Ko te kawe ia waiariki o konganuku me tona whakamahinga

Konganuku - he taonga he hanganga karaihe. A, no te hana, e taea ki te ngohe, e ko, ki te āhua inu ratou. Etahi o ratou i te ira whakakoero iti: e taea te rewa ratou e whakatakoto he koko noa, me te pupuri i te mura o te rama. Tenei mata me te tine. kia rewa ai etahi anake i roto i oumu motuhake. High ira whakakoero i parahi, me te rino. whakaurua hoki tona whakaiti ki te tāpiri maitai te. Ko te alloys whiwhi (maitai, parahi, maka rino, te parahi) he ira whakakoero raro atu i te whakarewa matua.

Mai i te mea e te pāmahana rewa o te whakarewa? E ratou katoa etahi āhuatanga - kaha wera, me te kawe ia ngāwhā o konganuku. Ko te kaha wera ko te kaha o te ngongo wera, ka wera. Ko tōna taupū tau - wera motuhake. I raro i te mea he nui o te pūngao i te mea e taea ki te takanga mai i te papatipu wae o te whakarewa te tahu e te e 1 ° C. Mai i tenei ahua, tei runga i te kohi wahie i roto i te para i te workpiece whakarewa ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana. Ko te wera motuhake o te nuinga o ngā konganuku i roto i te whānuitanga o te 300-400 J / (kg * K), alloys whakarewa - 100-2000 J / (kg * K).

Ko te kawe ia waiariki o konganuku - ko te whakawhitinga o te wera i te wera ki te matūriki makariri i te ture o Fourier i roto i to ratou immobility macroscopic. Tei te reira i runga i te hanganga o te rauemi, tona hanganga matū me te momo o te here interatomic. I roto i te konganuku, kawea te whakawhitinga wera e irahiko, te tahi atu rauemi mārō - phonons. Ko teitei te kawe ia waiariki o whakarewa, te hanganga, tioata atu tino to ratou. Ko te atu poke whakarewa ko, te wini whakakahokaho karaihe atu fakakehei, me te raro te kawe ia ngāwhā. Alloying hanga taua distortion i roto i te hanganga whakarewa, a ka heke te kawe ia waiariki ki te faatura ki te whakarewa matua.

whakarewa katoa ko te kawe ia waiariki pai, engari kotahi ki runga ake i te tahi atu. Tauira o taua konganuku - koura, parahi, me te hiriwa. Raro kawe ia ngāwhā - te tine, konumohe, me te rino. Nui ake kawe ia waiariki o konganuku ko te painga he ngoikoretanga ranei, i runga i te whānuitanga o ratou whakamahinga rānei. Hei tauira, e titau te reira i te peihana whakarewa mo whakawera tere o te kai. I te wa ano, i te whakamahi o te konganuku ki te kawe ia waiariki tiketike mo te hanga o kakau kanisā hanga reira uaua ki te whakamahi - te hapai i hohoro rawa wera, a ki a ratou e kore e taea ki te pa ki. Na reira, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi te tuuraa i konei.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o te whakarewa e pā ona āhuatanga - ngāwhā roha. puta te reira hei hua i roto i te rōrahi o te whakarewa i te mea e wera, me te heke - i roto i te meangiti. Ko te tino tika tenei āhuatanga ki te tango ki pūkete i roto i te hanga o ngā hua whakarewa. Hei tauira, na tapo'io te paraharaha hanga nama, i ngā ano tīpāta he āputa i waenganui i te taupoki, me te whare kia e ka kore te whiua cover wera.

Hoki ia whakarewa i tātai tau whakarea o ngāwhā roha. Kei te takoto te reira na roto i te whakawera i te 1 ° C tauira whakamātau he roa o te 1 m. Ko te whakarea nui he mata, konutea, he tine. Iti reira o te parahi, me te hiriwa. Ahakoa raro - rino, me te koura.

Na roto i te āhuatanga matū o te konganuku e wehea ki te maha ngā rōpū. konganuku He hohe (hei tauira, pāhare pāporo konutai ranei) e taea o hangatonu te tauhohe i ki te rangi te wai ranei. E huaina ana te ono konganuku tino kaha whakatu te rōpū tuatahi o te ripanga pūmotu kawakore. E ratou iti ira whakakoero me te kia ngohengohe e taea, ka hatepea ratou ki te maripi. Te whakakotahi ki te wai, i whai ahua ai ratou rongoā kawakore, i konei ratou ingoa.

Kei te rōpū tuarua o te konganuku kawakore whenua -. Konupūmā, konupora, etc. e kitea e ratou i roto i maha kohuke me te totoka whakangutungutu. Tauira o enei konganuku, te toru, te wha rōpū taea mahi ano he mata, me te konumohe. Ko konganuku tino ngohengohe me e maha ratou whakamahia i roto i alloys. Ko te konganuku whakawhiti (rino, chromium, nika, parahi, te koura, te hiriwa) he iti kaha, he rikarika ki, a maha whakamahia i roto i ngā tono ahumahi rite alloys.

Ko te tūnga o ia whakarewa i roto i te mahi rarangi faaite tona kaha ki te tauhohe. Ko te kaha atu te whakarewa, te māmā mauria reira ake hāora. He tino uaua ki te wehe i pūhui ratou, i te mahi iti momo o konganuku taea te kitea i roto i tona ahua parakore. Ko te kaha te nuinga o ratou - pāhare pāporo me te konutai - Kia mau ki karahīni i roto o reira ratou oxidized tonu. O te konganuku whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi, ko te kaha iti rawa parahi. I reira hanga tāke me putorino wera te wai me waea hiko.