Isoamylalcohol

Whāiti waipiro monohydric, tetahi o nga ngā poinanaha waru o waihā pēwaro, - isoamyl reira waipiro (tātai matū - C5H11OH, kouma - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, me tëtehi - C5H12O). Ko te ingoa pūnahanaha o te taonga - 3-methylbutanol-1. Ētahi atu ingoa noa - isopentanol (Isopentanol) me izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

ōrite Alcohol titiwha papatipu 88,148 g / mol. I roto i te ahua ko reira kino-kakara, mārama, taekore wai i te mea mama atu i te wai. Ko te kiato o te taonga parakore i te 20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. rewa Isopentanol i te pāmahana o haunga te 117,2 ° C me kohua i 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl waipiro ko tetahi o nga ngā poinanaha e toru o amyl waipiro, e he paku pai atu i te toenga he memeha wai. Ko tōna memehatanga i roto i te te wai, ko te 28 g / l. I konatunatua ki te hauwaiwaro, diethyl Etere, te waihā, benzene, chloroform, waikawameha ahetiki (glacial). pokey hihiri waipiro ko 3.692 MPA • s. Isopentanol Ko te taonga ahi mōrearea (tenei wai he pūkākā). Ko tōna rohe taikaha 1,2-9%, wāhi flash - 42 ° C me, autoignition - me 350 ° C.

Isopentanol Ko te wāhanga matua o te hinu fusel (te hanga e te reira i roto i te hanga o te waihā), a kua rite ai i nei. ngā Waipiro production technique i roto i te whakawera i te rauemi raw ki te tango pito marama (tuatahi azeotrope māturu te waihā-wai, ka ki te whakanui ake i māturu atu pāmahana-waihā pūwaro ki azeotrope wai). whakawera atu i roto i te evaporator taea ki te tohatoha waipiro isoamyl, ka tonoa te toenga taimaha toe te ki ururua. Na roto i te huri i te tawhā tukanga (pāmahana, me ētahi atu) te mana te kounga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko te isopentanol hua ki te hautanga papatipu o 3-methylbutanol-1 ki te 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) ranei 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

I roto i te aroaro o te whakakōkī, whakamahia nei te rite te waikawa pungatara, tauhohe waipiro isoamyl ki te waikawa ahetiki glacial. Ka taea te tuhituhi te whārite i roto i te puka e whai ake nei: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. E rua ingoa tenei tauhohenga: Fischer tauhohenga hākawatanga tauhohenga ranei. Ko te hua ko te hākawa (isoamyl tāpia) me te wai. Ka taea te whakamahi i te utu kapia katote waikawa rite whakakōkī hei utu o te waikawa pungatara. tāpia Isoamyl Ko te hā tāwhaiwhai, whakamahia nei te ki kia reka te kai o te panana. I tua atu, tavini te reira rite te whakarewa mo lacquers nitrocellulose etahi whakamahinga (pheromones) ki te kukume rōpū nui o pi i runga i te wāhi iti. Na roto i kaha kakara ahuareka, me te tāoke iti, whakamahia tāpia isoamyl te ki te whakamatautau i te whai huatanga o respirators kopare ranei.

waipiro Isoamyl ko te tarukino, he reira paitini. Kei te irritating Ko tōna kohu ki te kiriuhi mucous o te wahi romahā, meinga te maremare me te dyspnea. Ko reira kino ki te horomia hau ranei. Kia meinga pokapū whārua pūnaha io. Hoki te wahi tino mamae i waipiro paihana te pūnaha io pokapū, pūkahukahu, kanohi, kiri. Roa toutou whakapā ki a ia arata'i ki te maroke kiri me te degreasing ranei. Ka rite ki te hua o te ingestion puta ritenga gastrointestinal ki whakapairuaki, ruaki me te korere. Hit ia i roto i te pūkahukahu meinga pneumonitis matū ki putanga mate. puta pānga whakapōauau ki tohu o ānini, ngoikore, whanoke, mate o mahara. Ka rite ki te hua, ka taea e te pārurenga taka ki te pōroa.

Ki te whiwhi isoamyl waipiro ki roto ki o koutou kanohi, he ratou he wa roa (i te iti rawa 15 meneti), horoi ki te nui o te wai, me te rapu i tauturu a te taote. A, no te tomo te reira i te kiri, e horoia hoki enei wahi ki te wai. Tangohia atu kakahu poke me hu. Ki te whakawhanake ritenga me tonu, ka rapu i aro hauora. Clothing i mua i anō tika ūkui. Ki te horomia, whiwhi āwhina hauora tonu. Kaua e kaha ai ruaki te kore whakahaua ki rave i te reira e te kaimahi hauora. He tangata te kohatu, e kore e hoatu tetahi i te mangai. Ki te puta ruaki fakanatula, okioki atu te patunga. Ki te paihana takirua isoamyl waipiro kawe i te manawanui ki te rangi hou. Ki te te kore te kupukupu tonu ia, te CPR. Ki te he uaua manawa hoatu hāora. hiahiatia tokoni Medical te! Ko te tākuta whakatakoto he maimoatanga symptomatic me tautoko.