Ko te whakarara roa - Weheruatanga o

Ko te hiahia ki tika te whakatau i te wāhi i runga i te mata o te whenua, me ona taonga e karapoti riro ngā hāngai hoki te tangata ki te timatanga o ngā aorangi ako kaha.
taunga Geographic - ahopae me te ahopou - kua whakaritea e te mata o te pūtahitanga o rua pohewa rārangi - faitatau me meridians. Ko te whakarara roa o te ahopae e haamata - te kōpae waenganui.

Origin o te ingoa

He rārangi pohewa i hanga e te i runga i te mata o te ngā ao kei equidistant i te amo e rua, tuwhaina e te ao ki e rua tuakoi, te tuakoi e rua. He pakiaka onamata Ko te kupu mo te ingoa o te rohe taua. Latin «aequator», pūhōrite, i hanga i te ihoparau «aequō» - whakaōrite. I roto i te mahi ao, "weheruatanga" tomo te reo Tiamana, i Äquator.

Tenei kupu he tikanga ake whānui. I roto i te āhuahanga i roto i te tinana e toru-ahu he tahi hāngai ki e rua te tuaka me te waka rererangi o hangarite, kua reira tona kōpae waenganui, ona whakarara roa - te pūtahitanga o te mata o te tinana ki te waka rererangi o hangarite. I roto i te tātai arorangi mohiotia ki te weheruatanga tiretiera, te weheruatanga autō o te ao whetū ranei.

Whenua - Ko te geoid

Ko te whakapono e ko te whenua he āhua kōpae flat, i ui anake e mataotao Kariki onamata. ka reira mārama i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, e te āhua o to tatou paraneta - e kore te mea tika i te ao tino tika, engari he tinana motuhake o hurihanga - te geoid, te mata o nei awe e āhuatanga maha - ". hau rangi" te kaha o te mahara ki te E rua ngā o te geoid tautuhia e tona tuaka o te hurihanga - ko te Te Tai Tokerau, me te Pou Tonga. Equidistant i ratou ko te whakarara roa i runga i te whenua, "hope" a te whenua - te kōpae waenganui.

Otiia e kore e he tangohia te geoid, engari anake āhua whakaahua ana te āhua o te ao. E e waiho ia i roto i te ngaro o maunga me raorao, ki te reira ko anake he ata, mata houkura o moana o te ao. Tenei taumata whai wāhi nui i roto i te whakatere me te geodesy - te pūrongo o ia te tohu poutū mō ngā whakaurunga hangarau me te engineering.

Ko te roa o te ao

Matau e whakarara roa taea te me i ngā uara motuhake o inenga āhuahanga o te geoid. Ko te pūtoro o te ao, pera porowhita, "kōtē" i runga i te mata o te whenua, rite ki te pūtoro o te ao. whakaatu inenga tika e rerekē tenei tawhā i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao - ko te 21.3 km iti iho i te weheruatanga ao pūtoro poara. Ko te uara toharite - 6371 km

E ai ki te paenga tātai - 2πR - ka taea e tātai te roa o te kōpae waenganui. tautuhi paerewa geophysical Various tau ki te rerekētanga o e pā ana ki 3 m roto i toharite - km 40075. Ko te paenga o te afa - 40.007 km, e io te mau huru āhuahanga motuhake geoid.

kore Pae

Mātiti, hipokina nei ki te ao - ataata tauira ao - 360 puka meridians hono nga amo rua 180 me ngā rārangi whakarara ki te kōpae waenganui, tohaina ki runga i nga amo mongamonga 90 i runga i ngā taha e rua o reira. whakaaro te takenga o te ahopou mai 1884 te ki hei te afa ti'ao unu i roto i te Observatory Greenwich, kei runga i te tonga-rawhiti o te whakapaipai Ingarangi. Ko te whakarara roa e tuwhaina e te ao i roto i te tuakoi raki me te tonga - te take o te ahopae.

Faaau - tenei uara t, whanganga i roto i nga nekehanga. Ahopou - te koki i waenganui i te waka rererangi e haere ana i roto i te kore - Greenwich - afaraa me tetahi e tohu te raina honotanga pou te whenua, me te unu i roto i te wāhi. Ki te rawhiti o Greenwich ki 180 ° te ahopou rawhiti, ka huaina ki kia pai, ki te hauauru - te mea he uara tōraro me te tuku ki rite hauauru.

Nga ngā equidistant i te amo ki te hanga i te waka rererangi weheruatanga ao. unu i te pūtoro i te pokapū o te ao i roto i te wāhi i homai o tona mata, hanga ki tenei waka rererangi te koki nei nui ko te ahopae. Ko te whakarara roa kua kore ahopae. Ki te raki o te ao, whakaaro tenei koki kei te rite pai - i 0 ° ki te 90 °, te tonga - tōraro.

Tohu me ngā tikanga

Kōpae waenganui - anake rohe halá i waenganui i rua tuakoi, engari kua whakaohokia tonu ia te whakaaro tangata. Kaiwhakatere kaipuke i whenua rerekē faaoti ki te ū ki te tikanga motuhake ka whiti i te ahopae kore, rawa hoki te hunga e rave i te reira mo te wa tuatahi. Hea haere te weheruatanga wāhi ao, tamau noa'i te whakaturia tohu motuhake me ngā hanganga e hanga herenga te raina tūturu. tūruhi Rare mahue te whai wāhi ki te tu ki tetahi waewae i roto i te tonga, me te tahi atu - i roto i te tuakoi raki. Na ka wareware ki te ingoa o te ao whakarara roa, e kore e taea.

Ko reira te mea he rohe tata-weheruatanga ao o te whenua, me ētahi atu āhuatanga ahurei e hoatu ki a ratou he uara motuhake. Ko paku iti atu i te tahi atu ahopae me te hurihanga whakauka ao atu te attraction tō. whakaora tenei i te rota o te tākirirangi wahie ki te kawe i te waka ātea ki ohuraa. Kahore tāpiritanga e i roto i te weheruatanga ao Guiana French i runga i te rohe Amerika ki te Tonga ko te tīmatanga matatini wāhi whai hua te nuinga - Kourou spaceport.