Kupu whakaputa me ona momo

Hoki te tangata ia he mea he rawa nui o kōrero. Hanganga o te kupu tīmata ki te wā tuatahi o te whanaketanga tamaiti me ngā maha ngā wāhanga: i nga aue me te korero hoki o te matau whaiaro whakapuaki-i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā rautaki reo.

He pērā mea rite waha, tuhituhia, faahiahia, me te ngangahau kupu. whakaahua ratou te tukanga o te matauranga, tirohanga me te uri o tangi kupu, te hanganga o ngā kīanga ki te kia wewete i tuhituhia i roto i te heke mai ranei, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whakaritenga tika o te kupu i roto i ngā rerenga kōrero.

puka-waha, me te tuhituhi o te kupu: te ariā me te hiranga

Oral whakaputa reira mātātoa tā te okana wahapū (arero, mangai, niho, ngutu). Ko, i me te nui, tārua tūturu o oro ko te putanga noa o te mahi roro. Tetahi kupu, rerenga ranei kīanga tīmatanga tohu he whakaaro image ranei. I muri oti ratou hanganga puta, ka tukua te roro te tohu (te tikanga) o te taputapu kupu.

Writing me ona momo tei runga i te āhua o whakawhanakehia puka-waha o te kupu, kia rite ki, i roto i te meka, he mātakitaki o te taua tohu e puaki te roro. Heoi, nga āhuatanga o te reo tuhituhi taea te tangata atu tino me tika kitea nga kupu tika, ki te whakapai ake i te tuku, me te ki te whakatika te mea i tuhituhia i mua.

No te mea o tenei tuhituhi, ko te reira atu mātau, me te tika i roto i rite ki te waha. Notemea hoki kupu he tohu nui o te kounga o te reo, e korero ana tere, te mārama o te reo, audibility, āhuatanga reo tuhituhi e mārama o te tuhituhi, tona intelligibility me te whakaritenga o te reta me ngā kupu i roto i te pā ana ki tahi i te tahi.

Te tai'oraa i te tukanga o te tuhituhi me te korero, kia tohunga te māramatanga whānui o te huru tangata, maumaui taea o tona hauora, me te ratou take. kore kua ofatiraa o te mahi kupu e taea te kitea i roto i ngā tamariki i hanga e ki te tonu taputapu kupu, a i roto i ngā pakeke e kua i te patunga i te mamae i te tahi atu mate ranei. I roto i te take whakamutunga kia ai taua mea tino wāhanga ranei ora.

kupu faahiahia a whakaputa: he aha te mea te reira

kupu faahiahia tuku ki te tukanga hinengaro e haere tahi matau ki te rerekē momo o kupu (i tuhituhia me te waha). Āhukahuka o kupu oro me ratou perception - e kore te tikanga ngāwari. Ko te tino whai wāhi i roto i reira:

• rohe kupu rongo i roto i te uho kaka, hoki e mohiotia ana ko te wāhi o Wernicke;
• analyzer acoustic.

Malfunctions o te muri whakaoho huringa i roto i te kupu whakamīharo. Ka rite ki te tauira, he kupu faahiahia o te iwi turi, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te aronga o nga kupu kōrero i te kaupapa o te ngutu. Heoi, ko te tirohanga tūturu o ngā tohu rōrahi (ngā) ko te pūtake mo ratou reo tuhituhi faahiahia.

Schematically, e taea te whakaahuatia wāhi o Wernicke rite te ahua o te taupū kāri kei roto whakapakoko tangi o ako tangata katoa o tona kupu. I roto i tona ora, unu he tangata e ki tenei raraunga, tāpiri reira me papaki ratou. Ka rite ki te hua, te wahi i pangia, ko te whakangaromanga o nga whakapakoko reo o nga kupu e penapena reira. Ko te hua o tenei tukanga ko te ngoikore ki te mohio ki te uara o kupu i korerotia ranei kupu tuhituhi. Ahakoa ki te whakarongo pai, e kore e he tangata matau ki ta mea ia (ranei tuhituhi).

kupu whakaputa me ona momo - ko te tukanga o puta ohorere oro, e taea te whakatauritea ki te kupu faahiahia (ratou perception).

Ko te tukanga o te hanga kupu expressive

Mai i te tuatahi nga marama o te ora, ako te tamaiti ki te kite whakatutuki i nga kupu ki a ia. Hāngai kupu expressive, e ko, te hanganga o te loto, korero i roto, me te whakahua o oro whakawhanakehia e whai ake:

1. Aue.
2. Gulen.
3. Ko te haupū tuatahi, kia rite ki te ahua o Gulen.
4. Korero hoki.
5. kupu Simple.
6. Kupu e pā ana ki te papakupu pakeke.

Ka rite ki te tikanga, he pā ana tata ki te tikanga te whanaketanga o te reo whakaputa i roto i nei me te nui mātua wa lī'oa ki te kōrero ki te tamaiti.

I runga i te rōrahi o te kupu, waihanga tika o tono, me te waihanga o te whakaaro ake o ngā tamariki whakaawe katoa rongo ratou, ka kite a tawhio noa ratou. Hanganga o te kupu expressive ko te hua o te peehia o ngā mahi o ētahi atu, me te hiahia ki te kaha te kōrero ki a ratou. Āpitihanga ki ngā mātua me te whanaunga hei he akiaki nui mo te tamaiti, taea reira ki te whakawhānui i ngā kupu, me te fakaeongo i ako kōrero ā-waha.

Tūkinotanga o kupu expressive ko te putanga tika o ine i roto i te whanaketanga, te hua o te whara mate ranei. Ko te nuinga o nga ine i te whanaketanga reo noa Nireaha ki te whakarerekētanga me te ture.

Me pēhea te ki te tāutu i maumaui i roto i te whanaketanga kupu

Ko te rangahau o ngā tamariki kupu mahi, whakamātautau, me te tātaritanga o te mōhiohio riro kaihaumanu kupu, tākuta whai wāhi. kawea te ako o te kupu whakaputa i roto i roto i te tikanga ki te tautuhi i hanga te tamaiti te hanganga wetereo o te reo, ako i te kupu me te whakahua tangi. Ko reira hoki zvukoproiznosheniya rangahau, ona pathologies me o ratou take, me te mo te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga disorders ako, ako nga whika e whai ake nei:

• Whakahua o oro.
• hanganga haupū o kupu.
• Ko te taumata o te perception ā.

He whakaae hoki whakamātautau, he mārama kaihaumanu tohu e ko te reira i te whāinga e ko te mate o te kupu expressive ko ia ki te whakakite i. mahi ngaio tā mōhiotanga motuhake o te āhua o whakahaere te rangahau te, kia aha ahua o ngā rauemi e whakamahia me i te mea ara te hua, me te hanga i whakatau.

Homai nga āhuatanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki, te tau o e pā ana ki te mua-kura (whitu nga tau), i te tukanga o te rangahau maha whai wāhi te maha o ngā kaupae. whakamahi Ia o ratou kanapa motuhake, me te ātaahua hoki te hoho'a tau mea.

tukanga whakamātautau Raupapa

Ngā mihi ki te waihanga tika o te tukanga rangahau, he reira taea ki te tautuhi i te ngā pūkenga mā te ako i tetahi mahi. Tenei whakahaere taea hoki kotahi te wā mō te wa poto ki te whakaki i neke atu i te kotahi tūemi o kāri reo. Ka rite ki te tauira, ki te tono a te kaihaumanu kupu korero te korero. Ko te ahanoa o tona aro ko:

• whakahua o oro;
• diction;
• pūkenga i roto i te whakamahi o te taputapu waiata;
• te momo me te whīwhiwhi o tono whakamahia te tamaiti.

Kei te tātarihia te mōhiohio hua, a ka tono ki te ahuwhānui etahi kāri kauwhata kupu. Ka taea e taua rangahau e takitahi kawea atu hoki te maha o ngā tamariki i te wa ano (e rua ranei e toru) ranei.

ako korero expressive e tamariki e whai ake:

1. Te tai'oraa i te rōrahi o te kupu.
2. Kitea o te hanganga kupu.
3. whakahua Ako o oro.

Hoki o te faufaa nui ko te tātari o te kupu whakamīharo, e ngā te ako o te whakarongo phonemic, me te aroturuki o te māramatanga o kupu, ngā rerenga kōrero, me te kuputuhi.

Take o te kupu whakaputa

Me kï reira e kōrero i waenganui i ngā mātua me ngā tamariki, i roto i nei i reira ko te mate o te kupu whakaputa, e kore e taea e te take o te tūkino. Reira pānga anake te arataki me te huru whānui o te whanaketanga o ngā pūkenga reo.

Tino i runga i nga take e hoatu ara ki disorders o kupu o ngā tamariki e kore e taea ki te mea kahore mātanga. He maha ngā āhuatanga ngā ki te whakapiki ake i te tūponotanga o te rapunga o taua ine:

1. predisposition ira. Ko te aroaro o maumaui o kupu whakaputa i te tangata i te muri o te whanaunga.
2. he whanaunga tata te wāhanga nekeneke ki neuropsychological disorders tikanga.
3. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, hono waimaero korero expressive te ki iti rawa hanganga o te reo mokowā (arā, ngā wāhi o te huinga pae tino-kōpako kōpako). Ko te taea tenei ki localization maui-hemispheric o pokapū kupu, me te maumaui o mahi ïa i roto i te tuakoi maui.
4. whanaketanga iti o hononga neural, te rere lesion organic wāhi cortical kawenga mō te kupu (te tikanga tika-handers).
5. taiao pāpori kino, iwi e whai i te taumata o te whanaketanga reo, ko te tino iti. kupu whakaputa i roto i te tamariki kia whai ine e te hunga i roto i te whakapā tonu ki te iwi.

I roto i te haamauraa i te take pea o disorders kupu, e kore e tutakina i te taea o ine i roto i te taonga whakarongo, ngā disorders hinengaro, malformations congenital o nga okana wahapū me ētahi atu mate. Ka rite ki kua whakaaturia, ka taea e te tonu whakaputa kia whakawhanakehia reira anake i roto i te hunga tamariki e e taea ki te tika te whakatau i te rongonga o te tangi. Na reira, ko te reira faufaa ki te whakamātautau wā o rongo me te kupu.

Haunga te runga ake, ka taea e te take hei mate hopuhopu, underdevelopment o te roro, tona whētuki, tukanga puku (pēhanga i runga i te hanganga roro), toto i roto i te matenga kiko.

I kitea maumaui o korero expressive

I roto i te maumaui o korero expressive he dysarthria tino noa - i te ngoikore ki te whakamahi i te okana kupu (arero pāpāngia). Ona faaiteraa auau - Scanning kupu. Ehara i te mea onge, me tohu o aphasia - disorders o te mahi kupu, e kua oti i hanga. He āhuatanga motuhake ko te tiaki o tona taputapu wahapū me rongo tonu, engari ngaro te kaha ki te whakamahi i te reo hohe te.

E toru ngā momo ka taea o disorders kupu expressive (nekeneke aphasia) :

• Afferent. puta te reira ki te riro kino tari postcentral o te tuakoi tino o te roro. whakarato rātou i pūtake kinesthetic, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaoti i nga nekehanga o te wahapū taputapu. Na reira, riro te reira taea ki te kaute etahi oro. e kore e taea e taua tangata te korero i te pukapuka, i te tikanga hanganga rite: hei tauira, whakahianga apicals ranei. Putanga ko te takahi o nga mea katoa o te kupu: aunoa, noa, korerotia, whakaingoa. I tua atu, i reira e fifi ki te pānui me te tuhituhi.
• Efferent. Puta ka te pakaru wahi o raro rawa o te rohe premotor. Kei te karanga a hoki te reira i te wāhi o Broca. Ki te te kore pāngia te pakaru o te wahapū raima o oro (rite i roto i te afferent aphasia). Hoki taua iwi, te uaua, ko te ki te whakawhiti i waenganui i ngā waeine rerekē o te kupu (oro me ngā kupu). A, no te tangi i te whakahua motuhake o te kupu takitahi, e kore tetahi e taea te mea i te raupapa o oro ranei kīanga. Engari, i reira te mea he perseveration hua kupu, ranei (i roto i ētahi wā) reo embolus.

kia whakahua hoki tatou i te aphasia efferent ngā rite te kāhua telegraphic o kupu. Ko tōna faaiteraa riro he okotahi ki te papakupu o ngā kupu mahi me tūingoa predominance. Ka taea te ora te reira i tumu, kupu aunoa, waiata. Raru te mahi o te pānui, te tuhituhi, me te whakaingoa tūmahi.

• Hihiri. Kitea ka patua prefrontal, rohe i roto i te mua o te rohe o Broca. Ko te faaiteraa matua o taua ofatiraa riro te mate e pānga kaha te kupu hua noho. Heoi, i reira he tiaki o te uri kupu (re, aunoa). Hoki te tangata taua kei te mea i te whīwhiwhi o te whakaaro, me te ui i te uiraa, engari te wahapū o oro, he ngāwari te tāruarua o ngā kupu takitahi me ngā rerenga kōrero, me te te whakautu tika.

He āhuatanga motuhake o ngā momo katoa o te nekeneke aphasia riro whakatutuki mahara kupu tangata ki a ia, te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi katoa, ko te eita o tāruarua me te whaiaro faaiteraa-. Ko te noa ki hē kitea hoki te reira.

Agraphia rite te faaiteraa motuhake o disorders kupu expressive

ka karanga Agraphia te mate o te kaha ki te whakatika i tuhituhi, tahi e te tiaki o te nekeneke mahi o ringa. whakatika reira rite te putanga o te mate o nga mara herekore tuarua o te tuakoi maui o te uho roro.

riro ana tēnei mate he hoa i roto i disorders o kupu me rite te mate motuhake ko tino onge. Agraphia Ko te tohu o te tetahi momo o aphasia. Ka rite ki te tauira, kōrero premotor rohe lesion ki kākahu nekeneke hanganga reta whakararuraru.

I roto i te take o te kino iti, e mate ana i agraphia tangata e taea tika te tuhi i te pukapuka motuhake, engari karo te tuhi hape o ōna wāhanga, me te kupu. Pea te aroaro o mana'o e mangere me te tātari ngangau tangi-reta hanganga o nga kupu. Na reira, he uaua taua iwi i homai te raupapa anō e hiahiatia ana o reta i roto i te kupu. Ka taea e ratou kia rave rahi taime ki te faahiti etahi mahi e ofati i te tukanga whānui o te tuhituhi.

He rerekē tikanga o te wā

E pā ana te wā "kupu expressive" ki te momo o te reo, me ngā āhuatanga o tona hanganga i te tirohanga o neurolinguistics kore anake. yavlyatesya ia whakamāramatanga o ngā kāwai o momo i roto i te reo Rusia.

momo kupu expressive tīariari i roto i whakarara ki te mahi. ngā te whakamutunga he pukapuka, me te kōrerorero. momo tuhituhi o te kupu - te reira kāhua kairīpoata, pakihi mōhiohio, me te pūtaiao. no ratou ki te kāhua pukapuka-mahi. Korerotia rite te puka-waha o te korero.

Founga o kupu expressive whakapai ake i tona expressiveness me e hoahoatia ki te whakarei ake i te pānga puta i runga i te faaroo kaipānui ranei.

Ko te kupu "e kupu'i lea" e pā ana ki "ngangahau". Elements o te kupu taua he kupu hangaia ki te whakarei ake i te mana whakaputa o te reo ā-waha i tuhituhia ranei. E mea pinepine e taea kotahi kupu kūpapa tiki ake i te torutoru taurite peita ngangahau. ai ratou rerekē, i runga i te whānuitanga o characterizing te ahotea aronganui rānei. Ano, maha i reira he take ka kotahi kupu kūpapa, i reira e he huinga o taurite, me te tae ritenga.

kia whai i te Whaitae kupu expressive he momo taonga o rerekē atarangi stylistic. Papakupu ngā tohu motuhake me tohu ki te tāutu i enei taurite:

• whakanuitanga, tiketike;
• kōrero;
• rotarota;
• pārekareka;
• korokē;
• ia rātau;
• disapproving;
• teimaha;
• poka wahi;
• hahani;
• sulgarnye;
• kohukohu.

Mā te expressive kupu peita kia tika, me te mātau. Kore, ka taea e te hē te tikanga o nga tauākī ka riro te reo kōmeke ranei.

kāhua kupu expressive

Māngai o te pūtaiao hou o te reo e pā ana ki te hunga momo o te whai ake:

1. Gala.
2. Ia rātau.
3. Official.
4. Pārekareka.
5. Tupu, me te aroha.
6. E kata whakahawea ana.

ka te juxtaposition o enei momo katoa kūpapa, i te mea tino kowaiwai o tetahi faaiteraa.

Fakaeongo kupu expressive kaha whakamahia e toru ngā momo o te papakupu tata rite te tikanga whai hua ki te āwhina i te whakatutuki i te tae whakaputa e hiahiatia ana:

1. Mā te kupu e whai he uara kanapa pea,. Me uru tenei kupu e whakaahua te tangata. i roto i tēnei kāwai hoki ko nga kupu o te arotake i te meka, ngā, āhuatanga me te mahi.
2. Kupu ki te tikanga e whai hua. Kei te maha kūpapa, Heoi, he o te whakamahi i roto i te tikanga te kupu whakarite, te tiki e ratou tae aronganui tino oraora ratou uara matua.
3. Hiku, e whakamahi kupu kūpapa taea ki a koe tukua atu i te momo o atarangi o kare me mau mana'o.

I tua atu, i te tikanga whänui ana te whakaaetia o nga kupu, me ngā rōpū, whakatika ratou, i te pānga tika i runga i to ratou tae aronganui me te ngangahau.