Mata White: te āhuatanga, hanga, te whakamahi, kino ki te hauora

tae ma Mineral, hanga i runga i te pūtake o te mata, ko muri i te kohuke ngā te i roto i to ratou hanganga - mata ma. Kei te kehekehe ka karanga anō i runga i te whenua, te wā me te tikanga o te hokohoko peita hāngai mata-: psimition, Tatimana, cerussite, hiriwa tika pahuka i hiriwa, Klagenfurt, Venetian ma, mata ma parakore me ētahi atu ranei.

Ko te hītori o te takanga

Hoki te wā tuatahi mata ma kua whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhituhi o te kaituhi Kariki Dioscorides i IV rau BC. i mohio Kua pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te mata, me te taea i roto o reira ki te whakaputa i ngā tae. He iti hangarau te paru ahumahi i muri, ranei, rite huaina ratou a ratou, cerussa, kua whakaahuatia te kaituhi Roma pērā i Vitruvius, Pliny ko Theophrastus. puta te "hou" marama o mata ma mo te wa tuatahi i roto i nga Hōrana i te ake Middle. Wheketere hanga o ma kitea rawa hohoro te tohatoha whanui, a kei te tipu tonu ratou kohi. Ahakoa tenei, te pūtaiao Bergman anake ki te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII, i taea ki te whakakitea te hanganga matū o ma.

Ka rite ki hoki Russia, e kore te mea pera tawhito te hītori o te whakamahi, me te hanga o te mata ma, he rau tau ki muri, ka anga ratou ki te hua mo tatou. peita-e hāngai ana Arahina i roto i ngā rahinga nui whakaputaina i roto i Yaroslavl, whakaaro nei ki te hei i te pokapū o te hanga o te paru kihai i konatunatua. Ki te rā, i reira e rave rahi wheketere mahi i roto i te hanga o te ma-mohiotia rama e te hunga rongonui te ao.

poi o tono

e kore koe e whakamahi i mata ma rite te whakarewa mo te tahi atu tae. Ko te taua pā ki to ratou whakamahi i roto i te peita mahi hoki o te tāoke tiketike o te hua. I roto i te wā tino te whakamahi o te peita ma e hāngai ana mata-mo ngā mata whakarewa.

Ki te, Heoi, i reira ko te whakamahi o te mata ma i roto i te mahi, he mea e tika ana pipiki tino ki ture haumaru whakaritea i roto i te take o te whakamahi o taua raau taero. No te mea o te pānga kino i runga i te tinana tangata, ara hei wāhanga o te peita e riria reira ki te whakamahi i ārahi ma.

Nā ki te tāoke tiketike te whakamahi o ma whakaritea i te taumata-ture. Ko te kupu, pāngia nga ture o 1909 me 1926 te heke koi i roto i te hanga ā-tau o enei peita i France. Kotahi tekau ma rua wheketere peita i roto i tenei whenua tau hua neke atu i te 20 000 tana o Whiting i roto i te wa nei, e kore e te nui nui 1,000 tana. e, kāore, te tono anake enei ture ki te rohe o France, i roto i te tahi atu mau fenua, e kore e te whakamahi o te mata ma whāiti e te ture.

Āhuatanga o te mata ma

E hua ratou i roto i te puka o te paura ma taimaha he hanganga potakataka. A, no te kitea ki te kohu o te waikawameha ahetiki ki te hanga i ārahi me te mata ma. Tae ratou, te whakawa i te ingoa, ma. Nā ki te āhua o te tukanga whakaputa ki te hua whakamutunga kei te nui iti o te huka mata. Tenei pā te kakara o te mata ma, kua ratou hā paku sourish, a kore me nui te ōwehenga o ahetiki tote mata taketake 1% o poke katoa.

peita kohuke, e kua titoa o mata ma, i te mana piringa nui, me te wa whakamaroke poto. Whakatika ki te 10% o te katoa taimaha o te mangumangu o ratou absorption hinu. Outdoors hohoro White tā, me puta tenei puta noa i te matotoru o te apa peita. Ko te whakawhetai ki tenei kounga rite ui i roto i te peita i roto i te hangarau multilayer me te hanga o primers hinu mata ma.

Kei te ngāwari Composition, a konei te kaha mo te whakamaroke tere o te waituhi whakawhiti ki ētahi atu rauemi, ki te hua e ara te waituhi puhoi-whakamaroke ki te hohoro maroke i puta noa i tona apa. O te uara ngā e whiwhi hoki podmalevki rite pai mo te poke muri, te pai e pā ana ki ngā papa muri, me te kore e anganga.

Ngā heke i roto i te whakamahi o te mata ma

I tua atu i nga painga kitea o te whakamahi o te mata ma, to ratou he maha o ngā taimaha.

Tuatahi, me te tuatahi ko reira utu te tuhituhi i te tāoke tiketike o te paura. A, no te mea komukumuku ture haumaru katoa me aru, i roto i te tikanga, kia e maputia te paura te. Kei te mohiotia te reira i kore anake hoki ngā take o paihana nui, engari ano hoki mate.

mata White e taea ki te taui i to ratou marama. A, no te kitea ki te hauwai sulfide peita reira te tuatahi haamata ki te tupu parauri, a ka tino tahuri mangu. tupu tenei anake, ki te te wahi o te tau iti o te huānga kōpaki ma. Heoi, he reversible tenei tukanga. Hoki tuatahi hopu peita mata momo tae me hamani ki te hauwai, ahei o e whakaahua ana i te pūngāwhā mata pango ki te ma ngāwhā.

I roto i te taiao kawakore, ma rawa iu, i te mea he aha e kore e tika ana mō te kawakore tempera me te fresco ratou.

I roto i te peita i taua pū i kitea. mata White, te tereraa hinu linseed ki, E te kaha ki te huri i te ao. Ki te tahuri te pikitia kei te atu i te matapihi, a kua whakahaua ki te peita taiepa i runga i mata ma kowhai, engari e taea ki te hoki ki te tae taketake, i te mea kua kitea i te reira ki te rā tika.

Variety o ma

Ki te rā, i reira he momo rerekē o ma. Ko te noa tino Lead, konutea me te Titanium.

Arahina - te matamua, ratou maha whakamahi i te toi tawhito. Painga o ratou ko e taea te tono i te reira i roto i ngā papa mārama, me te tino hohoro te peita maroke. He he hanganga ngāwari me te he atu eu. Ko te drawback matua ko tona tāoke.

ma Titanium. he kahore iti rongonui ki toi ratou me he rite ki te mata ma nga āhuatanga. Tenei peita Ko te reo whitest, engari tona ngoikoretanga ko e ko reira tino mārama, me te tino whakakiia ana te tahi atu pepe.

He tino hira ki te rangatira ma uku enei. wawao ratou tika i roto i te paru, me te mea ko e kore nui, ka tono te kahu angiangi i runga i runga o tetahi.

Konutea waikura. e kore e rite matotoru rite ratou ma Titanium , a pera e whakamahia ratou mo toning me te tono ngā papa mārama. Ko te mate o tenei peita ko te wa whakamaroke roa anake.

tikanga Tatimana

Ko te ara tuatahi me tino tawhito o te hanga mata ma tenei. Hoki tenei tukanga, kua tapahia te mau api mata 2-3 mm Unuhia whānui ki te roa o te 6 cm whakanohoia i roto i te ngingilá pata oneone, ko te kupu displacing tōrino. kia pata e pā ana ki te 1 rita, me te teitei o te 20 cm. i honoa tukunga 250 ml o te winika. Ko te pata e whakanohoia i roto i rarangi o pereki kāmera me whakauruurutia ki paparanga o whakawairakau hoiho, e tapiritia. I te kahu kāpehu, whakawairakau hoiho raro, kua whakaturia ai ki te kahu tuatahi o pata, e hipoki ratou i runga i runga ki paraharaha, mata, me papa, nga mokowā i waenganui i nga pata ki tonu ano hoki i te whakawairakau. Ko te kupu e whakaturia pata ake ki nga papa runga.

I roto i whakawairakau mahia FERMENTATION wera, e whakatairanga te whakaetonga o te waikawameha ahetiki. A, no te catalyzing hāora i te tote ahetiki rangi mata-hua, kua tahuri ki uglesvintsovuyu, e ko te mata ma. Ko te tukanga o te te wehenga o ma i te mau api mata o te mahi a te nuinga o, maha mahi i roto i tenei mīhini. whakamahia te nuinga whānui tenei whakaaro ko te pūrere maunga mo.

tikanga Tiamana

Ko te rerekētanga i te tukanga o German Tati anake i roto i ngā taipitopito. pepa Lead kore pokanoa i nga pata, me kua whakairihia i roto i te pereki, me te rakau pūtau. pānga te tukanga atu waikawameha ahetiki me te hāora ōrite. Nuinga o ngā wā e whakamahia ana i tēnei tikanga te pūrere Meiha.

tikanga French

i whakaarohia Tenar e te tikanga French mō te hokohoko i ārahi ma. kua hangaia hoki reira otinga tuatahi tai ārahi ahetiki, a ka i roto i i haere te hauhā te. Ka rite ki te hua, ma watea, me te tote Lead ahetiki toharite tonu i roto i te otinga. Ko tenei tukanga hokohoko, pera i roto i te otinga redissolved litharge pau, hanga he tote taketake.

tikanga Ingarihi

Ko te matatini atu tenei tikanga o te tango mata ma, me te te reira whakamahia iti tata. Ko te pahu whakapae whakanohoia litharge, ae makuku ana ki te otinga o te 1% huka mata. Reira te whakamahi i ia hurihanga agitator. I roto i tenei take, tukatuka te awa hauhā te.

Hoki tenei tukanga, ko reira hira e i roto i te litharge ko kahore poke, ma kia whiwhi i tētahi tae houhou ranei.