Ko te tauhohenga o te FERMENTATION kūhuka. Types, uara, me te hua FERMENTATION

FERMENTATION o te kūhuka - tetahi o nga tauhohe matua i te mea e taea te faaineineraa o te ava. Ka taea te mahi te reira i roto i ara rerekē, ia o nei hua takitahi e hanga e. Tenei tukanga whai wāhi matua i roto i te maha ngā wāhi o to tatou oraraa, mai te tunu kai me te faaineineraa o te waina, me te vodka me mutu i ngā tauhohenga i roto i to tatou tinana.

kōrero

Ko te tukanga o te FERMENTATION o te kūhuka, me te tahi atu huka whakamahia he iwi atu tahito. kai ratou i te podbrodivshuyu kai iti. Ko haumaru tenei kai i te mea i roto i te reira waipiro, i roto i nei patua maha huakita kino. I roto i Ihipa tahito me Papurona, i mohio kua iwi pehea ki te rīriri maha inu huka me te waiu. I taea e ki te mahino pai tenei tukanga iwi i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 18, ona momo me whai wāhitanga mō te whakapai ake, tino nui haere ahumahi kounga pērā i kvaso-, te kōpiro, me te waina-vodka.

momo o te FERMENTATION

Oddly nui, engari he rerekē te tukanga. A, rerekē ngā momo o ngā hua FERMENTATION mutunga kūhuka. Ko te kupu, i reira he waikawa lactic, waipiro, waikawa citric, hauwaiwaro, butyric me te torutoru ētahi atu. Kia kōrero o te iti moka e pā ana ki ia momo motuhake. rīriri lactic kūhuka - tukanga faufaa mo te faaineineraa o ngā hua pērā i te miraka, kirīmi kawa, miraka pē, tīhi. Kei te whakamahia te reira i hoki mō te tiaki o huawhenua, me te mahi i te mahi matua i roto i to tatou tinana: i roto i te tikanga o te kore o te hāora, e tahuri te kūhuka ki te hua whakamutunga - waikawa lactic, e ai mamae i roto i te uaua i te wa o te mahi, me te iti i muri.

FERMENTATION waipiro rerekē i roto i taua i hanga te waipiro Ethyl rite te hua whakamutunga. mai te reira i ki te awhina o moroiti-kaiao - rewena. Na whai wāhi matua i roto i te tunu kai, no te mea i roto i te tua ki te hua matua i roto i FERMENTATION waipiro o te kūhuka tukua te hauhā (whakamārama tenei te rewena pokepoke fluffiness).

FERMENTATION waikawa citric e wahi, rite he mea ohie ki te imi, ki te hanga i te waikawa citric. E te reira wahi i raro i te mana o etahi momo o te harore me he wāhanga o te huringa Krebs, e whakarato ana te respiration o ngā pūtau i roto i to tatou tinana.

Ko te tino rite ki taua o te waikawa butyric hauwaiwaro-waihā pūwaro-te waihā FERMENTATION. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga e te reira butyric waikawa, butyl me te Ethyl waipiro, hauwaiwaro me te hauhā. A, no te hanga e FERMENTATION butyric te taitara anake hāngai waikawa me te hauhā.

Na ka whakaaro matou momo katoa o kōrero, ka tīmata ki te taketake - te FERMENTATION waipiro o te kūhuka. Ka kōrero te reira i roto i taipitopito nga tauhohe katoa me onäianei o ratou tupu.

FERMENTATION waipiro

Mea atu i te iti ake e pā ana ki te FERMENTATION kūhuka, e whārite: C ₆ H ₁₂ E ₆ = 2c ₂ H ₅ OH + 2CO _2. He aha koe e taea e ako i tenei tauhohenga? E tatou e rua hua: waipiro Ethyl me te hauhā. Nā ki te whakamutunga kite tatou pokepoke rewena vzbuhanie. Otiia e tika ana ki te tuatahi i te whai wāhi ki te tiki i te reka ngalongataa o nga hua waina, me te waina. Otiia i roto i te meka ko anake he whārite māmā tenei. Ko FERMENTATION te kūhuka oti he uaua atu te tauhohenga, na kia Kia a hi'opoa tatou tenei hohonu te iti.

He he he tukanga pērā i glycolysis. Mooni, te tikanga te ingoa "wāwāhi o te huka". Puta te reira i roto i te tinana, me tona taha-hua he waikawa pyruvic, me te matua - waikawa adenozinotrifosfornaya (ATP), i hanga nei i roto i tēnei tauhohenga i tetahi atu pūhui. Ka taea e tatou te mea e ATP ko te kawe o te pūngao i roto i te tinana, a i roto i te meka glycolysis ko ki te whakarato i to tatou tinana ki te pūngao.

E kore e matou mārire āwangawanga i roto i tenei tukanga. I roto i te meka, he tino rite ki te glycolysis te FERMENTATION, rite te wā tuatahi e ratou tino ōrite. i taea e ara te mea koe e te FERMENTATION waipiro o te tauhohenga te kūhuka ko te tonu o te glycolysis. I hanga i roto i te pyruvate whakamutunga (katote waikawa pyruvic) Kei te tahuri ki te acetaldehyde (CH ₃ -C (e) H) ki te tuku o e-hua hauhā. I muri iho, heke te hua hua te NADH coenzyme i roto i roto i te huakita. hua Whakaora i roto i te hanganga o te waihā.

Ko te kupu, ko te tauhohenga o te FERMENTATION te kūhuka ki te waihā rite tenei titiro:

1) C ₆ H ₁₂ E ₆ 2 = C ₃ H ₄ E ₃ + 4 H ⁺

2) C ₃ H ₄ E ₃ = CH ₃ -COH + CO ₂

3) CH ₃ -COH ⁺ NADH + H + = C ₂ H ₅ OH ⁺ nad +

NADH Ko te whakakōkī mō te tauhohenga, ka takaro katote nad ⁺ he tūranga matua i roto i nga tīmatanga o glycolysis, a hanga ana i te mutunga o te FERMENTATION waipiro, kua hoki mai ki te tukanga.

Kia neke a runga ki te momo muri o te whakamātautau-momo tauhohe.

FERMENTATION lactic o kūhuka

Mai te mea rerekē i roto i taua tenei ahua o te waipiro e kore ko reira i raro i te mana o te rewena, a ki te awhina o huakita waikawa lactic. Na reira, to tatou he hua tino rerekē. puta hoki FERMENTATION lactic i roto i to tatou uaua i pikaunga tiketike, me te kore o te hāora.

E rua ngā momo o tenei tukanga. Tuatahi - FERMENTATION homofermentative. Ki te kua rongo ake koe i te kuhimua "homo", pea mohio koutou he aha te tikanga o te reira. FERMENTATION Homofermentative - he tukanga e pā ana i te pūmua whākōkī kotahi. I roto i te taahiraa matamua o te glycolysis me te waikawa piroviogradnaya i hanga. Na, i raro i te pyruvate hua (i roto i te otinga tenei waikawa e taea te tīariari anake i roto i te puka o ngā katote) te ki hydrogenation te whakamahi i NADH ⁺ H me lactate. Tuhinga o te hua, ko te waikawa lactic, e te tikanga e pā ana ki 90% o nga hua hua i roto i te tauhohenga. Tenei pūhui, Heoi, e taea hoki te hanga e rite poinanaha e rua rerekē: D me L. rerekē ēnei momo i roto i taua he ratou whakapakoko whakaata o tetahi ki tetahi, me te, koia, i ngā pānga rerekē i runga i to tatou rauropi. Ko e e kia hanga e poinanaha ki te whānuitanga nui, whakatau te hanganga o te dehydrogenase lactate.

Kia neke a runga ki te momo tuarua o te FERMENTATION waikawa lactic - heterofermentative. Tenei tukanga tā e rave rahi whākōkī, ka haere ki runga ki te ara uaua ake. No te mea o tenei, i roto i hua te tauhohenga hua atu rerekē: haunga waikawa lactic, taea kitea tatou i reira waikawameha ahetiki me Ethyl waipiro.

Tenei te uiui tatou i te FERMENTATION lactic. Ko te tukanga i e taea tatou te oaoa i te reka o te tīhi, miraka pē, waiu kawa me te miraka pē tenei. Hei whakarāpopoto, ka tuhituhi i te tauhohe o te FERMENTATION waikawa lactic o te kūhuka i te puka whānui: C ₆ H ₁₂ E ₆ = 2 C ₃ H ₆ E _3. O te akoranga, ko te hoahoa māmā o te tukanga FERMENTATION homofermentative tenei, kia rite ki ara te kaupapa tukanga heterofermentative ka tino uaua kia. Kei te ako Whārangi tonu te FERMENTATION lactic o te kūhuka, me te kimi i oti ona tikanga, na kua tonu tatou ki te haere.

FERMENTATION citrate

Tauhohenga o tenei momo o te FERMENTATION puta, rite i roto i te waipiro, i raro i te mahi o etahi matatu harore. e kore e matau tino Complete tikanga o tenei tauhohe, a taea anake tatou whakawhirinaki i runga i te tahi mau simplifications. Heoi i reira ko te whakaaro e te wāhanga tuatahi o te tukanga ko te glycolysis. Na ka tahuri waikawa pyruvic te i roto i te tahuri ki te waikawa me te citric rerekē pito. Nā ki taua he tikanga atu waikawa whiwhi i roto i te tauhohe - hua o te piti hāora kāore o te kūhuka.

puta tenei tukanga raro i te mana o te hāora, me te tikanga e taea te tuhituhi i te reira e te whārite e whai ake nei: 2c ₆ H ₁₂ E ₆ + 3Tukua ₂ = 2c ₆ H ₈ E ₇ + 4H ₂ O. mua ki tenei momo o te FERMENTATION whakatuwheratia, iwi tangohia waikawa citric kotēhia te hua e hāngai o te rakau anake. Heoi, i roto i tenei waikawa rēmana kore rawa 15%, Heoi, whakamatauria tenei tikanga ki te kia koretake, a i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te tauhohenga ka anga ki te farii i katoa o te tikanga FERMENTATION waikawa.

butyric FERMENTATION waikawa

Kia neke a runga ki te momo i muri. Tenei momo o te FERMENTATION puta i raro i te mahi o te huakita waikawa butyric. He whānui ratou, me te tukanga e meinga ratou, whai wāhi matua i roto i huringa biologically nui. Ki enei huakita me te whāwehe o kaiao mate. Butyric waikawa, i hanga nei i roto i te tauhohe, rata ana tona kakara hamuhamu.

Tenei momo o te FERMENTATION whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi. Ka rite ki a koutou kia imi, he ratou waikawa butyric. Kei te whānui tōna hākawa whakamahia i roto i te mea kakara, me te whai i te kakara ahuareka, i roto i te rerekē ki reira te tino. Heoi, e kore tonu he painga te FERMENTATION waikawa butyric. Ka taea e meinga te reira i kino ki huawhenua, kai kēne, waiu, me te tahi atu hua. Ko e taea tenei tupu anake, ki te haere mai te hua huakita waikawa butyric.

Kia titiro tatou te huarahi o te FERMENTATION waikawa butyric o te kūhuka. Tauhohenga titiro reira rite: C ₆ H ₁₂ e ₆ → CH ₃ CH ₂ CH ₂ COOH + 2CO ₂ ↑ + 2H _2. Ka rite ki te hua, kei te hanga ano pūngao, e whakarato ana te mahi ora o huakita waikawa butyric.

FERMENTATION hauwaiwaro-waihā pūwaro-waihā

Ko te tino rite ki taua o te waikawa butyric tenei momo. Kotiti i roto i tenei ara kūhuka e kore e taea e anake, engari nonireka ano, me te waikawa pyruvic. Ka taea te wehea tēnei tukanga ki e rua ngā wāhanga: te tuatahi (me ētahi wā i huaina ko reira waikawa) kei roto i te meka te FERMENTATION waikawa butyric. Heoi, i roto i te tua ki te hinu, e tu te reira tonu me te waikawa ahetiki. I roto i tenei ara whiwhi tatou i te hua i te FERMENTATION o te kūhuka, e haere ana ki te atamira tuarua (atsetonobutilovuyu). No te mea e tenei tukanga katoa wahi ano i raro i te mana o te huakita, na te acidification o te reo (hua i roto i te kukū o te waikawa) ko te tohanga o motuhake whākōkī huakita. kia kaha ai ratou te tauhohe faafariuraa o ngā hua FERMENTATION kūhuka i roto i n-waihā pūwaro (butyl waipiro) , me te hauwaiwaro. I tua atu, kia hanga e te reira i te tahi mau waihā.

Ētahi momo o FERMENTATION

I tua atu ki enei momo e rima o tenei tukanga, i reira he he torutoru ake. Hei tauira, ko reira FERMENTATION ahetiki. Kei te tango hoki te reira i wahi i raro i te mahi o te huakita maha. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei momo o te FERMENTATION mō ngā take whai hua ina pickling. tiaki te reira i te kai i te huakita kino me tukumate. More wehewehe kawakore mewaro FERMENTATION ranei. Rerekē te momo o mua, e taea te kawea tenei momo o te FERMENTATION i mo te nuinga o ngā pūhui matū waro. Ka rite ki te hua, he maha nui o tauhohe matatini, decomposed matū organic ki mewaro, hauwai me te hauhā.

Ko te tūranga koiora

Fermentation - te ara o te whiwhi pūngao e kaiao ora tawhito te nuinga. Ētahi matū organic te hua, te wā kotahi te fariiraa i te pūngao, ka whakangaro etahi whiwhi hoki enei matū pūngao. I runga i taua, i to tatou ora katoa. Na Fermentation ia o tatou i roto i te kotahi te ahua ranei tetahi puta. Ka rite mea i runga matou, puta te FERMENTATION waikawa lactic i roto i te uaua i roto i mahi kaha.

Aha atu ki te tirohia?

Ki te hiahia i roto i te mataora o tenei tukanga rawa ngā koe, kia tīmata tatou i pukapuka kura i roto i te matū me te koiora. I roto i te maha pukapuka kāreti whakaahuatia te rite rauemi ngā e muri i te pānui ratou e taea ki te riro i te tohunga i roto i tenei rohe ki a koutou.

mutunga

Here mai tatou ki te mutunga. Taka matou momo katoa o te FERMENTATION kūhuka me te mau parau tumu whānui o enei tukanga, e tākaro he wāhi tino nui i roto i te mahi o ngā kaiao ora, me te i roto i to tatou ahumahi. Ko taea e i roto i te heke mai ka whakatuwhera tatou atu he torutoru momo o tenei tukanga onamata, me te ako ki te whakamahi ia ratou mo te painga o ratou, pera ana me ta ratou ki te mohiotia ki a tatou kua.