Ko te whakahou kaiahuwhenua o 1861. Pūtake me ngā huanga

Ake i roto i te hītori o Russia, ka noho Alexander II rite te liberator o nga mua. Kua tonu nga whakahounga o Alexander II manapori, me te āta. Kaua e wareware e te hanganga āta - te ngaro o te rangatiratanga o te ariki mātau. Na tuarua, mohio Alexander te ngaro ki te hope.

Alexander o tuarua mai nohoia tona tamarikitanga kaiahuwhenua whakahou. Heoi, ki te tīmata i te reira, ia i taea e kotahi anake e te torona. He aha i nga take mo te taua hiahia nui o te tuku ariki o serfs?

1) te tuarua, ka rite ki te rangatira whakaaro nui, me te mātau, i matau Alexander e serfdom kāwanatanga frein. Mai i te whakamahi o tetahi o te huānga pononga o te ao Pākehā kua roa kihai. tonu hoki Russia ki mangere, i te wehi o te tauhohenga ki te kawe i roto i whakahounga. E ai ki a Alexander II, ko te whakahou kaiahuwhenua ki te whakakore i te take pakiaka o Russia katoa ërä i muri i te mana ao.

2) Ko hohonu whakaaro e te oraraa o serfdom i roto i te whenua, ko te kino hoki āheinga korero a Russia Alexander. Serfdom i roto i Russia arahina ki te hekenga i roto i te ana'iraa i roto i te mana Pākehā. Ano, whakaaro maha piriniha Pākehā reira raro tona rangatiratanga ki te kawe i runga i ki take Russian. rite Just i nga ra o Russia tahito, te wahi i taea ki te riro i te ringa o te rangatira o Constantinople Vladimir anake te mea ko ia he Kariki.

3) e kore e wareware i kawea mai te arii hou i runga i te wairua o te fakamaama me te manapori. Kua roa intelligentsia auaha Nāna hoki te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom. Kaiako o Alexander II i tona tamarikitanga ko ia Vasily Zhukovsky, nei ko te rangatira o te intelligentsia auaha o XIX rautau. Kei te whakaaro te reira ki te waiho i te kaiako Zhukovsky Pushkin. E ai ki a Alexander II, kia whai kaiahuwhenua whakahou te mana pai i runga i te wāhanga wairua o te hapori Russian.

Timata mo te whakahou i tīmataria i te tau 1857, ka hanga te ariki he komiti ngaro. kōmihana Secret i ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere, i roto i nei ko te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom ki hei te tino maeneene me te inconspicuous.

Ko te raruraru matua mo te kuini māngai nga ngākau nuitanga o te pato'iraa o serfs me rangatira. i pono papu e te whakakāhoretanga o serfdom, te whenua e kore pai rangatira. kihai ratou i hiahia ki te wehewehea ki to ratou whenua, me te ki ana peasants.

Te pa, i runga i te anga ke, i whakapono ai kia whakahokia mai te whakahou kaiahuwhenua ratou haere noa tino, haunga ano kawe me te whenua i runga i nei ki te whakahaere i te ōhanga. Pai me te pera, me ētahi atu kua taea.

1861 February 19 , i reira ko he hui nui mo te katoa o Russia - i whakakorea serfdom. Puta noa te whenua, i roto i te hahi i lau te ture o Alexander II. E ai ki tenei tikanga, riro nga serfs katoa haere noa, me te mana motuhake i ratou kaiwhakarēti o mua. riro ia kaiahuwhenua te whenua mo te whakamahi whaiaro. Heoi, kei te whakaaro tonu te whenua hei kainga o te kairetiwhare. E hiahiatia ana kaimahi ki te whai ki te hoko i to ratou whenua i te rangatira whare, e rapu ana taonga motuhake.

Ko te kupu, ko te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom i roto i 1861 ake ke Russia. Heoi, kihai i kore te kaipupuri whenua ranei nga peasants makona. Ua ite te kaipupuri whenua e ratou e pahuatia, pahua whenua tika. whakaatu i nga peasants i e hoatu te serfdom o mua ara ki te tetahi hou e ka mohiotia rite castings. Ka rite ki te hua, whakataua Alexander II i tata rāngai katoa o te hapori. 20 tau i muri mai, ka ngaro Alexander pono i roto i te tini. I roto i te 1881, e kia whakamatea ia i te he i roto i te karapu iwi, e riro te tohatoha motuhake i roto i Russia i te mutunga o te rau tau 19.

Ahakoa o taua, ko te tuarua, ka tomo Alexander te hītori o Russia rite he ahua nui, reforomatio inimitable, kaitōrangapū matakite. Ko te whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa whakahou kaha o Russia Alexander II kua he titiro hou.