FERMENTATION lactic: te hangarau, me te taputapu e tika ana. Heterofermentative FERMENTATION waikawa lactic

Nature taea te tangata ki te oaoa i te painga e kei roto i te reira. I te wa ano, e ngana ana enei iwi ki te whakanui i te taonga, ki te hanga i te tahi mea hou, me te ki te ako tonu unknown. Bacteria - he hanga iti o te natura, e kua ako hoki ki te whakamahi i te iwi.

Otiia e kore e he reira kino anake, i honoa e ki tukanga pathogenic me mate kawe enei rauropi prokaryotic. Ratou e hoki te puna o te tukanga ahumahi nui whakamahia e te e te iwi mai i nga wa onamata - FERMENTATION. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki te mea i te tukanga, me pehea ki te whakatinana i tauwhāiti āpiha FERMENTATION lactic.

Ko te hītori o te take mai me te whakamahi o te FERMENTATION

Ko te whakahua tuatahi o te meka i kua i te tukanga FERMENTATION kua whakamahia e te iwi mo te whakaaro o te whiwhi etahi hua, i reira tonu 5000 BC i. Ko te ka whakamahia nga Karari tenei tikanga ki te whiwhi hua pērā i:

• tīhi;
• waina;
• pata me ētahi atu hua miraka.

I muri mai, ka anga rite te kai ki te riro i roto i Haina, Ihipa, Sudan, Mexico me ētahi atu āhua onamata. ka anga ratou ki te tunu rewena taro, huawhenua kaha, te nganatanga tuatahi i tiaki.

Lactic tukanga FERMENTATION waikawa whakamahia e te iwi mō ngā mano o nga tau. Tīhi, kefir, miraka pē ko te wahi nui o te kai i ngā wā katoa. Ko nga hua o enei hua mohio rata me tohunga katoa. Heoi, noho unknown take mō te faafariuraa taea o tenei ahua mo te wa roa.

Ko te meka e rapua e te tikanga FERMENTATION te aroaro o microorganisms, iwi ara kihai i taea amo. I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XVII Van Helmont whakahere ki te whakauru i te wā "FERMENTATION" tukanga mo te faaineineraa o te kai, e kua haere tahi i hau te kukuwhatanga. I muri i te iritiraa, tenei kupu te tikanga o "koropupu." Heoi, anake i roto i te rau tau XIX, e ko tata e rua rau tau i muri mai, kitea te kaikoiora moroiti French, kēmihi me te ahupūngao Louis Pasteur te oraraa o te ao o papapūata, huakita.

Mai ka reira mohiotia e titau te FERMENTATION rerekē te aroaro o katoa o te moroiti e kitea ki te kanohi. hanga ratou ako kua taea reira i runga i te wā ki te whakahaere i FERMENTATION me te ārahi ia i roto i te taha ki matau o te tangata.

Ko te ngako o ngā tukanga FERMENTATION

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mea i te tukanga FERMENTATION, he mea e tika ana ki te tohu i roto i tona āhua matüora. I muri i te katoa, i tona matua, te reira mahi tika o huakita e whiwhi ratou pūngao mō te ora, i te whakawhanake i te momo o e-hua.

I roto i te whānui, e taea te whakaahuatia te FERMENTATION i roto i te kupu kotahi - hāora. mimiti anaerobic o te taonga i raro i te mana o etahi huakita, e arata'i ki te hanganga o te maha o ngā hua. Ko tēhea taonga ko te pūtake, me te mea e tupu rite ki te hua, whakaritea e te momo o te tukanga. Te tautuhi i te maha o ngā kōwhiringa FERMENTATION, na kua reira tona whakarōpū ake mō panoni raraunga.

whakarōpū

I roto i te katoa i reira e toru ngā momo matua o te FERMENTATION.

1. Waipiro. Ko reira te hāora o te warowaihā ki te Ethyl waipiro rāpoi ngota matua, te hauhā, te wai, me te muingota ATP (puna pūngao). E kawea ēnei panoni i raro i te mana o te huakita kore anake, engari harore hoki puninga rerekē me ngā momo. I roto i tenei ara i te wa tuturu nei rite kai pērā i pia, waina, rewena tunu waipiro. Ko te pūngao tukua e te i roto i te whāwehe o te warowaihā, te pau i runga i ngā tukanga pūmanawa o microorganisms. Ko te uho o te tukanga koiora.
2. Ko FERMENTATION o waikawa lactic i te hāora o te warowaihā ki te waikawa lactic ki te tuku o te maha o byproducts. Pehea te mahia e te reira, a he aha momo o take, he ofi titiro i runga i.
3. Butyric. He nui i roto i te tauine tūturu tenei momo o te FERMENTATION. Kei te kawea te reira i roto i i te utu o te mahi faufaa o huakita waikawa butyric, e ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga anaerobic i te raro o repo, paru awa, a na i runga i. tukatuka Nā ki te āhua o ratou mahi te nui nui o ngā wāhanga waro. Products he maha matū, i roto i nei te matua waikawa butyric. Hoki taiea: hauwaiwaro, waipiro isopropyl, te hauhā, te waikawa winika, waikawa lactic, Ethyl waipiro me ētahi atu pūhui.

Ia o te momo tohua he tauine nui e rua māori, me te ahumahi. E pai te ako momo o kaiao e mau ana taua panoni ki te rā, me te tokomaha o ratou e ngakia āwenewene i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi tukua tiketike.

FERMENTATION lactic: te ariā whānui

mohiotia tenei momo o te FERMENTATION te mai te wa tino tawhito. i taea ki te hamaniraa tīhi, māhī pia me te waina, te taro tunu, acidify huawhenua me hua tetahi atu tangata BC o whenua Ihipa, me ētahi atu tahito.

I teie mahana motuhake whakamahia ki te rīriri hua miraka, āwenewene tupu taumahatanga microorganisms e hāngai ana. Tukanga hou ka kawea ki te automaticity te kawea, i roto i te whakamahi i ngā taputapu komplektatsionnogo. He maha kaihanga e e tika hua FERMENTATION lactic.

Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te ngako o te tukanga katoa i roto i te torutoru kōwae.

1. Hoki hua matua tangohia te pūtake warowaihā - ohie (huahuka, te kūhuka i, pentoses) hākawa ranei (sucrose, māngaro, glycogen, me ētahi atu).
2. Ka waihanga tikanga anaerobic.
3. Ko te hua podselyayutsya etahi taumahatanga o lactic huakita waikawa momo.
4. Whakarato te āhuatanga e tika ana waho katoa e he tino pai mo te hua e hiahiatia ana: marama, te pāmahana, te aroaro o etahi wāhanga atu, te pēhanga.
5. I muri i te otinga o te hua FERMENTATION e wahi, me te whiriwhiri tukatuka o hononga taha katoa.

O te akoranga, ko te anake he whakamārama whānui o te mea kei te tupu tenei. I roto i te meka, i nga wā i reira e maha tauhohe matüora matatini, no te mea te tukanga o te FERMENTATION lactic - ko te hua o te mahi faufaa o mea ora.

I runga i FERMENTATION waikawa lactic

Mai i te wāhi matū o te tirohanga, enei panoni ko te raupapa o takahanga raupapa.

1. Tuatahi, he huringa i roto i te tïpako tuatahi, rerekē i.e. waro mekameka taonga (warowaihā). arata'i tenei ki te intermediates rawa he āhua rerekē, he o akomanga rerekē. Hei tauira, ki te te tïpako pūtake - kūhuka, he reira anō ki te gluconic waikawa.
2. tauhohe pitihāoratanga haere tahi i te tukunga o ngā haurehu, te hanganga o byproducts. Ko te kōwae taketake i roto i te tukanga katoa he waikawa lactic. Kei te whakaputaina te reira i ka whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o te FERMENTATION. Heoi, e kore te mea anake te hononga tenei. Ko te kupu, i reira te mea he hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota o te waikawameha ahetiki, Ethyl waipiro, te hauhā, te wai, me ētahi wā atu pononga.
3. Ko te tukua pūngao o te tukanga i roto i te puka o ngā rāpoi ngota o te adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Ko tētahi kūhuka rāpoi ngota he rua ngā rāpoi ngota o ATP, ki te te tïpako tīmata o te hanganga matatini ake, pērā i cellulose, ka toru ngā rāpoi ngota o te ATP. whakamahia tēnei pūngao te huakita waikawa lactic mō te mahi anō.

O te akoranga, ki te ki te matau i te panoni matüora i roto i te taipitopito, he mea e tika ana ki te whakapūtā te rāpoi takawaenga katoa me complexes. Ko te hunga i hoki tauira:

• waikawa pyruvic;
• diphosphate adenosine;
• rāpoi ngota nikotinamindifosfata rite hauwai taraka me ētahi atu.

Heoi, tika tenei take tokanga makehe a kia whakaaro i te tirohanga o te mataora, na e kore e pā reira tenei tuhinga. He āta titiro ki te mea i te hangarau o te hanga o ngā hua waiu, me te aha ngā momo o te FERMENTATION i raro i whakaarohia i reira.

FERMENTATION homofermentative

FERMENTATION Homofermentative o waikawa lactic whai wāhi te whakamahi o ngā momo motuhake o tukumate me rerekē i heterofermentative riro nga hua me ratou te nui. E te reira wahi i runga i te ara glycolytic i roto i nga pūtau o te moroiti. Ko te wāhi ko te, rite te katoa i tetahi FERMENTATION i roto i te faafariuraa o te warowaihā ki te waikawa lactic. Ko te painga matua o tenei tukanga ko e ko te tukua o te hua e hiahiatia ana 90%. te toe anake wahi haere ki te hononga taha.

Ko te huakita te rīriri tenei momo o te momo e whai ake nei:

• lactis streptococcus.
• casei Lactobacillus.
• acidophilus Lactobacillus me ētahi atu.

He aha ētahi atu matū e hanga e rite ki te hua o te FERMENTATION homofermentative? pūhui reira pērā i:

• Ethyl waipiro;
• waikawa ahua;
• hauhā;
• waikawa fumaric me te waikawa succinic.

Heoi, i roto i te ahumahi, kei te tata kore whakamahia tenei tikanga o te whakaputa hua waiu kawa. noho ia i roto i te āhua rite te wāhanga tuatahi o te glycolysis, tupu te reira i roto i te pūtau uaua o kararehe ki mahi whānui.

Technology mō te hanga kai tōtika tangata o ngā hua e hiahiatia ana Ko tā te whakamahi o te puna o te warowaihā, pērā i:

• kūhuka;
• sucrose;
• huahuka;
• mannose;
• māngaro me ētahi atu.

e kore e taea e ki te tokomaha o enei pūhui oxidize te huakita homofermentative, ratou whakamahi rite ahurea hei timata i roto i te hanga e kore e taea.

Heterofermentative FERMENTATION waikawa lactic

Ko rite te industrially hāngai ana tēnei tikanga e tika ana ki e production e tuu hua miraka katoa, kawea huawhenua kēne i roto, i reira te mea he kai Billet matie.

Ko te rerekētanga matua i te whakaahuatia i mua - ko e ki te FERMENTATION lactic activators kawea hanga he maha nui o e-hua. tukatuka 50 anake% o te huka i roto i te huakita waikawa lactic, i te toenga haere ki te hanganga o taua rāpoi ngota rite:

• waikawameha ahetiki;
• nonireka;
• hauhā;
• waipiro Ethyl me ētahi atu.

He aha te mea pai me te iti atu i te hanganga o 90% waikawa parakore lactic i tikanga homofermentative? Ko te mea, ko te e ka te hua matua whakaputaina e rawa nui, leva nga oranga o huakita maha kei te i te katoa. I tua atu, e rave rahi kai ngaro 'ulungaanga hā e kua riro i roto i te hononga taha. Hei tauira, he kakara reka o ngā huawhenua kēne whakaratohia e te waikawameha ahetiki me waipiro isoamyl. Ki te kore ko enei pūhui, te hua ka hei te tiaki o tino rerekē.

He rawaka ki te pehi i te whanaketanga me te mahi o nga harore no rapae katoa me microorganisms i roto i te pūnaha tukua waikawa lactic o 50%. No te mea noa 1-2% take acidification kaha rawa o te taiao, e kore e taea e te tīariari i tetahi atu rauropi, atu i te huakita waikawa lactic. kawea te tukanga katoa i roto i runga i te ara Phosphate pentose.

ka hei Ngā ki tikanga FERMENTATION heterofermentative e whai ake:

• rewena pai, me te hou tapiritia e te i te wā tuatahi;
• tikanga taiao tino arotau, e whiriwhiria nei e mo ia hua takitahi;
• -Kounga tiketike, me te taputapu pai-whakaritea;
• tika katoa hoki te tukanga o ngā pūrere hangarau.

I roto i nga tikanga taiao o te faufaa ngā ko te pāmahana tukanga. e kore e waiho te reira tiketike rawa, engari te kopa makariri, me te ohorere te akoranga katoa o te FERMENTATION.

I teie mahana i reira he oko FERMENTATION motuhake, e hanga aunoa nga tikanga e tika ana katoa mo te mahi tika, me te māhorahora o microorganisms.

taputapu Hiahiatia

Ka rite ki ta matou i tuhia i runga ake, i roto i te huanga tino nui ki te kia tuhia oko FERMENTATION. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki mahi kāinga te tikanga, ka kia utu koe whakarongo ki te ma'a o oko whakamahia i roto i te tiaki, hanga o te miraka pē me ētahi atu hua. Ko tētahi ara ki te whakatutuki i te whakaiti i roto i te maha o ngā taupori ke o microorganisms he ipu sterilization i mua i te whakamahi i ia ratou.

He aha te kanisā he e tika ana mō te FERMENTATION heterofermentative? pea te reira i te karaihe kounga teitei kirihou (polypropylene, polyethylene) ipu i te mea nehenehe o te taupoki piri kati ranei.

I roto i te ahumahi whakamahi i te pūrere motuhake mō te ringihia, me te purenga te ipu ki te aroaro o te tukanga FERMENTATION.

Te huakita whakamahia i roto i te tukanga

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te ahurea o huakita e whakamahia ki te whakaputa i ngā hua kēne me te miraka, he reira taea ki te tautuhi i etahi o nga momo tino noa o kaiao.

1. Acidophilus Bacillus Bulgarian.
2. momo Lactobacillus Sporolactobacillus inulinus.
3. Bifidobacteria.
4. Leykonostoki.
5. cocci waikawa lactic.
6. momo Lactobacilli L. Casei.
7. Bacteria o te puninga streptococcus me ētahi atu.

Mā te whakakotahi i a ahurea parakore tāutuhia kaiao i hanga te ki te rīriri hua miraka. E ratou e wātea ana nuitia, ka taea e ratou te hoko te tangata. Ko te mea tino nui, ko te ki te mau i te tikanga o te tukanga FERMENTATION i roto i te tikanga ki te whai hua i te hua hua.

He aha ngā hua e whiwhi rite ki te hua o tenei rīriri?

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te aha e taea te whiwhi ahua o ngā hua FERMENTATION ki te awhina o huakita waikawa lactic, he reira taea ki te whakaingoa i te torutoru kāwai nui.

1. Dairy hua supply (rewena waiu, miraka pē, Varentsov, miraka pē, tīhi, kirīmi kawa, te pata, hua acidophilic tunua, me ētahi atu).
2. pākoro Whāngai mō kararehe ahuwhenua.
3. waikawa lactic, whakamahia nei i roto i te hanga o inu ngawari, nga wuuru tanning me pera i runga i.
4. Baking, tīhi hanga.
5. Tapunuraa hua me huawhenua.

io tenei katoa te faufaa o etahi momo o huakita i roto i te oraraa o te taata, o ratou mahi ahumahi.