Ko te roa o te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait he tonu e kore e mohiotia rite. Te hītori, hakari, me te heke mai o te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait

Kua riro Design o te piriti i runga i te rohe o te Peninsula tämän puta noa te Kerch Strait torohaki i muri tonu i te reunification o te Crimea ki Russia. A, no te ka hoatu te huinga waka hou ki te mahi, ka tika hono reira Krasnodar rohe me te Crimea. Wawe tonu whakaturia peka mo te mahi hoahoa, me te rangahau i runga i te hanga ano. I kore te reira mohiotia he aha e waiho te roa o te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait. Pea te kauhanga roa ki te 2 nga wa ki runga ake i te rahi o rite hanga i roto i te 1944. Modern whakawhiti piriti tino whakatere i te whanaketanga o te tāpoi i roto i te rohe me te ahuwhenua.

Ko te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait. whakaahua kaupapa

i te aroaro Kaupapa o whakaurunga whakawhiti waka ki nga tohunga o te Tāhuhu o Transport o te Russian Federation me ngā mema o te kōmihana interdepartmental. Ko tētahi o te hanganga waka hou o Crimea - he piriti taumata-rua puta noa i te Kerch Strait - ka e ngā (ara, me te tereina). haere mai tenei whakatau o nga tohunga Tāhuhu i muri i ako i te kōwhiringa katoa.

Kua hanga kaihoahoa 74 kaupapa rerekē i roto i te utu, te roa o rori uru. I roto ia ratou i reira he kōwhiringa mō te hanga o te kauhanga raro i nga ngā o Tuzla me poaka. i roto i te mara o te tohunga hanga piriti whakaaro nga taea katoa, engari tuhia te reira e ka atu te utu atu i te piriti i te kauhanga, a ka whai i te reira ki te hanga atu. Ko te wā o te hanganga o te piriti ngā puta noa te kuiti - 3.5 tau. He kōwhiringa mo te hanganga o te kauhanga waka i te tauranga "Caucasus" me ētahi atu ngā. Whakaahua o tetahi o nga kaupapa homai he whakaaro o te huinga taumata-rua o rori me ngā rārangi rerewe.

Ko te kaupapa tino whaihua

Tohunga o te Tāhuhu o Waka me te Komihana Interdepartmental āta te korenga i nga kaupapa katoa o te piriti i waenganui i te Caucasus me te Crimea. mohio te fafau tino 4 rerekē o te o 74. Ia tetahi e te roa rerekē o te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait:

1. "Northern" - te ara o Cape rama, me te m koki Iti ki tona roa o 10.3 km ..
2. "Zhukovsky" - he piriti whiti i Zhukovka ki tuwha poaka, roa - 6.3 km.
3. "Yenikalsky" - he piriti kuiti i roto i te te tīaroaro o te Strait o 5,7 km i roto i te roa.
4. "Tuzla" - te whakawhitinga i te waka m Ak-takahi ki Tuzla, te roa o -11,7 Km..

utu kaupapa

I te tīmatanga, ua faaite te Tāhuhu o Transport o te Russian Federation kua te nui iti o 50 piriona. Moni e hiahiatia ana mo te hanganga o te piriti huarahi i waenganui i tämän me Kerch kūrae. ka mea Russian te peresideni Vladimir Putin, a tapiritia te mahi: hanga he huinga waka noa (ara, me te tereina).

Ko te rerekē o tāpiritanga ki te hanga i te piriti o te kauhanga raro i runga i te Strait raro. Ka te tapeke utu o te whare katoa kia para ra ano nga waenganui-ngahuru 2014, ka rite ki te roa o te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait. E te wa kia oti engineering me te whanaketanga mahi, i pai nei kawea atu i roto i te rohe o te hanganga heke mai.

E ai ki tohunga, te hanga o te utu piriti e taea nui $ 300 piriona. Moni. Ka tawhio 84 piriona. moni o te tapeke kia pau i runga i te mahi faaineine. Utu o te kaupapa, me nga piki hanga katoa rite te ako o te āhuatanga māori o te raru, tona hanganga arowhenua me wāhi i runga i te Kerch Peninsula o ngā o hītori, te ahurea me te whaipara.

Bridge i roto i te Kerch Strait

Ko te piriti o Tuzla ki m. Ak-takahi tīpakohia Interministerial Komihana, Ko tā te hanga o te rerewē me te ara ki runga i te reira. Ka rua ara tereina, ka hanga huarahi wha-motokā e whakatakotoria. Muri i runga i te tereina tūtira haere i raro i te pereoo, a muri ki reira. Ka kia hanga motuhake ara, me te tereina whitinga i runga i te turanga tuwha. I roto i te take o te waka kauhanga hanga ki te kaupapa "Tuzla" ka rapua e te tereina me te ara poto tomokanga (36 me 38 km aua). putanga āhuatanga, e ngā te hanga o te āmionga piriti Tuzla Tuhaina, - penapena i roto i te hanga o rori uru.

"Kōwhiringa Tuzla"

Tuzla me te katua e kei roto i te tonga o te raru, i te aano o tona ūnga. Ko tino rerekē i te ara honotanga te tauranga "Kavkaz" i roto i te rawhiti, me te hauauru Chushka whiri Construction i roto i tenei wahi o te kaupapa:

1. "Kōwhiringa Tuzla" whakarato mo te hanganga o te kauhanga roa roa. E ai ki te roa kaupapa o te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait ka tae 11.7 kiromita.
2. Ka whakamahia te wāhi mo te hanganga o te hanganga katoa, tae atu ki ngā warehouses me ētahi atu whakaurunga.
3. Ka riro te reira taea ki te tiaki i nga pānga o nui-unahi arearenga pukepuke tanumanga Haitiana, me te tahi atu wae e hira i roto i te rohe.
4. Ka tamata kaihanga ki circumvent te āhuatanga māori rerekē o Kerch me tämän Peninsula - puia paru.

āhuatanga Natural o te Kerch Strait

Ka timata i te hanganga o te kauhanga roa waka i muri i te otinga o arowhenua, hydrological me ētahi atu rangahau i roto i te rohe o te hanganga o te piriti. E ngā kōrero tikanga nekeneke, he pānga kitea i runga i te rauwiringa kaiao he mahi ohaoha. kore me te mahi kua whakamaheretia meinga kino ki te whakatere me te ika rauemi o te Raukawa. Kua tamata nga kaihoahoa kaupapa ki te whakaaro i te ngā āhuatanga tūturu taketake me tikanga o te tinana o te wai wehe te tämän me Crimea. Kerch Strait (tapeke):

• takenga - nekeneke;
• Length - 45 km;
• whanui - i 4.5 ki te 15 km;
• hohonu - 5-15 m;
• wāhi tino Kerch Peninsula - m Ak-takahi ;.
• Krasnodar mata wāhi tino - m Tuzla ;.
• Climate - āhua continental.

Kerch Strait - waka tawhito kauhanga

pa Kerch whakaturia e ngā tāngata whai Kariki i roto i te waenganui o te BC VI rau. e. Tenei e kitea nga wahi kua ururuatia o te Panticapaeum pa tawhito - te whakapaipai o te Basileia Bosporan. i huaina rohe Strait i roto i nga wa onamata ko te Cimmerian Bosporus ki te ōrite ki te Bosphorus i waenganui i te Moana Black me te miti Égée (moana). Western hake wahi kuiti Kerchensky kūrae Crimean (Tavridy). Ki te rawhiti ko te tämän Peninsula. I roto i te takiwā o Kerch kitea puke Haitiana tanu, whakataunga tawhito, pa taiepa, me ētahi atu urupa o hītori me te tikanga.

Ko te kōrero i waenganui i te rohe ki te hauauru, me te rawhiti vai i roto i nga wa onamata. taea mau ratou kau te huha; wai pāpaku, tūhono i te moana o Azov me te Moana Black Cimmerians. Ko te whanui o te Kerch Strait taea kaihokohoko me kaihao i roto i kaipuke ki te whiti. ngā pa Kerch i roto i te rārangi tuku iho UNESCO rite te rohe i runga i nei te Great Silk Road. ko te wahi o te ara, ka karanga "Varangians ki Kariki" hoki Kerch hongere. I te raro e kitea tetahi wahi ngaro pa Kariki tawhito, whatiwhatinga o manuao o te Ottoman Empire.

History o te piriti (1903-1953)

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, i whakamahere te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi ki te hanga i te ara rerewē i Ingarangi ki te Crimea, he piriti puta noa te Kerch Raukawa, ki te whakatuwhera i te ara ki te Caucasus ki India. I runga i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa kihai i whai moni nui. moe hoki Emperor Nicholas II i 1903 e ka hanga i te āhua Russian he piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait i waenganui Kerch ko tämän, engari te whakatinanatanga o te mahere haukotia e te whawhai o 1914. I roto i te nui Patriotic War, te Te Tai Tokerau-Caucasian rohe me te Crimea ko te scene o whawhai e mura i waenganui Germany me te USSR. hōia Tiamana hanga he piriti Pontoon puta noa te Kerch Strait, engari ka ui te Führer ki te hanga i te 5-kiromita puna tūturu o 1943.

Ko te whakaaro o te piriti i te kaihoahoa Tiamana Alberta Shpeera Nasí-noho kihai i whai wa ki te whakatinana i. I muri i te pana o nga kau Nasí i tämän me Crimea Soviet Engineers ora kaupapa German, te kaihanga whakamahia ngā hanganga whakarewa me te taputapu mahue i muri i te kau Nasí. I te mutunga o Aperira 1944 i timata matou te tāuta puranga, a i roto i te tīmatanga o Noema o te Caucasus ki te taua tau i haere ki te wahi tuatahi o te teihana "Crimea". I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1945 horo te piriti i raro i te pēhanga o te poraka tio e hau a kua aia ngaru i te moana o Azov. I te tau 1953 ka timata ia te mahi waka, te hono i te tämän me Kerch.

Ore roa i mana'ohia Kaupapa Bridge

I muri i te parariraa o te USSR, Russia me Ukraine toutou kua whakaarahia te take o te kauhanga roa waka i roto i te Kerch Strait. Mai 1991 Kua reira kua whakawhanakehia e pā ana ki 20 kaupapa i roto i te kōrero i i tae e te mau peresideni o Ukraine a Russia. I roto i te tau 2004, i te waka te taviniraa i te ara kua whakakapi, a ka kua tomo nga whiriwhiringa ki te wāhanga auroa. Mahi i runga i te kaupapa ka ora ake i roto i 2010, ka ko Ukraine he huringa o te kāwanatanga. I roto i tetahi o i kauwhautia tawhā hanga te whakaaturanga: roa o te piriti - 4.2-4.5 km, pūtea - 24 piriona moni .. Ki Euro-2012 irava waka ko ki te hono i te Caucasus ko Crimea, engari i hiki ano tona hanga. Ko te piriti puta noa te Kerch Strait whakaritea ki te hanga i runga i te mahana o nga Olympics Sochi. Na ka etehi te Komihana he halá mo te putanga poto "raki" (i m. Lantern ki m. Small Kut). i mahue te kaupapa i kahore pepa.

Krasnodar rohe - Crimea

A, no te te hanga i tētahi piriti hou e whakahaere te whakawhitinga ngā o te Strait o Kerch (tauranga "Caucasus" - "Crimea" tauranga). Season 2014 fafau ki hei "wera." Ki te tiki ki te Crimea ki okioki, kei te haere nga mua i te tereina ki Krasnodar Anapa ranei. tonu te ara i te pahi ki te tauranga "Kavkaz", aru i te waka kōpiko ki te tauranga "Crimea" i te whakapaipai o te Kuban, te rohe Moana Black ranei. Ko tētahi atu kē o te tuku o pāhihi - i te waka hourua i Anapa ki tauranga Kerch.

Kerch Bridge: He titiro ki te heke mai

E ai ki te tohunga, i reira e kore tutukitanga ki te hanga o te huinga waka hou. tohunga Russian i te mara o te arowhenua me maatauranga wai nga rangahau e tika ana, me inenga o te rohe o te Kerch Strait whakahaere. Ko te tino hiahia ki te kōwhiringa ara, Nō "Zhukovsky" me "Tuzla". I roto i te arotake tango enei kaupapa ki pūkete maha āhuatanga, tae atu i te tiaki o urupa i runga i nga pareparenga o te Raukawa. Ka hono te piriti e rua rohe hararei rongonui i roto i te hiahia o te whanaketanga. riro te ōhanga o te kūrae o Crimea te tua taimaha ki te hanganga ikiiki e hiahiatia ana mo te whanaketanga o te production, ngā tauranga, kōrero, tāpoi me te ahuwhenua.