Māngi rate utu - he aha te tikanga o te reira i tenei? Nga Fakatu'utāmaki o te auau utu tere?

Māngi rate utu - ko reira he kore oti o nga mana kāwanatanga o te Russian Federation o te tukanga ture o te moni motu ki nga Moni o ētahi atu whenua o te ao. i hanga te ahunga o te kaupapa o te auau utu kei te anake i runga i te pūtake o ture mākete o supply, me te tono. I te kau, kua pai mahi i te whenua torutoru noa tenei hōputu kaupapa here ki te whakapai kanohi ki tona moni. He tikanga ohaoha atu noa - he auau te whakarite.

Pū o tētē rate utu, me te pūmau

Ko te whakawhiti ki te manu RUPO tikanga ki te aukati i te whakamahi o te kotahi kauhanga moni, i roto i nei te uara o te moni motu rerekē mārama anga. A, no te te rohe o runga o raro ranei, kei te takahi i ona ope ake nga mana moni, e kua whakahaua i aueue i te auau utu. Wawaotanga i roto i te nuinga o te wā e wahi i roto i te hōputu wawaotanga. I runga i te mākete tuwhera kaha whakatinana te mahi faafariuraa pērā i te kōwae moni motu me pūāhua näianei.

I mua ki te whakatamarikitanga o te pāpātanga whakawhiti tere i roto i te kawenata Bretton Woods i roto i te tau 1944 i whakaritea he pūnaha auau utu i whakaritea e te mau fafauraa o tahatika pokapū takitahi whakaturia ona moni, kawe i ngā kawenga tonu ki te huri i te moni ke i roto i runga i te mau faahitiraa parau.

Ko te āhuatanga o te pūnaha auau whakaritea

i te whakaturengia ngā Māngi auau whakawhiti i roto i te 1944, i muri i kitea nga āhuatanga kitea o te auau utu whakaritea i. Ko te rerekētanga matua - te reira taha pakeke i roto i te āhuatanga o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga kāinga o te rohe kāwanatanga, me te tino ki te putaatu i te atamira ao. rītaha te korukī i roto i te pā ana ki tahi i te tahi - te rua o te kore motuhake o te kaupapa here. He he hononga tika ki nga pau o te whanaketanga takitahi o ia āhua. Hei tauira, kia kotahi te whenua e ite nui mau fifi ōhanga, i hoki te atu āhuatanga e te hauora kaha, me te totoka pūtea. Tenei tāne e arahi ki te mea e fehangahangai he whenua puäwaitanga he maha o ngā wero e tika ana ki te āhuatanga kino i runga i te rohe o tetahi State.

Ko te āhuatanga o te auau utu tere

I roto i tahuri, i te pūnaha o te tere auau whakawhiti, e tino faaore te āhuatanga i runga katoa, kei te hoki āhuatanga e te maha o ngā huakore. kia mea te reira e pā ana ki te pähekeheke tiketike o te mākete, e maha kaihokohoko hohoro tahuri ki te painga me te pūtake o ratou moni. E whakaritea pānga kino koi o rerekē moni anake i runga i nga whakahaeretanga o kaweake-kawemai o te hokohoko o te ao.

Tere i runga i te rohe o Russia

tīmataria tikanga moni Tuatahi mana i roto i Russia mai 1999. I hanga te whakatau tika ki taunoa, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te 1998. I muri ngā kino i roto i te hapori, kua te kāwanatanga Russian kua taea ki te faaore i te mana ino o te ōhanga i runga i te rängai pūtea motu. Kua he mea pēnei i te kete moni i roto i i whakamahia te tāra i taupiri, me whakaurua te ūropi i roto i 2005. whakatuwheratia e ia ake opuaraa whanui mo te ture o te moni te whenua o. Kia i here kua kawea i roto o te RUPO ki te Moni kaha e rua o te ao, te arotahi ki te ōhanga o te United States anake tonu ngoikore.

Tae noa 2009, te kāwanatanga kāwanatanga kaha whakaurua i roto i te mākete moni faahiti anake i roto i taua āhuatanga, ki te tīmata te uara o te kōwae moni ki te neke mātātoa ki te rohe o te kauhanga roa. I muri i te raruraru pūtea ao i roto i te 2008 ki te whakakahore i te ture. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga wawao mātātoa i roto i te kaupapa o faahitiraa ahakoa o ahakoa he ratou i roto i te kauhanga roa ranei i waho ona rohe.

matua

Tuatahi o te whakawhitinga o Russia ki te auau utu tere timata noa i taua wa Tepute Tiamana Ulyukayev CBR i 2005. tapaea e ia ki te neke ki tenei momo o te kaupapa here i roto i te wā i te tau 2010 ki te 2015. I taua wa, ko e tika ana ki te hiahia ki te haaparuparu i te RUPO te rationality o te huringa kaupapa here e tika ana ki te hua koi i roto i ngā moni ka. Ko te whakatau ki te feruri i roto i te rawa uncharacteristic mo nga tikanga ohaoha reira. Tenei pūmautanga pūtea, me te utu nui o te hinu, me te utu auau pūmautanga me te pai toenga o utu.

Aha e māngi kore i hōtaka utu whakatikaia ano?

Māngi rate utu - ko te hōtaka nui o huringa o te ōhanga, i rite nei e kaha mai 2012 tenei. Kei te Ko tōna whakatinanatanga mua whakaritea-i te timatanga o 2015. Nā ki te huri i roto i te rite ki 2005 te āhuatanga: te maturuturunga iho aukati pēhanga i roto i te uara o "koura mangu", te hekenga ōhanga i roto i te ōhanga, te pānga o ngā mahi a te kāwanatanga i whakamatauria te ritenga. ngoikore te RUPO ki te tāra me te kua whakaaturia pähekeheke inä. I te wa ka anake taea te āhuatanga whakatika te kaupapa here kaha o te Central Bank o Russia, i runga i te anga ke, tangohia ana e ia te whakatau i runga i tona disengagement me mātātoa pupuritia tona tūranga. He aha te mea he auau tētē utu mo te Russian, ki te mea raruraru, rite kore te pānga o tona whakatinanatanga ka e tutuki.

Māngi pāpātanga whakawhiti me te tapepe ōhanga

Māngi rate utu - ko reira te kaupapa here pūtea o te kāwanatanga, e kore ano e tika ki te whakamahi i roto i tētahi ōhanga iu. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i tenei tauira o whanonga te kāwanatanga whakanuia ana te mōrea o te moni tapepe anake tenei. He meka ngā ko e te whakaaro o te pai "tohunga ao" e tohutohu te kāwanatanga o te kāwanatanga, i tenei ra he reira rawa kë. I roto i ngā, rite ki te māngai o Investbank tere rate utu tikanga ko rawa Kāore e tika ana ki te aukati kino hoatu mua e te kāwanatanga mō te nama makona nui waho o te kāwanatanga rangatōpū. hanga tohunga pūtea te tirohanga māia i runga i te āhua o te tapepe, e rua pūtea, me te utu. Andrei Belousov, noho i te pou o te Kaiāwhina ki te peresideni kī nuitia e, ahakoa te whakataki o te auau utu tere, he rite hoki tenei nui ano te whenua. Āwangawanga e pā ana ki te meka i te pähekeheke o te moni e taea te arahi ki te destabilization oti o nga whakawhitinga hokohoko waho rite ki te hua o te kore ki te whakarite i te herenga i raro i ngā kirimana hainatia i mua.

kawea te faaauraa i roto i ki te tau 1993, ka i roto i te waenganui o te puna e tika ana ki te hinga o te RUPO i akina atu te nuinga o nga kamupene nui o te whenua ki te whakamutu i kirimana wā roa-a tukua parekura rawa nui. Ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi ao, he auau whakawhiti tere - ko reira kaupapa here moni e taea whakaatu iho whai hua anake i roto i whenua i reira te tipu i te ōhanga i te tere nohopuku, a ka ko te ahumahi i roto i te pirimia o te ora. Ko te tūemi kaweake matua i roto i tenei hanga e no.

Māngi rate i roto i te ao

whakaturia māngi rate utu tikanga te tika 34% o te ao. Ko te ahua ngā 65 whenua, 29 o nei mahi he auau utu tētē ki wawaotanga i roto i wā onge, me āhua 36 Kua mahi te hanganga o te moni motu e aki ana anake i runga i te hanganga o te tono mākete ki supply. Absolute pāpātanga whakawhiti tere - he āhuatanga e kua tino whakatinanahia i 17 whenua o te Pākehā Union. Ko te toe 13 whenua, 70% o nga hea o ngā ahumahi rerekē i roto i te kaweake. Ko te rārangi o āhua mahi tāwhai kaukau moni motu, me te motuhake i roto i te hanga te hinu, Mexico me Norway i anake. Kei te mātātoa te mahi te akoranga me hoa rautaki o Russia. Ko Turkey, Brazil ko Inia tenei. Ēnei āhua i te wawaotanga moni rawa ngohengohe o te Central Bank. He auau whakawhiti tere, te mau hopearaa o e kua timata kē ki te whakaatu kaha ano kahore he whai hua,, mai kore ko Russia āhuatanga o te utu ke mākete inihua mōrearea pai whakawhanakehia-. ki täwahi, Oil kotahi whāiti i te tahi atu moni, pai io pūmau, me te whakaritea.

"No te" tūranga

Whakaaro i te pātai o te mea te auraa ki te auau utu tere hoki Russia, he mea utu mea e te āhuatanga he noa e kore e tenable. E kore te te Central Bank fakahoko ona herenga rite tautuhia i roto i te ture e rite ana ki te hua o mau faahitiraa rā ko te tawhiti nui. Plus mo te hanganga pūtea ko e kore e whai te reira ki te whakapau o ratou rahui koura ki te kēmu ki te Kamupane. Na roto i te aro tuwhanga reira te meka e tupu ara Kamupane i te mata o te pähekeheke kaha. A tuu i te kaitākaro tino whai mana o te mākete i te mata o te Central Bank tenei ra nohoia e nui, tohunga i puta moni ke, e ake 72% o te rere moni. He aha fakamanamana'i te auau māngi utu mo te whenua me ona iwi i roto i te heke mai, he raruraru mea, no te mea piki tei runga i te mahi otirā ranei o te Central Bank.

whakaaro hape

Ko te tikanga o te auau whakawhiti tētē, a pehea whai hua ko reira hoki Russia, korerotia i roto i te mātauranga teitei, ahakoa te meka e ngā mōhiohio katoa whakaratohia he hē. I roto i tetahi o nga pukapuka e wātea ana nga raraunga e whai ake nei i runga i te ōhanga: "Ka te rate utu tētē i roto i te kore o te toenga o utu te whakaritea ki te takarepa e undeniably e whakaiti i te rere o tara ki te rohe o te kāwanatanga. Ka nahanaha haere ki raro te utu o te moni motu rite te hua - te whakaiti i te utu o taonga kāinga, ratou popularization i runga i te mākete kāinga, me te whakanui ake i tāwāhi. I tua atu, ka nui ake i te tupu o tāwāhi te whiwhinga o tara, me te tono o te moni ke e hinga, ka ara te RUPO. " Ki etahi whānuitanga he tika tenei, engari, whakaaro tenei pātai, me whakaaro tatou e te mea nui mō ngā whenua e tuku taonga, te utu o nei i hanga te anake i te utu mākete kāinga te tikanga. Te whakamārama he aha Fakamanamanai ki tere rate utu, ka waiho i te reira māmā ka whakaaro koutou e ngā te kaweake o te kāwanatanga i runga i 72% o te hinu, me te hau, me te utu o te pūngao i hanga te katoa i runga i te hokohoko o te ao. Ka rite ki te hua, "free RUPO tētē" taea kore arahi ki te hua i roto i te moni motu, ki te hua i roto i ngā pukapuka tāwāhi ranei. Hei whakatika hua o te kaupapa here moni i roto i tona taha, kia etahi Russia ona ki tāwāhi o te nomenclature koloa, nui atu i na hoa whenua e e te mahi mātātoa i raro i te take o te whänui.

He aha ki titau i roto i te heke mai?

He auau whakawhiti tere, te mau hopearaa o e he tonu unknown, oroko whai wāhitanga ki te Central Bank i roto i ngā o te tupuraa o wawao. I roto i tenei take, mārama kī te IMF paerewa e whai te tika ki te wawao kaua e neke atu i te 3 ngā wā i roto i te 6 marama te Central Bank, e kore e te roanga kia neke atu i te 3 ra. Ka taea ki te pupuri i te taumata iti ture tino o te pūmautanga o te moni motu.

Central Bank o Russia kaha whakamahi auau huamoni mō ture moni. hanga Moni Whakapakari i whakaiti o tona nui, e arata'i ki te hanganga o te mōrea tere tiketike, me te faataupupû i te tupu ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. Kei te tipu haere Loans, hoko puna uaua mō rāngai ōhanga o te haumi. Whakaaro i te pātai o te mea te tikanga o te reira ki te auau utu tere, e taea humarie tatou te mea e te āhuatanga, i roto i te meka me te he hekenga o te akoranga, - te mau hopearaa o te kaupapa here Central Bank. Mau hopearaa - hūpeke ki runga ki te mākete moni me te huru natulá pukuriri.