Mātauranga i roto i ngä whare wänanga o Kyrgyzstan

Dobaev KD, Ph.D., ahorangi Kaiwhakahaere TSPPO Kao

I runga i te take o te hangarau nama o whakangungu i roto i ngā whare wānanga o Kyrgyzstan

E ai ki te ture o te Kawanatanga o te Kyrgyz Republic i August 2011, "I runga i te whakatūnga o te hanganga e rua-taumata tohanga o te mātauranga teitei o te Kyrgyz Republic" whare wānanga e neke ki te pūnaha e rua-taumata tohanga o ngā tohunga whakangungu. Ko te taua ture whakaritea te whakawhitinga ki te hangarau nama o whakangungu i roto i te tuarua, me te mātauranga umanga teitei.

Na ka taka e wānanga paetahi me rangatira, ki te kahore hoki etahi tino. Na tenei tikanga, ko te nui ake iti iho ranei mārama. Tera atu ano tetahi raruraru, ara te translation o te pūnaha whakangungu umanga katoa ki te hangarau nama. He aha te mea te ngako, me te aha ko nga parau tumu o te pūnaha mātauranga? He mea tika ki te mea i kotahi e ko te tauira hou o te mātauranga, he ahurea hou o te mātauranga tenei. A, no te te pūnaha nama e neke atu i te pūnaha tīariari tuku iho, ka he ākonga i runga i te hōtaka e haere ki te piha matou. Ākonga ki te ono haora i te ra i ki te haere i te akomanga rōpū kauwhau ranei. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ko ia te ahanoa o te rongo, te wahi i whakaritea e ia he wāhi hāngū i roto i te tukanga akoranga. Hoki ki ngā ākonga te whakatau pēhea te maha akomanga kia haere ia me pehea te tikanga kia tukua maha whakamātautau me whakamātautau i runga ki te mutunga o te wāhanga. E kore e te ākonga i te tika ki te afe mei te akoranga, i nga mea katoa ki te haere tino i te marautanga, hōtaka, kia rite ki te hōtaka o te tukanga mātauranga.

I raro i te pūnaha nama o whakangungu te ākonga homai te te haere noa o whiriwhiri o pekanga mātauranga, akoranga, me te ara he kaiwhakaako. I roto i te haapiiraa tuatahi e tango te ākonga te marautanga ki te katoa matatini take, mahi, taumahi, whakamātautau hoki whakamātautau-whaiaro, me te karanga a hoki tenei hōtaka te "marautanga". marautanga kupu mo tatou i te ariā hou. e kore e ano maha ngä tino mōhio o te wāhanga taketake o te marau, me te reira whakapono e te marautanga, ko te hōtaka kotahi mahi. I roto i te meka e kore ko reira. unu i te hōtaka mahi i runga mo te tari, tari o te tumuaki. Ko te hanganga o ngā hōtaka mahi katoa te taua: ko te kaupapa, ko te maha o ngā hāora i runga i te ako o te kaupapa, te rārangi o ngā tohutoro. hiahiatia tēnei tuhinga i te Tari ki te aroturuki me te aru i te whakatinanatanga o te marautanga.

Syllabus rite mo te ākonga, me te arotahi ki runga ki te ākonga. e tango e ia ākonga te marautanga i te haapiiraa tuatahi. kia hanga Syllabus ki tetahi te ako whakangungu ranei mātauranga kōwae. Syllabus He rite te ahua o te hōtaka, me te pera te ākonga te mahi ako hanga rite ki te mahere. I roto i te mau parau atu marautanga ko, ki etahi whānuitanga, he aratohu ki te whanaketanga o te ako mātauranga kōwae ranei. Na pera i reira ko te āhua kotahi, me te hanganga o te marautanga. He ahurei ia kaupapa, me te whakarato hoki i te whāinga motuhake mo te hanganga o etahi kaiakatanga. mahi te kaiako anake rite te kaitohutohu ki te ārahi i te mahi ngā ākonga. Ka taea e te ākonga kōkiri ki haea totoro te reira ngahau mo te tau torutoru ranei. E hiahia ana koe ki te ako - ka ako, kahore - tou pakihi.

Ko te tūtakitanga tuatahi ki te mea kaiwhakaako i whakangungu i runga i te hangarau nama - ko te kore o te wā. Ki te nga mau haapiiraa o te hangarau tawhito, roa tata te hawhe te haora, ko te inaianei e pā ana ki e rima tekau meneti. Ko te take i te paerewa mātauranga kāwanatanga, ahakoa unu ake i runga i te mātau, engari ko te puka tuku iho, kei te hangaia kaupapa mō te rua haora mātauranga, inaianei to tatou ki te whakatau ki a ratou i roto i iti te wa. Ia ako mātauranga kōwae ranei kua i tetahi ki te tekau whiwhinga. E ai ki ngā ture kāwanatanga, i reira tautuhia he taurewa e i roto i 30 haora, tae atu 20 haora o te haere i runga i te akomanga, wā rōpū me tekau haora mo te kōrero, mahi motuhake, me te takitahi. I roto i te taua pēhanga wā ki te hoatu kauwhau i roto i te kāhua tuku iho, arā, Kei te hoko Kāore - whakaaturanga o nga ngā o te ihirangi o te ako. hangarau mātauranga Credit e atu ki nga tikanga tawhito o te whakaako, me o ratou whakakapi i te aratohu i runga i te mea he tika ki te whakarongo ki te rauemi kauhau, e ko, i te āhua o te kauhau kia tautuhinga-tohu. He ākonga i te whakarongo hāngū riro he kaiuru itoito, engari he kauwhau apiti. I roto i te tahi mau ara e matau te ākonga kua te kaupapa, no te mea te raruraru i runga i ona ringa e ia he marautanga, a pea ki etahi tikanga o te kaupapa kauhau mohio ia, kua ia ano he pātai ki te kaiako. O te akoranga, e turai te reira i te ākonga ki te tukanga mātauranga, engari ano hoki i te kaiako i te manawarū ki te kia whai hua ai. Ko te wa ka haere mai te kaiako, riria me mahue i waho te hiahia i roto i te whakawhenumi o te rauemi kauhau kia haere ki roto ki te mua.

Ko te hou puka o te whakangungu tā rauemi here me te taputapu hangarau, akomanga rorohiko, rongorau, Internet, amiorangi TV, he whare pukapuka nui. Ko ia he ākonga i tetahi wa e taea kitea te mea ngā, haere ki te taiwhanga rorohiko, me te mahi i te mahi takitahi. Ko, kāore, tenei te faatura, to tatou whare wānanga raruraru nui i roto i. E kore e te raruraru tuatahi me te tuatahi i roto i ngā kura tiketike hanga nga tikanga e tika ana mō te mahi hua o ngā ākonga, me ngā kaiako. E tata maha whare wānanga kahore ruma rorohiko hou ki te whai wāhi Ipurangi free. A kei hea i reira he akomanga hōtaka, i 7 ki te 18 pm, ranei te wātea o enei akomanga ko he raruraru nui mō te nuinga o ngā ākonga. e kore e ētahi whare wānanga noa i to koutou ake pae. A ki te mea i reira he tahi mea e kore e mau te mahi ia, e ko, te faaau nei tatou ki te kore e whakahoutia, me ētahi atu Na, ka hangarau nama katoa kaiako, me whai he hononga Ipurangi te ākonga.

Ko tētahi atu raruraru kahore iti nui o te whakahaere o te tukanga mātauranga. He aha ta tatou e te tikanga? Tuatahi o te katoa, "zakovannost" tukanga mātauranga, tona whakaroa, wehe i te whakatutukitanga tūturu o te tukanga pūtaiao, me te hangarau o te whanaketanga pāpori, eu marau mātauranga mō ngā tekau tau, huarahi tuku iho ki te whakahaere o te tukanga mātauranga, arā, te mātauranga whare wānanga e kore whakahaua ki te hanganga o ngā pūkenga me te matatau te whai wāhi ki te faahohonu i te mātauranga whānui, me te motuhake me ngā pūkenga, me te ako i te rauemi mo nga whakamātautau me ngā whakamātautau, kia rite ki te hua o te whiwhi pōkairua, nihi e kore e taea te whakahaeretia s e tona mohio ake, a i roto i te meka kua oho matou i runga i te hangarau nama, e whai wāhi huringa taketake i roto i te whakahaere o te tukanga mātauranga. A, no te mea kua tupu te rahi o te hangarau nama mahi motuhake, me te takitahi tino, a reira kia whakaritea te tukanga ako kia rite ki te hoatu i te whai wāhi mōrahi mō te mahi motuhake me te takitahi o ngā ākonga. tonu te reira ahakoa te wa mo taua mea, a roto i te whānui, i reira ka kia nui o te ākonga o te akoranga tuatahi kei te rawa e matakitaki ana, me te waiwai i muri haora Jota ki rima haora i te ra? E kore matou e whakaaro i te mea e tika ana ki te kai, ki te tiki i ki te whare, me te aha atu tonu te reira ki te maka ki te mahi i te katoa, i te mea he aha te ākonga. Ratou haere noa ki te kura, me te noho ratou.

Ko te raruraru i muri ko te taumata tino iti o te kura. e kore e te nuinga "pervoshey" tata kahore pūkenga o ngā mahi ako takitahi i hanga i te taumata rawaka i roto i te pānui me te tuhituhi pūkenga. Hapa i te pūkenga ki te mahi ki te tuhinga nui-pūtaiao, me te tikanga i hanga o mātau, e he tika mo te ako angitu i roto i teitei pūnaha mātauranga ngaio. E kore matou e whakarārangi nga āhuatanga katoa o te kura, engari te mea anake e kore e iti iho i te rua-hautoru o te taupori katoa enei ākonga. Ko mārama Kotahi te mea - te hōtaka mātauranga teitei mō maha ākonga tūmanako e whakauru i runga i te akoranga tuatahi, "uaua rawa", me ara atu pera ka te ākonga rite ki te pūnaha nama ano kia whakatau ratou ake tauira o ngā mahi mātauranga. kia whakaakona tahuri tuatahi ki te ako. E kore e taea e te hiahia mo te matauranga i roto i te korehau kia. Na reira, me mohio te ākonga ki te matau e korero ia o te matauranga kia rite ki te matauranga o te tupuna o te tangata tohe Kariki onamata Socrates: "E matau ana ahau e kahore ahau e mohio," engari no te mea e hiahia ana ahau ki te mohio. E whakatakotoria Ako pūkenga i roto i te tau kura, engari kia rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, e kore e te kura te whakatutuki i tēnei misioni. E ti'a ia tatou ki te ripeneta i te ihirangi o te mātauranga kura me te hangarau whakangungu. I roto i nga tau tata nei, kei te tango i te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga i roto i te mahi tahi ki te Kyrgyz Academy o te Mātauranga kaupae raima ki te whakaiti i te ihirangi o te mātauranga kura, me te whakapai ake i ngā hangarau ako, engari "e reira mau mea." Ia paraparau tatou no te whakaiti i te rōrahi o te hōtaka kura, tatou matua i roto i te ngakau te whakaiti hangarau o te hunga atu kaupapa o te marautanga kura ranei. Ko te faaapî o te mātauranga e kore e taea e matau e te whakaiti hua ranei i roto i haora e kore e huri tetahi mea he kaupapa kura. E hinaaro tatou i te faaapîraa tuwhena o te kura katoa. I roto i tenei tikanga, ko te whakawhitinga ki te marautanga i te whai wāhi ki te huri i te tauira katoa o te mātauranga kura. engari kāore i rite te marautanga whakatinana i roto i te whakaaturanga kura tuatahi e rite te pai, a ka tahuri te reira i roto i rite tonu. Na ko tenei e tika ana ki te huarahi kāhore, kei te whakatinana i te iwi kāhore he huarahi marautanga i roto i te mātauranga kura. Na pera i roto i te heke mai tata kore te tetahi huringa nui i roto i te kura tūmanakohia. He aha te mea te otinga mō ngā kura?

Tuatahi. I runga i nga akoranga tuatahi, me te tuarua ki te whakapakari i te mātauranga whānui, pea e kore ko reira te mahi o te whare wānanga, engari i reira he kahore kē. Kohl piro koe, ka whakaurua hoki te tau tuatahi ki te pai koutou kia ake te wāhi kura, no te mea i te paetahi kihai i ngā kaiako marau ngaio, me te motuhake te hua ko te kore te mea aces. Ko reira kahore he mea whakamiharo e mea ratou "asu Tuatahi me beeches, a ka pūtaiao."

Tuarua. Take tangohanga mutu, me te tuku o ngā ākonga i roto i te mātauranga teitei, me te umanga. e kore e Kati ki te whakaputa i paetahi lumpen i tono i roto i te mākete mahi. Kati ki te whakauru ngā ākonga i te katoa, me te huarahi. Ko te meka e whakatakoto ana i te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga ia tau he paepae iti mō te whakauru e hāngai ana i runga i nga hua o ORT, i roto i to tatou whakaaro ko te tikanga e whakanui i anake te wāhanga pirau i roto i te whakauru i roto i teitei pütahitanga mätauranga. Kua whakaurua katoa e hiahia ana ki te whakauru i roto i te kura nui. I roto i te whānui, e kore e taea e nga hua o ORT hoatu te aromatawai whāinga o whakatutukitanga mātauranga o ngā raukura o ngā kura tuarua. E aro mātai ana ORT kotahi anake kaha i roto i te whakaaro arorau, engari kihai mohio i kua riro i roto i nga tau i tona kura i runga i te kaupapa ngā. Na reira, kia tangohia ka whakauru i roto i teitei pütahitanga mätauranga ki pūkete maha āhuatanga, tae atu ki ngā pekanga tūturu me o te matauranga. I roto i te whānui, whakaatu wheako e hoki neke atu i te tekau tau o te wheako rite ki te hua o te whakaurunga ORT kounga o te mātauranga teitei kore i pai ake, engari kua hinga koi.

E kore e matou ki a ORT, engari anake rite ki te hua o ORT whakaurunga o teitei pütahitanga mätauranga whakaaro te iti. ORT i te puka i roto i nei mahi reira pai, kia rite ki tetahi o nga whakamātautau whakahauanga i runga i te par ki ētahi atu momo o te aro mātai o ngā whakatutukitanga mātauranga o ngā raukura o ngā kura tuarua.

Tuatoru. Rēhita, kia mārama mahi tohutohu, me te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua 'ngā ākonga i roto i raro i te pūnaha nama. A, no te ki te tari mātauranga waihanga he tēpu fariiraa, te wahi e whakawhitia maha ngā mahi whakahaere kura ki tenei tari. whakarato Mua:

- wātea o ngā mōhiohio i runga i nga raraunga whaiaro, me te mātauranga o ngā ākonga;

- te hōtaka mō ngā ūnga katoa;

- whakangungu wāhanga, me te whakarite i te tukanga o te rēhita ākonga i runga i ngā kaupapa e whakaarohia ana;

- pūkete o ngā ākonga o ngā utu akoranga;

- mana o te haereraa i mua mātauranga o ngā ākonga;

- te whakarite mo te tuku o ngā ākonga;

- te haamauraa o nekehanga me ētahi atu mōhiohio;

- mahi Daily ki ngā ākonga, me te manga;

- te whakatūnga me te tiaki o raraunga;

- faaineineraa o raraunga tatauranga, me te tātari hoki te whakamahi roto, o waho;

- te whanaketanga me te introduction o innovations mō te whakapai ake i te pūnaha;

- tohutohu o te whanaketanga.

Me mahi i te tari i te iti rawa o toru tangata - te matenga o te tari, rārangi kairuruku rāngai me te rēhita me te mātanga pātengi raraunga. Ki te he iti, ka anake kotahi kāri rēhita, a ki te he whare wānanga nui te whare wānanga - i roto i ia manga, arā mahi a Dean huri i roto i te tari rēhita.

A maha. Kounga me te tautoko ki ngā ākonga. He aha ta tatou e te tikanga - tautoko tohutohu whai hua mō ngā ākonga. hiahiatia ana te Institute te ki te whai i tētahi pūnaha whai hua o te tautoko haapa'o ki ngā ākonga, e āwhina ratou ki te whiwhi i te mōhiohio e tika ana, me te āwhina, me te āwhina ki te whakatutuki io rātou whāinga mātauranga. Kaiako me ētahi atu kaimahi te kawenga mō te whakahaere i tenei mahi i ki kia wā e ka rite ki te mahi i to ratou mau ohipa. aroaro obligatory o nga rauemi katoa e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaoti i te tautoko tohutohu ki ngā ākonga, ahakoa o mana ākonga o te akoranga.