Ko te taitara o mahi o toi tawhito. Images o te peita Russian Old

he Old toi Russian e pā ana tika ki te toi o Byzantium, ranei kaua ko reira he manga kaha. Mai e pā ana tona whanaketanga te ki te iriiri a Rus ', e whakaaturia ana te tauira taketake whakapakoko o te hunga tapu, me te scenes te Bibilia. Ko te taitara o mahi o tohu toi tawhito "Ustyug Faaiteraa", "te wahine Orans", "Kirihimete". vai tenei au mo e rave rahi mau tenetere.

era picturesque

Kei te wehea History o peita Russian Old ki wā nui e rua. roa te tuatahi i te waenganui o te IX ki XIII rau. Kei te karanga a te reira i te toi o Kievan Rus.

e pā ana te wā tuarua i te te hanganga o te Moscow State. I roto i tona whanaketanga (i XIII ki rau XVII.), Tuhia e te ngohi maere o mahi tino o te toi. E wehea wā nui i roto i te tahuri ki kaupae iti e kua e pā ana ki etahi ngā hītori, ki te tangohia tona Imprint i runga i nga whakapakoko, me pūrākau e. He unknown nga taitara o nga mahi o te toi tawhito, i hanga nei i roto i te wā mua-Kalisitiané.

Ko te whakapono etene i roto i te mea timatanga, koropiko ki a ia i mahue, kua tatou i te faufaa ai'a o kakano haona a tawhio ki hiriwa pai, ngā whakapakoko o te ra, manu, puawai - mea katoa te mea i whakapono te iwi i te wa. I roto i Kiev tiaki mau hiero ki whakapakoko teiti hoki ki te tau 980. Images o peita Russian Old whakapā Perrunom, Horse, Makosh me ētahi atu atua etene.

Ko te tūranga o Byzantium i te whanaketanga toi o Rus

timata History o te peka Byzantine ki te iriiri a Rus Prince Vladimir. Kua karangatia te reira maha toi ki te whakatū i te mau hiero, me te whakaako i te mahi me te iconography o kaimahi rohe. Ko te hahi matamua i hanga o te rakau. Ia, kāore, e kore kua ora.

I te timatanga o te rau tau XIII, kore i te ope o Batu Khan tata katoa pa Russian. tonu nga morehu o Pskov ko Novgorod ki te hanga i nga kaimahi. Ko tētahi o ratou ko te rongonui Feofan Grek, he Māori o Byzantium. mahi ia ia me ngä pia whakangungua, ko Andrei Rublev tetahi o nei. Ko te taitara o mahi o toi tawhito icon kaipeita - "te Faaiteraa", "te Anahera Kapariera", e pai-mohiotia noa ki te hunga e kore e nei aroha o te toi hohonu - "Descent ki te reinga" me te tini ke atu.

iconography Rublev

Ata me frescoes Andreya Rubleva ka he tauira mo era atu katoa whakatupuranga. E î katoa o ratou ki fakakaukauloto me te haehaa, mahanahana me te aroha mo te Karaiti. Tenei āhuatanga titore tona mahi i te mahi o Feofana Greka, e whakaako Rublev. tuhituhi Kaiwhakaako Byzantine itoito a fakamamahi, i ia. haumi Andrei Rublev wahi o tona wairua i roto i ia o tona wahi. e kore e Old peita icon kaipeita Russian waiho tetahi pā tau'a ranei te iwi noa.

Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau XV, ka whakakahoretia Russia o te ioka o te Tatar-Mongol, timata Moscow ki tupu me te riro i te pokapū tūturu - te whakapaipai o te kāwanatanga kaha. ko Architecture i te tārere ki tonu. pouri Moscow Kremlin te tua atu āhukahuka. He ko he ensemble nui hoahoanga whakapaipai te Cathedral Square. i whakapaipai hiero ki te maha nui o ngā ata me frescoes o ataahua nui.

te ao katoa

I tenei wāhi, koa tonu i ano toi me mahi toi. timata rangatira me hoia o te whānau ki te tono i te rangatira o tūemi ahurei whakairo, kapu, rihi, te nuinga o nei i te aroaro ki te monasteries me mau hiero.

Whānuitia mohiotia tuitui Russia tahito. He nui o reira aroaro i roto i te ohu whakapono Solovetsky. Craftswomen whakairo, marumaru "Cyril Belozersky" haere iconostasis, "te wahine o te Weranga", me ētahi atu. Kua māngai katoa o ratou i roto i te Russian Museum me riro te wahi nui o te tupu toi o te kāwanatanga Russian.

XVII rau anō toi rongonui i roto i te hoahoanga. Ko te taonga tino nui ko te Armory, hanga e nga rangatira pai. Ko te taua wa tohua te timatanga o te portrait toi i roto i Russia. whakaaturia te mata o te kingi i roto i te toi o te tuhituhi icon. E mohiotia whānuitia nga taitara o nga mahi o te toi tawhito i roto i mahi parsuna, hei tauira, "ripeka Hainamana" Bogdan Saltanov.

Kua arahina Events o 1917 ki te faatîtîraa o te ta'e. Kua ngaro ake ake maha urupa o Old toi Russian me te hoahoanga, e hanga e taea ki te ako i te wā nui o te Siu. Heoi, i muri i nga tau maha, te moni i roto i tona hītori ka mau ki runga ki a inaianei i tona tihi, tango ano te icon ratou wahi tika i roto i te hahi Russian.