Ko te urupa hoahoanga tino o St. Petersburg: rārangi, whakaahuatanga, photo

He faaiteraa faahiahia o te matatini - urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg o te āhuatanga tino o te pokapū pa hītori, ahakoa te meka e ko te reira i te whakapaipai taitamariki o te ao. Kei te pai te whakaaro Distinguished St. Petersburg i hanga whānui auau, proportionality mīharo o rōpū tāone katoa me te au maite i roto i te polyphony kāhua i roto i te tirohanga o te taiao tūturu rawa iti-matua. Taua meka, a nui ki te ao o te toi, me te hoahoanga urupa o St Petersburg.

Ngā Kāhua me te ariki

Buildings i roto i te pa ko te hunga i momo hoahoanga rerekē rima, e taea te huaina Baroque te matua - o Pita ko Elizabeth, Classicism, Empire, tūmōmō, hou, me te Hanganga. Italian Baroque - te wa pua o te absolutism - i 16 ki te 18 rau. Here whakamanamana matatini-pewa, akiakinga, kororia me te quirkiness. He urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg ko te tino ngāwari te kāhua.

Ki te hoahoanga a Pita i roto i Russia huaina "tauira Russian te" sinó me maha ki te iho Byzantine i roto i te hanga o te whare. Baroque Russian - te hanumi, o enei momo e rua. Heoi, rerekē Moscow me Baroque o Pita i ia atu e kore anake, engari ano ki te whānuitanga nui - i Western Europe. Ki te whakarite tatou i nga urupa hoahoanga o Petrovsky o St. Petersburg kowhiria te pokapū o tetahi pa Italian French ranei tawhito, ka taea e koe iho manatoko tenei.

Baroque o Pita

Tsar Pita ki te pai fakaafe'i kaihoahoa i te Te Hau-ā-uru, a ka rite ki te hua te Tiamana-Dutch-Italian-French tahi-hanga o tenei āhuatanga whakatika kāhua St Petersburg. Ko te Northern War nui, whare noho i hanga tata ekenga, hohoro taupua noa rakau rawa.

Otiia ara na i reira nga hanganga e matau ana matou to'utangata: te hanga kaipuke, te tauranga, te pa - ki te hoahoanga ohie, terse, whakamutua ano me te kouma i hanga i raro i te mana nui o te Tati me nga Tiamana.

e kore stucco, whakamahau me ona whakamahau i, engari i maha nga facades pediments, volutes, pou, me te tuanui - tira e whakanui ana i te ahunga poutū me te whakapae katoa. Roto te whare te tino maha whakaritea ki te huinga. Ahakoa Na, rite rawa nga whare i wharepaku Nini, me te wai rere.

tauira

Te hiero a pā hoahoanga i ohie, engari pourewa pere huatau o Pita ko Paora Cathedral, Saint Panteleimon hahi, Pita ko Paora Pourewa, me ona kuwaha Pita, Summer Palace o Pita te nui, Menshikov Palace, Ma Piti Collegia, Kikin Chamber o pākiki, Alexander Nevsky pakiki, whare Italian i Kronstadt . Ko te kaihanga o te wa: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

Ko matara atu i wawata hanga o tona papa te tamahine Petra Velikogo a, engari katoa o tona era ki te tono i te whakaaro o Western Pākehā Baroque i roto i tona ahua parakore atu, no te mea ko te kingitanga i raro i tona ringa hiakai kororia, kororia me te hanahana. urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg o te rau tau 18 tino mārama tohu i te kāhua whānui o te pa. Whakaturia te nui cathedrals, mau hiero, nohonga, whare - te peita atu whakapaipai katoa me te kirihou, ki te aramuka whanui roto, ki rua nga rarangi o matapihi me suites o ruma.

ko nga wanihi o te wa fantastically rivet, ki te nui o te whakairo, whakairo whakapaipai ki nga kuaha tauira me whakaata. Whakapakaritia tae Baroque ngā ki te fakahū kia. Kua anō te reira i te hanga o hahi e rima-domed, hoki ana te iho o whakairo iconostasis tataitia me whakapaipai whare Russian o kēnana Byzantine. Na inaianei e taea manuhiri uru te kororia o te kāhua, e te rongoa urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg.

Poto e pā ana ki te rangatira me ngā whare

Tenei tau o karauna, o te akoranga, Rastrelli, engari mahi ratou taha ko FS Argun, a SI Chevakinsky ko AV Kvass ko P. Trezzini ko AF Whist. hanga rua tekau nga tau i mua i 1760 Anichkov i roto i te Erihāpeti Stroganov me Vorontsov Baroque whare kingi, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace i Tsarskoye selo, te Winter Palace me te Peterhof nui, Naval Cathedral me te nui noa atu.

Ekaterina Velikaya

Ko te rua tekau tau i muri mai, haere te hanga St. Petersburg i raro i te tohu o te absolutism marama, me te i roto i te kāhua o te Classicism wawe. i riro mai harmonically whakahau Buildings, me te whanaketanga whakamua o te tapatahi, me te hanahana i te wa ano - rite te whenua whanui kāri pakihi.

Tohu - te tikanga tahito, monumentality, he whitiki, puritia mea katoa i roto i te whare puāwaitanga-kāhua o urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg. ka tauturu i te whakaahuatanga Photo rerekëtanga ki te Classicism wawe o ētahi atu ona momo.

Buildings i roto i te kāhua o te Classicism wawe

Ko te nāianei Building Whakahaere RGPU i runga i Moika - te whare mua o Kaute Razumovsky, nana nei i hanga te AF Kokorinov ko JB Vallin de la Mothe, ko tetahi o te whare wawe-puāwaitanga-kāhua tuatahi. Ko tōna hoahoanga Ko āhuatanga kitea o Korinetia ko Ionic whakahau, reliefs, kauhanga toa, engari te mana o te Baroque atu kite. iari mua ki kuwaha rahi me te taiepa tiketike Tāraro te hakari o te whare.

urupa hoahoanga o St. Petersburg, i te mea he rārangi tino roa o hakari, me ētahi atu fakatupu o enei kaitoi pūmanawa. Te reira i Repin Institute i runga i te Whare Wānanga parepare, 17, me mua reira ko te Imperial Academy o Fine Arts; whare St Petersburg State University i te taha moana, 9, mua - te take mō ngā kēmu pōro; Yusupov Palace. Vallin de la Mothe whakaturia Iri Garden me te Te Tai Tokerau teneti o te Iti Hermitage. Yuri Felten, hanga ākonga Rastrelli he kura mo ngā kōtiro Pirihitini, nui Hermitage, te Ekalesia Armenian, te Ekalesia Lutheran i runga i te moutere o Vasilyevsky me te hahi o St. Anne i runga i Kirochnaya, 8.

Classicism tino

Mutu kowaiwai o ngā āhuatanga hanga whare Baroque i muri i 1780, no ano ki Catherine Classicism. Ratou whai tino nga whakahau puāwaitanga o Vitruvius me Palladio - tapawhā whakatakotoranga hangarite, whānui te whakamahi o ona whakamahau, ona whakamahau, pediments, ona whakamahau. Kua whakapaipai te wanihi e ki kape o whakairo tawhito, me te maha āhuatanga o u'i i tahito ra.

Ko te pionie o te kāhua St. Petersburg ka Cameron, i mahi i te wa taua VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, IE He koroheke, NA Raiona. Ratou mahi - te au, me te kakató tito, te papû, me ngā puka proportionality. He tauira a Tūrongo - te Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky Classicism

Tenei wā-tau e rima ki runga ki te 1801 he hakari i te putanga paku whaiāipo o classicist architecture, e te mārama awe e te kāhua Gothic. Ko te matua tenei Chesme Palace kaihoahoa ym Felten - āhua tapatoru ki ngā āhuatanga Gothic i roto i te puka o taumaihi, niho matapihi Lancet me parapets.

whakakiia urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg me te tonga momo Pākehā Mikhailovsky Castle, te wahi i te Classicism parakore - he reira te facades matua, me te tonga o te roto. Castle titiro fefeka, te itoito, ngoto taimaha raki paruru haamana'oraa o knightly potae.

Classicism o Alexander

ka te mua o te Empire Russian Classicism o Alexander, e maha nei tāutuhia ki te kāhua Empire. Alexander hoki maha karangatia ahau kaihoahoa ke, rawa te French.

Na reira, ko te hanga o tenei wā te wehe pākaha whakahau Doric Tuscan ranei me tīwae taimaha. Puta sphinxes me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te hoahoanga Revival Ihipiana. Ora rārangi tino, nui, whakapakoko rahi ki te tapatahi, me te mārama o te silhouette.

Tauira o te Empire pōkai tuatahi

I roto i tenei kāhua o St Petersburg urupa hoahoanga kanohi e te whare Mining Institute i runga i te moutere o Vasilyevsky, hanga i drawings A. Vorohnina. Putorino i runga i te tīwae Doric tino pai ki te whakanui i te kāhua rite ki te mau hiero i tahito ra, whakapakoko tonu e hakari Antaeus, Hercules ko Proserpina reira.

Ahakoa atu rongonui mahi o tenei ariki - Kazan Cathedral. Emperor Paora, ko wai tikanga reira, hiahia ki te faahiti o o te Vatican St Pita, a i roto i te tahi mau taipitopito e taea te kite i te ōrite: i roto i te hoahoa whānui, te kikorangi pokapū kaha, i roto i te Basilica elongated me i te ngaro o te pourewa pere. Heoi, he mea he whakapaipai tūturu o Nevsky Prospekt.

Classicism High (Late)

mahi atu atu i tetahi mea i roto i tenei kāhua Tom de Thomon: te hanga o te Bolshoi Theatre (kāore, i reira he tonu e kore e tino), te whare o Countess Laval matatini mākete hou, me te Tuhaina o te moutere o Vasilyevsky (tīwae rostral, rawa). Ka taea e waiho e koe tino e te whānuitia reira mokowā tīwae tāpiri ki te wāhi whare Stock Exchange me E fetaui ki te hanganga Nevsky Prostor. Na te whare ano, me tīwae rostral whakapaipai ki whakairo aua.

I ara te wa taua ake te nui hanga o te Admiralty - te tohu o te pa i runga i te awa Neva - te AD kaihoahoa Zakharov. I oti te reira i roto i te hanga o mua, i ko anake te wahi pokapū o te kaihoahoa tira rongonui Ik Korobov. Facades whiwhi he momo, engari rawa naki tika ki nga whakamahau kohuki me tīwae Tuscan (i te ara, i runga i te pokapū o te tīwae, a noho Ionic). Ko te kupu ūhia e ia ensemble o te kaumatua, a St. Ihaka Palace Square me te Alexander Garden. I te wa ano, i te kaihoahoa Quarenghi hanga Smolny Institute - ano i roto i te kāhua puāwaitanga tiketike.

Empire Russian

Signs o te Empire Russian - te whakanui o te wikitoria mo Bonaparte: te pūnaha kia puāwaitanga me te poto ano puta tīwae whakamaharatanga, haurangi whakamanamana i, komokomo hoahoanga atu me te ake whakairo, whare whakapaipai ki ekara, kupenga Loumaile, patu, me te tahi atu fakataipe militaristic.

Ko te rangatira tino rongonui o tenei aronga - VP Stas ko KI Rossi. Kei te tino maia puta te whakamutunga te wāhi tāone, ka hanga te whare Square ki te whare o te General kaimahi, kaumatua Square ki te Hinota, me te rohe whakaari kaumatua, Alexandrinsky. ka tapae urupa hoahoanga o St Petersburg te pikitia pai nui atu i tetahi whakaahuatanga. Ko te atu na te mea o to ratou tau nui e taea noa ki te whakaahua i roto i te wāhi o te kotahi tuhinga poto.