Kōrero wā: definition, āhuatanga me te meka ngā

I hanga te biogeocoenose ariā pūtaiao e pūtaiao Russian Vladimir Sukachev. E whakarato ana i te kiripuaki whānui o ngā pūnaha tūturu, ka tūhura i te momo ngā o ngā taunekeneke ki waenganui i nga wahi o te rauwiringa kaiao: tipu, kararehe, moroiti. ako Rawa nui o momo o whanaunga aahuatanga whakahaere i tetahi atu pūtaiao Russian - V. Beklemishev i tāutuhia e wha momo o ratou. Me kï reira e te hononga wā - he reira i roto i te rauropi kotahi o te momo tino noa o taunekeneke o complexes koiora tūturu. Ka uiui e ratou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ko te ariā o te huinga

I mua tatou tūhura i te pātai o te pehea wā here e hanga e i roto i te biocenosis, he mea e tika ana ki te kia maheni ki te mauri koiora o te ariā o te huinga. E pā ana te reira ki te roa-ngā, te whanaungatanga tūhonohono o te maha kaiao e whakawhirinaki i runga i te momo o te mau taata hua - wehe. Ko te rauropi tino pinepine tūpono i roto i tenei tūranga ko nga otaota me ngā kararehe. mahi ratou rite te matua, te whakarato takitahi o ētahi atu momo, rawa ki te kai, me te tiaki. tauira Live whanaunga ki te inkonsortu endokonsortami kia, hei tauira, tawhio ranei rīpene kutukutu - noke mōkai me te tangata. Ekokonsorty - kaiao ora i runga i te mata (te tangata takitahi, ko te matua o, mo te tauira, tārake ika, noho i te tinana o te mango).

Ki te wā ratou haere mai ki te whakapā ki inkonsortom, kua karangatia e ratou ekzokonsortami (hei tauira pi honi kohikohi waihonga i etahi momo tipu).

Arataukai me wā e tika ana ki ngā consortia

Ki te māngai te pata e te tinana kotahi, e kiia ana ko te hapori takitahi, a, ki te te taupori katoa ara nga māngai o nga momo katoa ranei, na ka karanga taua huinga te taupori. rawa hohoro arataukai me kōrero wā puta i roto i te mau taata i roto i te sinuzialnoy huinga. I roto i tenei take, he kotahi ecobiomorphs - rōpū kaiao autotrophic o ngā tipu o rite kikokiko me ngā āhuatanga whaiaroaro, me te noho tikanga abiotic rite. Hei tauira, he rōpū o āhua tipu Division gymnosperms makuku-aroha - conifers (kauri, puruhi, larch), tupu i roto i te wāhi noa - puka kaiao sinuzialnuyu huinga.

Ko te mahi o Beklemisheva

Hoki te whakaahuatanga o te whanaungatanga kaiao matatini, me te kanorau katoa e puta i roto i biogeocoenose whakaritenga mokowā homai o momo whanaunga ki tetahi ki tetahi, kaiputaiao Russian Beklemishev tono wā kōrero wā. Tauira whakaatu ratou hanganga, whakaatu e pā ētahi rauropi atu e tika ana ki ngā huringa i roto i te āhuatanga o te taiao. Ka rite mea te pūtaiao, te hua ko te hononga wā conditioning āhuatanga abiotic o te taiao, e ko, te hanganga o te kaiao ora o te tahi mau tikanga physico-matū motuhake mo te oraraa o te mau taata o te tahi atu momo. Ko te kupu, i roto i te pūtaiao hou te ariā o ngā hononga wā Beklemishev whakaurua. Na i roto i te wai māori biocoenosis - te moana, e taea tetahi tatau neke atu i 125 tauira o te whanaungatanga wā o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe.

Hei tauira, ka waha momo kapokapowai Luetke hua i roto i te rau parenchyma tipu moana pērā i panepere, kōwhai wai-rengarenga, me pere momo takitahi - te wahi o raro o te mata rau o te taua tipu. kaiao rōwai e ora i roto i ngā roto wai māori, te nuinga whakamahi otaota rite he tïpako mo te tiaki o hua, me te kai i te torongū me pakeke takitahi o te momo kotahi - ora kaiao moana i runga i rau, ngā tātā me pakiaka o tipu moana - kaihanga.

Ko te tūranga o te tipu i roto i te hanganga o ngā hononga wā

māngai tipu kore anake te hanga tikanga taketake mo te ora o te tahi atu rauropi, engari kei te whakaawe kaha ratou ratou nga āhuatanga abiotic. Na, te whakawhetai ki nga ngahere nui o ngahere pārūrū, me te Siberian nohoia e te maha nui o ngā kaiao i roto i ēnei wāhanga i roto i te microclimate motuhake tipu hanga-photosynthetic.

Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te pāmahana atu māhorahora me te haumākū tino pai. Tenei he pānga pai i runga i te ora o kararehe, manu me ngā ngārara - te tangata o te uru raau no pārūrū me taiga. hononga Topical, tauira o nei kua matou whakaaro i runga, fokotu'u e tākaro ratou he wāhi nui i roto i rauwiringa kaiao tūturu, me ngā taunekeneke arataukai.

Te whanaungatanga o te rauropi i roto i te biocenosis Arctic

meka Interesting e pā ana ki te hononga wā e taea arahi i te ako matatini tūturu o te Arctic. I roto i te puna ki te Tundra me i nga motu o te Arctic Ocean rere he maha nui o manu moana: guillemots, eiders, guillemots. hanga ratou koroni manu. I roto i te wā o te hua-whakapanga (mutunga o Mei - wawe Hune) noho manu nga pari, e noho ana i runga i whanau karapiti e tata rawa ki tahi i te tahi. Noho tata Waterfowl he konihi noa - i te ruru ma.

Ratou e kore anake whangaia ratou guillemots taitamariki me murres, engari tiaki ano hoki te rohe katoa o te Waterfowl kōhanga i patua pokiha me ētahi atu konihi. hononga Topical, tauira o nei kua matou whakaaro i runga, whai wāhi ki te oranga o te mau taata o ngā momo rerekē e noho i roto i te tikanga te huarere tino o te rohe Arctic.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o whanaunga wā i roto i te biocenosis taiga

Ngā Akoranga B. Beklemisheva kua kï reira e te pūtake o ngā hononga wā o te rauropi ko ki te huri i te tawhā o te oraraa o te mau taata o te taua momo rite ki te hua o te mahi o ngā kaiao o ētahi atu momo. Hei tauira, ngā wāhi o te rimu Siberian (hita Siberian) maha tangata o te taiga: squirrels, chipmunk, Sable me, o te akoranga, rerekē momo o manu. Ko tētahi o ratou - te nutcracker. Kei te kotingotingo Takitahi o tenei momo ki te manu ngutu roa, me te whakakoi. whangaia ratou i runga i nati paina me te rokiroki ratou i raro i te apa o te taiga pūkohu. Wareware e pā ana ki enei kai, whai wāhi manu ki te horapa o te momo tino faufaa - hita Siberian.

Ngā momo o te whanaungatanga o te rauropi i roto i te ngahere te hōtoke

ako matou hononga wā, tauira o te hanganga i arotakehia e matou i roto i nga rauwiringa kaiao o te Arctic ko taiga, ka e oti ki te kore e kitea e tatou i roto i te meka e taea whai enei hononga i te uara tōraro. Na, i roto i te ngahere oki nohoia e iti Hymenoptera - patia au. Ko tōna wahine pã pokaia te kiri o rau oki, a patia ki te parenchyma o te hua manu. Torongū e paoa i reira tukuna huware, i raro i nei i reira he tini rerekē o te pepa, ka karanga "au". I roto i te reira te pai tiaki te torongū ki maha hoariri, engari te whakato iho te whakaiti mahi photosynthetic, rite e pāngia nga rau i rö o te pōrearea.

kōrero Topical tupu o te rauropi - hydrobionts

He tauira a Tūrongo, o nga taunekeneke, enei pūtaiao Russian Beklemishev - wā, ka taea e te mahi rite te mahi faufaa o te tahi mau momo o ika, te ingoa "horoi" i runga i te mata o te tinana o nui moana ora - mangō me te tohorā. Hei tauira, tenei ahua o rite wrasse, etahi momo o kōeke moana ranei he nēhi nuinga tangata o moana mahana. Kei te maha pakaru Shark kiri, me te tohorā Parasitic hātaretare, hei tauira, sandhoppers, isopods. Kai ratou, horoi whakaora ratou "kiritaki" i mate hopuhopu meinga e te werau kiri pathogenic. kia hanga i te kupu kotahi momo ki takitahi o ētahi atu momo e kore anake pāhekoheko kai, engari pā ano tona pākia, me te te mahi faufaa.

Whakarāpopoto taea tatou te mea ki te māia e te hononga wā, tauira, me te hanganga o nei arotakehia matou i roto i tenei tuhinga whakarato i tētahi momo matatini me te kanorau o taunekeneke - e rua hāngai, me te autaki i waenganui i takitahi o ngā momo rerekē i roto i te rauwiringa kaiao taiao - biocenoses.