata-kore i te maha o ngā kaiwhiwhi rawa.
8. Urunga o kore-Tiamana i roto i Siamane ki te mutu.
9. i te tika e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te hopoi'a ki whai wāhi i roto i te pōtitanga tangata katoa.
10. kua ki te mahi mo te pai noa katoa tangata Tiamana.
11. raupatutia moni manakore.
12. hua katoa roaa i te utu o te whawhai, raupatutia.
13. Kōawa o hinonga nui katoa.
14. Kaimahi me ngā kaimahi whai wāhi i roto i te hua o hinonga nui.
15. kia tika tawhito-tau penihana.
16. Ko te hiahia ki te tautoko i ngä iti me kaihokohoko, te whakawhiti ki a ratou nga toa nui katoa.
17. Hanganga i tikanga whenua, whakamutunga o nounou.
18. Nounou te mate, kua whiua hara katoa mercilessly.
19. Whakakapinga o te ture Roma i roto i te ture Tiamana.
20. Ko te faaapīraa o te pūnaha mātauranga i roto i Germany.
21. tautoko State o metua vahine, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga taitamarikitanga.
22. ratonga hei hōia, hei utu o te ope motu ngaio.
23. pāpāho katoa i roto i te whenua kia te Tiamana anake, kore-Tiamana mahi i roto i a ratou rāhuitia te.
24. he free karakia, ki te kahore hoki te karakia, e he kino Germany. whakakahore fakamatelié Hurai.
25. Te whakapakari i te kāwanatanga pokapū tōtika whakatinana i te ture.

pāremata

Mai i te hōtaka April 1920 tuatahi o Hitler tōrangapū ka e pā ana, a mai 1926 whakapuakina nga tikanga katoa o tona inviolable. Mai i 1924 ki te 1933 ka riro te rōpū whakauka me hohoro whakakaha. whakaatu pōtitanga Pāremata tupu o ngā kaipōti German pooti nga tau.

Ki te riro i te Pāti Nasí 6.6 anake% i roto i te pōtitanga, ka i roto i Hakihea, a tae noa iti i roto i Mei o 1924 - 3 anake%, te mea i roto i 1930 te pōti i 18.3%. I roto i te 1932, kaitautoko o hapori National tino nui haere i roto i te Hōngongoi hoki pōti te NSDAP 37.4%, me te hopea, i roto i Maehe 1933, tata 44% o te pōti i whiwhi te rōpū Hitler. Mai 1923, Congresses tū auau o te Pāti Nasí, i reira kua kotahi tekau, a ka i tū te whakamutunga i roto i te tau 1938.

Māoritanga

Māoritanga totalitarian o hapori National fakatahai nga mea timatanga o te hapori, racism, te nationalism, anti-Semitism, fascism me anti-Communism. Ko Ko te aha ua faaite te Pāti Nasí tona whāinga o hanga te āhua Aryan viivii ore iwi me te rohe nui, e kua mea katoa e hiahia ana koe mo tou pai-oranga me te te pai o te-tau mano Laisi.

hanga Hitler te pūrongo tuatahi i mua i te rōpū-nuku 1919. Na ka ka timata te hītori o te rōpū tika, a ko te iti te whakarongo - kotahi anake rau me ma tahi iwi. Otiia kawea atu te heke mai Führer ratou katoa. I roto i te parau tumu, te mau marôraa mana'o i roto i tona kupu e kore te huri - kua kē puta te putanga o te fascism. I te tuatahi, ka korerotia Hitler te nui kite ia Germany me ona hoariri whakaaturia: Hurai me Marxists, e kua whakahe i te whenua ki te hinga i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau me te mamae muri. Na ka ka mea ai e pā ana ki te rematch me te patu Tiamana e ka whakakore i te rawakore i roto i te whenua. Ko te whakaritenga mo te hoki o te koroni i roto i te noa'tu o "whakarihariha" te Tiriti o Versailles i whakapakaritia e te whakaaro ki te tāpiri maha rohe hou.

hanganga rōpū

Hanga Nasí Party i runga i te parau tumu rohe, ko aroākapa te hanganga. no te mana tino me mana mutunga ki te heamana rōpū. Ko te upoko tuatahi i te Hānuere 1919 ki tanguru 1920 ko te kairīpoata Karl Harrer. Kei te whai wāhi mātātoa ia i roto i te hanga o te WCT. I whakakapi ia e Anton Drexler, he tau i muri mai ka te heamana hōnore o te rōpū, ka tukua nga whatumanawa ki Adolf Hitler i Hōngongoi 1921.

Tonu te taputapu rōpū arahina e te Führer Tuarua. Mai i 1933 ki te 1941, i noho te rua o nga tūranga i te Rudolf Hess, hanga te Nasí Party Chancellery, e tonu i roto i te tau 1933 ka arahina Martin Bormann, i 1941, kua puta ke ki te tari matua o te Chancellery Party. Mai 1942, Borman - Hekeretari o te Führer. I roto i te 1945, i tuhituhi Hitler he pai ai i roto i i whakapumautia e ia te pou hou rōpū - puta minita i runga i te take rōpū, i meinga tona matenga. Bormann noho i te matenga o te Pāti Nasí roa - e pā ana ki wha ra, i runga i te toru tekau o Aperira tae noa ki te hainatanga o te tukunga o te tuarua o Mei.

tona aroraa

A, no te ngana nga kau Nasí tukipoto, tukuna te Bavarian Komihana Gustav von Kahr te tikanga kati te National pāpori Party. Heoi, mahi ki kahore he painga, me te rongonui o te rōpū, me te Führer tupu tere nui: i roto i te 1924 no wha tekau Reichstag kawana ki te NSDAP. I tua atu, huna te mau melo o te rōpū i raro i ngā ingoa atu o ngā rōpū hou hanga. E pā ana hoki tēnei ki Tiamana kotahi te hapori motu, Huriu Streicher, me te Popular Poraka me te National pāpori Liberation Movement, a he tokomaha atu maha iti o ngā mema o te rōpū.

I roto i te 1925, ka haere mai te Rōpū Nasí i ano i runga i te mana ā-ture, engari kua rite ona kau taki i runga i te pātai pono rauhanga - me pehea me i roto i te nui hapori me te nationalism tenei kaupapa. Ko te kupu, i wehea te rōpū ki e rua nga parirau. 1926 katoa i haere ki te ritua, me te pakanga kawa i waenganui i te tika, me te maui. amuiraa Party i roto i Bamberg ko te päoka o tenei riri. Na, Mei 22, 1926, kihai i hinga nga ngā whakahēnga, Hitler i Munich pōtitia tonu ratou rangatira. A meatia ana e ratou i te reira kotahi.

Ko te take mo te rongonui o Nazi

I roto i te Tiamana, ko te tihi o te pakeke o te pae faarava'iraa i roto i nga uofulu wawe o te rau tau rua tekau, tupu te riri whakakotahi e amuamu rohe. Ki tenei whakamārama, kihai i pena uaua ohmurit whakaaro papatipu o te nationalism me militarism, korero ana i te iwi ariki, me te misioni hītori o Germany. tupu te maha o kaitautoko me te pukuaroha o te Pāti Nasí tere, te kukume i nga rarangi o nga mano Nasí me mano o tamariki i ngā akomanga rerekē me taonga. whakawhanakehia hihiri Pāti me kore e vahavaha nei tikanga whāia i roto i whakatū kau muimui hou.

Tāpare, i hanga te tapahanga o te Pāti Nasí, ko tino mīharo: hoki te wahi tino i ratou i te mau melo o te kāwanatanga whakamararatia rōpū paramilitary me feohi hoia '(Pan-German League me te Tiamana o tangata Union o hara, me te korero, mo te tauira). I roto i te Hānuere 1923, te Congress tuatahi o te rōpū, hei pupuri i Hitler he hui o whakatohungatanga o te haki o te NSDAP. Na i reira nga nga tohu Nasí. I muri i te mutunga o te Congress haere te tira rama tuatahi o ono mano stormtroopers SA. I roto i te hinga o te rōpū kua neke atu i te 55 mano tangata i.

Teuteu ki te tango i runga i te ao

I roto i te Hui-tanguru riria ano 1925 tīmata ki te whakaputa nūpepa tuatahi - okana o te Pāti Nasí - "Volkischer Beobachter". Na ka hanga e Hitler tetahi o ona hoko angitu tino - i tona taha oho Goebbels, e whakaturia te "Angrif" makasini. I tua atu, i te whai wāhi ki te iriti ratou rangahau ariā ki te "National pāpori marama" i te NSDAP. I roto i te Hōngongoi 1926, i te Weimar Congress o te Pāti Nasí, faaoti Hitler ki te huri i te tātai rōpū.

Engari o tikanga kaiwhakatuma o te pakanga ki hoariri tōrangapū, tūtohutia ia ki kotēhia i nga hanganga whakahaere katoa, pōtitia ki te Reichstag me i roto i te Pāremata kāwanatanga. i te reira ki te kia meatia, a te akoranga, i waho tuku atu o aroaro o te whāinga matua - te haepapatanga o Communism me te whakahounga o te whakatau Versailles Tiriti.

kohi whakapaipai

whakahaere tini katoa o tinihanga ki a Hitler ki anaanatae te hōtaka o te NSDAP i Germany, te whika pūtea, me te ahumahi tino nui. Party Trust a piri ona rarangi pērā rangatira rite Wilhelm Kappler, Emil Kirdorf, ētita utu nūpepa Walther Funk, Tiamana o te Reichsbank Yalmar Shaht, a he tokomaha o te hunga e, i roto i te tua ki tona ake mema ko te PR pai mo te iwi, kawea mai ki roto ki te pūtea rōpū moni nui o te moni. faahohonu te raruraru, tupu kore mahi uncontrollably, kihai i nga Democrats Social whakatika te māia o te iwi. Te nuinga o ngā rōpū pāpori ngaro whenua, collapsing nga turanga rawa o ratou oraraa.

He pau ngä iti, ta ratou whakapa te kāwanatanga o te manapori i roto i ratou whakapawera. E rave rahi i kite i te ara i roto i o tenei āhuatanga, anake ki te whakapakari i te kaha me te kāwanatanga kotahi-rōpū. Ēnei whakaritenga, me te hihiko piri nga rangatira peeke moni, a ka kaipakihi o nui-tauine, awhina NSDAP i kaupapa pōtitanga. e pā ana katoa ki tenei rōpū, me te fakafo'ituitui ki wawata Hitler iwi-whānui, me te whaiaro. Hoki te taonga, ko reira arai matua protivokommunistichesky. I roto i te Hōngongoi 1932 i kauwhautia te hua tuatahi: 230 nohoanga i roto i te pōtitanga Reichstag ki 133 nga Democrats Social me nga Kominiusi 89.

kōwae

Hei wāhanga o te rōpū i roto i te 1944, i reira nga iwa Angeschlossene Verbände - ngā uniana adjoint, e whitu Partei Gliederungen der - wehenga rōpū, me te wha whakahaere. Uniana e kua piri te Party Nasí, tito o te ture, ngā kaiako, pononga ture, tākuta, tikanga, āwhina uniana ki ngā pārurenga o te whawhai, uniana toko i pāpori mua mahi, me te haumi korero. Ko ratou i roto i te hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere motuhake ki ngā tika ā-ture, me te taonga.

rōpū tōrangapū i roto i Germany i wae: Hitler, te SS (ope haumaru), te SA (turupa tupuhi), ngā uniana kotiro German, ahorangi, ngā ākonga, wahine (NS-Frauenschaft), mīhini mai Corps. Organizations e kua piri te rōpū o Adolf Hitler, i te huihui, engari e kore e nui rawa, ko reira: Company Culture, Union o hapu nui, te hapori Tiamana (Deutscher Gemeindetag) me "Ohipa o wahine Tiamana" (Das Deutsche Frauenwerk).

wehenga whakahaere

i wehea Germany ki toru tekau-toru hoatu - rohe rōpū, coinciding ki te vahenga. nui haere o ratou tau i runga i te wā: i roto i te 1941 ko reira 43 Gow, me whakahaere ke o te NSDAP. wehea Gau ki takiwa, me te hunga - i runga i nga manga rohe, me ētahi atu - me te poraka pūtau. I roto i te poraka i ngā ki 60 whare.

Ia kōwae whakahaere rōpū ahu e Gauleiter, krayslyayter me te rite. I i hanga te whenua, aua, o te taputapu rōpū, ko nga rangatira Tohu Hei, te ana'iraa me te āhua, e whakapaipai nga tohu Nasí. tuhu buttonholes Tae ki te mema, me te tūranga i roto i te whakahaere.

manga

NSDAP whakarongo ratou ake ngā mema e kore e anake rōpū, engari te rōpū me hoa i roto i Germany, a i roto i te whenua e nohoia. I roto i Italy, tae noa ki 1943 , Penito Mussolini arahina te National Fascist Party (whakapono ki hei te pouraka o te fascism i tika i reira), ka tahuri ki te Republican Fascist Party. I roto i Spain, i reira e tino ti'aturi i runga i te phalange Spanish NSDAP.

ngāue hoki rite whakahaere i Slovakia, Romania, Croatia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, nga Netherlands, Norway. Na ko Belgium ko Denmark i roto i te tikanga totonu o te tari NSDAP runga tona rohe, ara tohu Nasí hāngai tata rawa. Me kï reira e katoa o enei āhua, te wahi i hanga te Party Nasí, whai wāhi i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i te taha o Tiamana, a i roto i te whakarau Soviet i maha māngai i katoa o enei whenua.

hinga

Ko te tukunga herekore o 1945 ka mutu ano ki te nanakia tino o nga rōpū katoa ake whakaputaina e te taata nei. e kore NSDAP rewa anake engari ano hurinoa rāhuitia, Kei te tino mau pu te taonga, whakataua, ka mahi i nga kaititiro. Heoi, te whakahaere tonu maha ngā mema o te rōpū ki te mawhiti ki Amerika ki te Tonga, te kawana Spanish o Franco i āwhina i roto i tenei i te whakarato i te kaipuke, me āwhina a.

Whakatau o te whakakotahi anti-Fascist o Germany pehia tino te tukanga o te denazification, tirohia melo itoito o te NSDAP i roto i ngā: pananga i te whakahaere ranei i te kura - he mea he utu iti rawa ki te utu mo te mea i mea ai ia i roto i te whenua o fascism.

te wā kaumātua

I roto i te Tiamana i roto i te 1964, i whakaarahia ano fascism tona matenga. puta te reira i Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands - National Democratic Party o Germany, kua tūnga nei iho te mono ki te NSDAP. Hoki te wā tuatahi mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka whakatata te neo-Nazis te Bundestag - 4.3% i roto i te pōtitanga 1969. Tae noa ko te NPD i Germany mātauranga neo-Nasí, me te tahi atu, pāpori Reich Party Remer, hei tauira, engari kia tuhia te reira e hua nui, kahore o ratou tutuki i te taumata e hānga ana.