Ko te Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Commander o te Order o St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa

Pea ko te tohu tino i roto i te ope Russian Order Military o te Tapu nui Fakapōngí George te wikitoria. pumau te reira i te Empress Catherine II i te mutunga o Whiringa-1769. Na ka whakanui te ra o te turanga Order i St Petersburg. Mai i tenei i runga i ko ia ki kia whakanui nga tau, i te Kooti Imperial kore anake, engari i reira i pai he Knight Grand Cross. E tano ia tapao e ko ōkawa raro atu Andrew o te Order o St. George, engari te tianara te hopoia pai maioha ko te tuatahi o ratou.

kaitiaki tapu o

I runga i te whakatūnga o te hōnore pono hōia i roto i tona wa ka korero ia ara Pita ahau, engari kua kawea atu tona whakaaro, kia rite ki matau koutou, Catherine II. Order o St. George ko te kaiwhakaruruhau. E whakaahuatia tona ora me mahi i roto i te maha tales me ngā pakiwaitara, tae atu i te kōrero pai-mohiotia, me te tuku o te rangatira i ataahua i te tarakona whakamataku, me te kino nakahi ranei. Mea faahiahia, i roto i Kievan Rus 'kore anake, engari puta noa i Europa i roto i te Crusades, i tino whakaaro tenei tapu i roto i te hōia.

Hoki te wā tuatahi ka puta te whakapakoko Georgiya Pobedonostsa i te hiri o te kaiwhakarewa o Moscow - Yuri Dolgoruky, rite i whakaaro tenei te kaiwhakaatu o tona kaiwhakaruruhau. I muri mai i tenei whakapakoko rite te kaieke, patu ki tona nakahi tao, ka anga ki te whakapaipai i te koti o ringa o te whakapaipai Russian.

He take mō te maui

Me kï reira e tuatahi tikanga te Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa i anake mo te raupapatanga runga o te Russian Empire. I muri, ua faaoti Catherine II ki whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o te torutoru mau taata o whakawhiwhia ratou, kia i wehea he tohu ki 4 nga nekehanga. I hoatu e ia te tumu "hoki te taviniraa, me te toa." Muri, i tukua te Order o St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa runga anake mo te Kaiaka Military ki te rangatira fatherland nei rite te feat e kawea mai hua nui, me te angitu oti.

whakaahuatanga

i rerekē i ia atu ēnei tapa'o. Ko te Order o Georgiya Pobedonostsa ko te tohu 1 Grand Cross he whetu koura e wha-oka, i hanga i roto i te puka o te whakarara rite. I piri te reira i ki te taha ki maui o te pouaka. mau Cross Class 1 i runga i te taha ki taua i te huha, he karaka purepure motuhake, me te rīpene pango. I te tihi o ona kākahu mau anake i runga i ngā wā motuhake, me te i runga i te wiki i huna e ia i raro i tona kākahu, me nga pito o te rīpene ki te ripeka tukua atu ki te taha ki kōrā motuhake.

Tohu o te Order o tohu 2 nd o St. George - te reira i te ripeka e ia ki te kia mau a tawhio noa te kaki, i runga i te rīpene kuiti. I tua atu, pera i roto i ngā tohu tohu o mua, i ia he whetu wha-oka. Tono te toru piha haapiiraa i te ripeka iti, mahara nei ki te kia mau i runga i te kaki. Ko te tohu o te tohu 4 piri ki te rīpene i roto i tona pātene.

whetu Gold i roto i te taimana kei roto i te waenganui ki te pirori pango hanga atu ki a ia ki te kupu "hoki te taviniraa me te toa," me i roto i te reira - te mara kōwhai tohu i te ingoa monogram o St. George. Na roto i te Ota o te pono, me te rite-ripeka ki te roha i te pito. Ko tōna paninga he tohu ki ma, me i te taha - te awhi koura. I roto i te feti'a pokapū whakanohoia te i Moscow koti o ringa: i roto i te patu hiriwa Saint Georgiy Pobedonosets, e noho ana i runga i te hoiho, me te patu i te nakahi, a ki runga ki te taha whakamuri - te pouaka ma, me te KarereHuna ano rite te whetu.

Ko te tohu o te tohu tuatahi

i pera whakahonoretia Order o te Tapu nui Pobedonostsa Georgiya, a, e mo te wa katoa o tona oraraa tohu piha 1 i whakawhiwhia ki te 25 anake te iwi. Ko te kaieke hoiho tuatahi, e kore tatau Catherine II, ko Field Marshal Rumyantsev. I whakawhiwhia e ia te Ota i roto i te 1770 mō te wikitoria i roto i te whawhai i Larga. Ko te whakamutunga - Grand Duke Nikolai Matua i roto i 1877, mo te hopu o mua, me te hinga o te ope o Osman Pasha. I roto i te whakaatu i tenei nui-mutunga utu raro roa whakawhiwhia.

Hoki ngā ratonga ki te Russian Empire Order o St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa i homai te tohu 1 tona, engari ano hoki motu ke e kore e anake. Hei tauira, kua riro te tohu o te kororia o te piha haapiiraa teitei i runga i te tau Kingi Carl XIV o Sweden, he kaiwhakahaere mua o te ope a Napoleon, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal Britain Te Ūpoko o te Ika, Prince Louis o France Angouleme, Austrian Field Marshal Yozef Radetsky, te Tiamana Hiha Wilhelm ahau , me etahi atu.

Order o te tohu tuarua

whakawhiwhia te reira i 125 te iwi. Ko te kaiaka rawa tuatahi o tenei tohu ka Rūtene-Tianara P. iramutu i 1770, me te whakamutunga - o te ope French, General Ferdinand Foch i 1916 mō te angitu i roto i te mahi Verdun.

Ko reira ngā e mo te wa katoa o te Order Tuatahi o te Ao o St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa te tohu 1 e kore hoatu. Otiia i taea e ki te whiwhi wha anake hōia Russian tohu piha 2. Ko ratou te Grand Duke Nikolai Jr., ko wai i reira rangatira i roto i te tino o te ope Russian, me te rangatira o akina - tianara Ivanov, Nikolai Ruza ko N. Yudenich. Ko te rongonui tino te whakamutunga o ratou, e, i muri i te revolution 1917 arahina e te kaupapa White i roto i te wahi ki te raki-hauauru o Russia.

I roto i te Judenich Tuatahi o te Ao whawhai ia ki te ope Turkish i runga i te mua Caucasian. Tona Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa tuatahi tohu 4-th, roaa ia i roto i Sarikamish mahi, i mutu i Hānuere 1915. I muri ona General tango hoki tohu mo te whawhai ki nga Turkey: kōeke 3 - mo te hinga o te ope hoariri, me te 2 - mo te hopu o Erzerum me te tūranga wahine-Beynskoy.

E te ara, ka tahuri te reira i roto i ki te hei i te N. penultimate Yudenich Knight rangatira o te Order o te tohu 2 me te tohu hou i roto i tangata Russian. Ko nga tangata ke, te Order o St. George kua riro e rua anake iwi: te whānui French Zhozef Zhoffr ko Ferdinand Foch, i whakahuatia i runga ake.

Tuatoru Order Class

I homai tenei tohu ki neke atu i te ono rau te iwi. ka te tuatahi Knight o te Whakatau he Rutene Kanara F. Fabritsian i 1769. I roto i te Ao whakawhiwhia 60 taiea tohu 3, i roto i nei, ko te hunga tianara mohiotia nuitia rite L. Kornilov, N. Judenich, F. Keller, A. Kaledin, A.Denikin ko N. Dukhonin.

I roto i te Pakanga Civil, te Order o St. George 3 tohu tuhia feat tekau hoia e whakanuia ratou e whawhai i roto i nga rarangi o te kaupapa White ki te ope o nga mua. Ko Admiral Alexander Kolchak, Meiha Tianara S. Wojciechowski me Rūtene-Tianara Vladimir Kappel ko H. Wierzbicki tenei.

Order o te wha o nga tohu

Whakaorangia nga tatauranga i te issuance o tenei tohu ki 1813 anake. I roto i tenei wā, i whakawhiwhia te Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa 1195 tangata. E ai ki ngā puna, riro te reira nui atu i 10,5-15 mano. Faatere. Fele i whakaputaina ana e ia mo te wā i whakaritea o mahi i roto i te ope, ka i 1833, a mo te tango wahi i roto i te iti rawa tetahi o nga whawhai. Ahakoa 22 tau i muri mai whakawhiwhia te Order o St. George tohu 4-th mō te mahi arero, me te whakakorea katoa. Ko te kaiaka tuatahi o, kia kua meinga tenei tohu te kaupapa o Russian whakamārama Prime Meiha RL Patkul i 1770 mo te pehanga o te tutu Polish.

i tuhia i tenei tohu toa whawhai anake mo Empress Catherine II, rite nga kaiwhakatū o te Order, me nga wahine e rua. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - Maria Sofia Amalie, Kuini o te Sicilies rua. whai wāhi ia i roto i te pakanga hōia ki Garibaldi me mo ona ratonga i whakawhiwhia te Order o te tohu 4 i roto i te tau 1861.

whakawhiwhia te wahine tuarua a RM Ivanova. mahi ia i roto i te Russian Army tuahine o te aroha i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Tona feat ko te meka e muri i te matenga o te kaimahi whakahau katoa he kaiārahi kamupene kua riro te reira. I whakawhiwhia te reira i murimatetia, rite kua mate roa te wahine i tona whara.

I tua atu, i te Order o St. George tohu 4-th whakawhiwhia me te maha o ngā māngai o te minita hōia. ka te tuatahi Knight-tohunga Vasily Vasilkovsky tohu mō te itoito whaiaro i roto i te whawhai o Maloyaroslavets me Vitebsk. I roto i te XIX me XX wawe rau, ko te tikanga tukua i runga i tetahi atu 17 nga wa, me te tohu whakamutunga i roto i te 1916.

Knights o te Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa

Ko te tuatahi nei riro tenei tohu tiketike a Kānara FI Fabritsian, e mahi i roto i te 1 Grenadier Akuhata. whakanuia e ia ia i roto i te Mokoia o Galati, i puta i te timatanga o Hakihea 1769. kawea ano e ia tohu 3 faahiahia.

He kau ma'u tonu o te Order o St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa, whakawhiwhia akomanga wha katoa. rangatira te reira i M. B. Barklay de Tolly me MI Golinischev-Kutuzov-Smolensky me rua kauwhata - I. I. Dibich-Zabalkansky me Paskevich-Erivan. I roto i whakawhiwhia tenei wehewehe i nga autocrats Russian. I tua atu ki tona te haamauraa i te Order o Catherine II raraunga to tatou nekehanga rerekē, fetaulaki'anga muri katoa, me te haunga o Paora I.

haamaitairaa

E tano ia tapao e tukua te Order George hoatu te wikitoria ratou rangatira i te rota o tika me mau haamaitairaa. kihai i tukua ratou ki te hanga utu i pokepokea-moni ki te takotoranga moni, rite i tikanga i roto i te hanga o ētahi atu tohu tiketike. i ratou te tika ki te kakahu kākahu hōia, ara, ki te kahore ratou i tiaraa manakohia ki te waiho he wā-tau kotahi tekau.

rite tika Knights o tetahi whakahau raraunga hanahana tuku. Mai i Paenga-whāwhā 1849 ka katoa o ratou ingoa e tomo i runga i te tohu mapere motuhake i whakairihia i roto i te St. George Hall o te Kremlin Palace. I tua atu, i roto i aua kura i reira ako i mua rangatira, te wahi o te kororia kia whakairihia ratou whakaahua.

Ki Heroes whakarato hoki mo te utu o te penihana mo'uí. rangatira pakeke i whiwhi nekehanga katoa i 150 mano ki te 1. moni ia tau. I tua atu, atu nga ngaahi faingamālie ki ratou pouaru: Ka taea e nga wahine riro penihana o ratou tane i pohe noa mo te tau katoa.