Mātauranga teitei

Ph.D., ahorangi Dobaev KD

I runga i te whakawhitinga ki te pūnaha hou o te mātauranga i roto i Kyrgyzstan

Ki te tau mātauranga hou, arā, Mahuru 1, 2012 teitei pütahitanga mätauranga o te käwanatanga e neke ki te hanganga e rua-taumata tohanga o whakangungu - Bachelor o me (№ KR Kāwanatanga ta 496 i 23.08.2011g.) O te Kaiwhakaako. E ai ki te ture o te whare wānanga Republic me hanga hou i te pūnaha ki te hanganga e rua-taumata tohanga ki te whakamahi o te hangarau nama.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua whiwhi Kyrgyzstan etahi wheako i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka o Bachelor me nekehanga te Kaiwhakaako, me te whakangungu i runga i te hangarau nama. Na pera i roto i te mahi Republic i te whakawhitinga ki te hanganga e rua-taumata tohanga e kore e timata i te wahanga. A, ki te mahara koe he tikanga kāwanatanga i runga i August 25, 1993 № 396 "I whakaaetanga o nga ture whakahaere i nga mahi o te Kyrgyz Republic o te pūnaha mātauranga teitei" me te whakatau o Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga, me Pūtaiao o te Kyrgyz Republic i Mei 23, 1995, №3 / 1 "Ko te State Mātauranga Paerewa Kyrgyz Republic "mātauranga teitei. whakaritenga General "e whai tatou neke atu i te 17-tau o te wā faaineineraa mo te whakawhiti ki te hanganga e rua-taumata tohanga o te pūnaha o te mātauranga teitei.

Aha e whai tatou? Universities, i roto i te whānui, e rite ki te neke ki te faaineineraa o paetahi me rangatira. Ki te mea kua mua i a koutou i roto i te hapori mo te kore o te māramatanga o nga nekehanga mātauranga o Bachelor ko te Kaiwhakaako, a konei te ngā kōrero, ara te meka e BA he mātauranga kore teitei, engari inaianei kua āta tu'ino taua korero. Ko te iteraa e te bachelor - he mātauranga taketake teitei, he reira pūkenga atu e ka tohu anga hāngai anake i tetahi makehe iti rawa. He aha te wā e tai'oe ona ngā, kia ka huri i te tangata puta noa i te ora e rave rahi taime te rohe o te mahi, hanga ana e ia e tika ana ki te whai i te mātauranga teitei taketake, e taea, ka "string" ui reira tino - ko kē he mooni.

Na pera i roto i te faaineineraa o te paetahi hāngai ana ki te hanganga o ngā pūkenga noa ao. ngā hōtaka whakangungu Tātaritanga i roto i paetahi whare ke whakaatu i oti rawa te pā ana ki 2/3 o te wa ki te hanganga o noa, mātau ao. Ko te mārama tenei. e kore e taea e te kore āheinga mauhaa, pāhekoheko me te nahanaha pai kia he angitu mahi ngaio i roto i tetahi mara. I roto i te whakarite i ngā hōtaka mātauranga paetahi, me tango tatou ki pūkete tenei āhuatanga. Ko te kupu he mea e tika ana ki te tango i ki pūkete, me te ki ano tetahi atu āhuatanga, ara te faaineineraa o te aronga mātauranga bachelor me te Tohu Paetahi o te aronga ngaio-hāngai.

Ki te whakaaro ki te aronga mātauranga Bachelor, konei, nui atu iti iho ranei mārama. Me haere tonu te paetahi o nga wāhi mātauranga o arorau whakangungu i roto i te magistracy. Ko te aronga ngaio-hāngai, ranei ara pehea huaina te mea Applied tohu paetahi, i reira he kōwhiria e he ākonga he kōtaha ngā, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaoti i te mahi. e kore tenei tikanga e kore e ia e tika ana i roto i te heke mai ki te ako tohu o te ariki. I muri i te tahi mau mahi haere ai ki te paetahi te kura mo te ake i roto i-hohonu taa'e. Kehitāna tono ariā hou tohu paetahi. Ka rite ki te mea i te kairangahau tenei raruraru (Chugunov D. Yu, Vasiliev KD-Shafranov Kutsev GF.), Applied tohu paetahi - ko tenei te tohu hopea e taea hoki te uru tika ki te mākete mahi, a uaua tā whakangungu atu, ahakoa e kore e tutakina i te reira i te reira. he pai hoki te hunga e hiahia ana ki te muri tonu te fariiraa i tohu o te bachelor ki te tīmata hōtaka tohu paetahi tīpakongia.

I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, a i roto i Russia i tīmata te hōtaka paetahi tono tunu tika tata, ranei, kaua, i te pito o te rau tau rua tekau. Heoi, i reira e te tahi mau rerekētanga i roto i te faaineineraa o te tohu paetahi, tono i roto i Europe a Russia. Tuatahi o te katoa, kua pā ana ratou ki te huinga o ngā pūkenga e e te whakawhanakehia i roto i te tukanga akoranga. hōtaka Pākehā o te tohu paetahi tono, rite tohunga mōhio, i roto i te tua ki te raveraa i ngā pūkenga, whakaaro te hanganga o ngā pūkenga whakahaere, me te whakahaere. Paetahi o tohu paetahi tīpakongia - he tino mohio, e kore e taea e anake te kawe i nga tohutohu, te whai i nga tikanga, engari tango ano hoki te kaupapa ki o ratou ringa ake, ki te whakaaroa huarahi hou o whakaoti rapanga.

No nia i te tohu paetahi tīpakongia Russian, e kore te katoa arotahi ai i runga i te ōhanga tūturu, e kore e whai te hononga ki te ōhanga tūturu, i te mea e wātea ana i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Na te ihirangi o te mātauranga , ko te atu hinaaro ki academicism, pai atu i ki te mākete ngā mahi. Na me whakarite Applied Baccalaureate whakangungu mahi-hāngai ngaio. kia Teuteu tono tu'ite i roto i te mahi tahi tata ki kaitukumahi, me o ratou whai wāhitanga tika i roto i te tukanga akoranga. Anake i roto i tenei take, ko te reira taea ki te whakangungu tohunga e hiahiatia ana mo te mākete mahi.

ti'aturi nei tatou e no te whakangungu Kyrgyzstan i Paetahi tīpakongia kia kitea whānuitia ngā.

Ki te whakaaro ki te whakawhitinga ki te pūnaha nama o whakangungu, mo te nuinga o ngā whare wānanga i roto i te Kyrgyzstan te āhuatanga hou? e kore e New i roto i te tikanga e kore ratou e mohio ki ta te nama, me te hangarau nama. No. New i roto i ngā o te whakatinanatanga mahi. I roto i te whenua, i reira e teitei pütahitanga mätauranga e whakamahi hangarau nama. E tatou i roto i te ngakau matua te University o Central Asia American.

O te akoranga, he kau i roto i te haere ki te pūnaha nama, e kore e taea. E ti'a ia tatou atu tautururaa. E kore e kore te mea ano katoa tino mōhio o ka matau nga mea katoa e pā ana ki te pūnaha nama. Ko reira te mea he tetahi māramatanga o te nuinga o ngā kaimahi i roto i te mātauranga teitei. Ko te mea matua ki te homai i te arata'iraa tika. Na inaianei e pā ana ki te ariā o te nama.

Credit - he wae o te mehua mahi ngā ākonga i roto i ngā o te wa e hiahiatia ana ki te whakatutuki i etahi putanga akoranga. Credit - he wae o inenga o te "taimaha" o te akoranga te hōtaka (maha o te akomanga me te neauditornyh haora, me ētahi atu) i roto i te anga o te tohu e tika ana ranei.

Credit - ine (tau) ngā, te rōrahi o te matauranga riro, tango ki pūkete te hua tutuki i roto i te akoranga o te whakangungu, me te whakatinanatanga. Ka taea e te nama kia whakawhiwhia ki te ākonga hei tohu o te āhukahuka i hanga kia rite ki te hua o te āheinga i runga i te aromatawai o ngā putanga akoranga ako.

Mai arotahi te nuinga tatou i runga i nga rauemi o te tukanga Bologna, ara, te whakawhitinga me te haaputuputuraa o whiwhinga te pūnaha Pākehā (whakaaro tūturu e), me piro te ākonga i roto i te whakangungu he iti o 180 ki te 240 že ki te whiwhi tohu o te bachelor. Ko te wā iti o te ako mō te 3-4 tau. A, no te mea tatou, a pehea maha haora i roto i te taurewa, na matou i roto i te Republic reira he kahore whakaaro. Ētahi whare wänanga Russian i muri whakatau 36 haora, tetahi 30 haora. whakaaro tatou e kore te reira na faufaa. Ahakoa te WHAKARANGI hukihuki - Tuning Structures Educational i Europe, hāngai kotahi nama ki 25-30 haora o te wā ako. Mahalo ko tenei he aha i roto i te Resolution o te Kawanatanga o te Hōngongoi 4, 2012 № 472 kotahi nama (whiwhinga) whakaritea 30 haora. I te wa ano, me mārama matau tatou whanganga e i roto i te whiwhinga ko te nui anake o te kawenga whakangungu, engari e kore e mahi ngā ākonga, hei tirotiro ranei te taumata o whīwhiwhi o te rauemi. E hoatu taurewa ki te ākonga anake, ki te pai oti ia te ngā kōwae, akoranga, te ako, te whakangungu, ka riro he aro mātai pai. Loans te whakawāteatanga riro e ngā ākonga ranei he uara whanaunga, e whakaata te nui o te mahi e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaoti i te tau mātauranga tonu. Me fakamamafa'i te reira e kore e taurangi motuhake nga loans, engari i nga wa katoa whakaahua oti hei wāhanga o te marautanga mahi. Korero o te pūnaha whakaeminga nama, te tikanga o matou he pūnaha i roto i nei e whiwhi whiwhinga i roto i te tukanga o te hōtaka whakangungu arorau hanga. I roto i tenei tikanga, he nama ko te wae e whakaata he nui etahi o te mahi whakamana i pai i runga i te ara ki te whiwhi etahi tohu mātauranga.

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te mātau, me te huarahi mātau i roto i te mātauranga. Tenei raruraru hoki Kyrgyzstan ko te āhuatanga hou, i matara atu i matau katoa. Ko te tikanga he hou hoki tatou e kore anake, engari ano hoki mo te pūnaha mātauranga Pākehā i tēnei raruraru.

ahu huarahi mātau i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te 70-doma o rau XX i roto i te hononga ki te hiahia ki te kitea te otinga ki te āhuatanga e whai ake nei: te diplomats, e e rite mō rongoā i roto i nga whenua whakawhanake, te whāinga rautaki o te hanga i te whakapakoko pai o te US, e matau pai o a tino whai i te pūkenga takawaenga, e kore katoa i taea ki te whakarite i tenei misioni matou. kitea tātaritanga tupato e i roto i te noa'tu o whakangungu kaupapa ngaio, he tino rerekē i ia atu pūkenga, e kore e nei te kaupapa o te whakatinanatanga ratou, engari e faufaa i roto i te mahi tūturu. Hoki enei pūkenga patua ana mātau wā motuhake, no te mea kahore ratou e pā ana ki tetahi mea katoa o te matauranga ranei ki nga hātepe motuhake o tetahi mahi, e kore ki tetahi wāhi ngā kaupapa. familiarization Simple ki te hītori o te take whakaatu e mātau he āhuatanga tūturu o te mahi pāpori - i roto i te rerekē ki te mahi o te tumu parau, e kia whakaahuatia i roto i ngā o te matauranga, ngā pūkenga, me ngā āheinga [2, p nei kua whakaahuatia e whakaahuatia a tonu. 48].

He aha te mea he matatau? Reira - rārangi motuhake, me te mārama o te aha e mohio te ākonga, mahino ka e taea ki te tono i muri i te otinga o te tukanga akoranga - putanga whakahuatia i roto i te huinga o ngā pūkenga akoranga. Ka taea te hanga e Ngā e rua i roto i te pā ana ki ngā hōtaka mātauranga (kōwae wae akoranga ranei). i hanga raupapa a āta mātau. Ko te kupu, e taea te whakaratohia te hanganga o competences motuhake i roto i te maha o ngā akoranga kōwae ranei i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te hōtaka. I roto i te wā hoahoa o te hōtaka te whakatau i runga i te aha e te kōwae hōtaka kia whakahaua ki te hanganga o etahi āheinga motuhake. I te wa ano, ka whiwhi etahi o te ākonga ngā pūkenga i roto i te aratau "puku" puta noa i te hōtaka katoa, engari kia kia hoatu te whakaahuatanga o te hua anake aua tohungatanga, te paetae o e ka kia ngohengohe ki te aro mātai. I te wa ano e ti'a ia tatou mahara e kore ko te hōtaka whakangungu te huinga tika o ngā akoranga whiriwhiri matapōkeretia me matatini tūhonohono mō te whanaketanga i titau i te huarahi katoa. arotahi te marautanga ki runga i te ākonga me te putanga ako, wae katoa i roto i te kotahi ara ranei e pā ana tetahi ki tetahi ki tetahi. E pā ana tēnei ture ki te waeine me ngā kōwae e hanga ake te matua o te hōtaka e kore anake, engari ano ki akoranga tuarua, me te fili. Ko te hua tutuki i roto i te ako o te kōwae kotahi kōwae ranei whai wāhi ki te hua whānui, me te hanganga o te rōrahi e hiahiatia ana o pūkenga i roto i te hononga tata ki te hua, ki te kia tutuki i roto i te ako o te tahi atu wae o te hōtaka.

Ko te pātai i muri e whai tatou ki te kitea i roto i hoki koe - te whakahaere o te tukanga mātauranga i runga i te pūtake o ngā hōtaka mātauranga modular. I roto i te hanganga o ngā pūkenga e tano pai hōtaka modular. Ko ratou ake mārama, te whakahaere whakawhiti ākonga i tetahi institution ki tetahi, me te aronga o nga hua i tetahi whare wānanga, ka taea hoki ki a koutou tuwha optimally te mahi i runga i te wāhanga ngā o te hōtaka. Ano, ka taea te pūnaha modular ki te karo i huri nui, me te, i konei, he nui te taikaha o ngā whakamātautau. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te pūnaha modular ko e heke reira te haere noa whakaako, whāiti te nui o haora whakapā i roto i te kōwae. A, no te faarahi te pūnaha modular ngäwari, mai riro te reira taea ki te hanga marautanga rerekē me ngā hōtaka, me te mata o te whakapā. I roto i te pūnaha kore-modular (arā, pērā i tatou, te wahi ngā kaiako he kotahi ako mātauranga) ko te pai rawa matua o rauemi, i te pūnaha modular he aro i runga i te hanganga o te marautanga rite te katoa.

taparu tenei te pātai, a he aha te tikanga o tatou e te kōwae? Ko te kōwae He wae motuhake ki te faatura ki te hōtaka mātauranga e hāngai ana i te hanga i te matatau ngaio motuhake competences rōpū ranei. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te kōwae - ko te wae oti o te hōtaka mātauranga, hanga tetahi ranei ake tauwhāiti āheinga ngaio, tahi e te mana o te mōhiotanga me te pūkenga o ngä äkonga i te putanga. Na reira, he hōtaka mātauranga modular - he huinga me te raupapa o ngā kōwae e hāngai ana ki te hinganga o pükenga motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tohu mātauranga.

I te wa ano i tatou ki te mōhio e kore e Europe-whānui o te kōwae wā mahara te tīari. Ētahi kite te kōwae rite te wa-iti, katia runga te ihirangi ki hei poraka whakaako ako. tautuhi ana te atu kōwae kei te rite te pūhui o poraka whakangungu, ruruku ki ia atu i roto i te te ihirangi. Kei te riro te reira e taea te ngā i te kōwae i roto i te raupapa i roto i te te ihirangi rua i roto i te ako kotahi rave rahi marau ranei.

I roto i te kōwae poto - he āhuatanga o te hōtaka mātauranga, iti nei te i roto i te wa, i te ihirangi kati ki hua motuhake ki te kia tutuki, ka whakaatu ki ngā ākonga.

A, no te ako ngā ākonga kōwae mō kia whakatupato ia o ratou he nui etahi o whiwhinga (whiwhinga) mahi rite te mehua o te whīwhiwhi o te ako me te faaite i te huinga o te tukanga mātauranga e hāngai ana katoa. A, no te tātai i te whiwhinga mō te kōwae i roto i te matatini kiia: kawenga akomanga, mahi motuhake o ngā ākonga, te tuhi i te mahi e āhei whakamutunga, me ētahi atu Tikanga, te kōwae whakarato 6-15 loans.

I roto i te whanaketanga o te kōwae e taea te arata'ihia e te kaupapa e whai ake:

1. Te whakatau i te whakaaro o te kōwae.
2. kōwae Information - te rauemi ariā, whakangungu hanganga i runga i te āhuatanga i roto i te puka o buka, pukamahi, manuals whakatakoto ana ki tono i roto i te synopses tautoko, ngā hōtaka rorohiko mātauranga.
3. Te whakawhanake mahi aromatawai (ki te ine i paetae).
4. Tautuhia te paearu paepae o te aro mātai (te whakamahi i ngā paearu kaute mō ki te aromatawai i ngā ākonga).
5. Te whakawhanake whakaako me te rautaki ako (ki te whakahaere i ngā ākonga ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua, me ngā paearu hanganga ture).
6. Tuhia ngā putanga ako (i runga i whakamāramatanga taumata).
7. Te whakawhanake me te kōwae whakahou (e hāngai ana i runga i te wheako me te urupare).

Ko te pūnaha whakangungu modular taea koutou ki:

- te tuitui o ngā momo rerekē me ngā puka o te mātauranga;

- te whakahaere nui-poraka o te rauemi mātauranga, tahi ki te tūtohutanga, me ngā mahi o tona ako;

- te painga o te ako motuhake i ngā ākonga o te rauemi mātauranga;

- te whakahaere whakaako i roto i te hōtaka (raupapa o ngā mahi, me ngā wāhanga o te ako) me te hātepe o te mahi hinengaro;

- maia pūnaha kaiako raupapa;

- Fili o te taumata o aravihi i ngā ākonga, te puka, wahi me te tere o te rauemi ako;

- hanga o ngā āhuatanga mō te angitu mahi hinengaro i roto i te tukanga akoranga;

- ki te kaha te mahi rite ki ngā tikanga ako takitahi o rauemi whakaako, ona ara ake o te ako;

- nui aroturuki whakahaere me te aro mātai o te hua o te mana whakamutunga.

Ko te hanganga o te tukanga mātauranga i runga i te mau parau tumu o ngā modularity:

- ki te hukihuki ako whitinga hohonu o te ihirangi o ngā hōtaka mātauranga i roto i te tikanga karo whatiwhatinga o pekanga mātauranga inaki.

- faaotiraa o te rārangi o ngā kōwae whakangungu ngā i roto i te Plo.

- te whakatūnga o taea trajectories mātauranga i roto i tetahi o te Plo (kaupapa proflizatsy, whäiti, ngā hōtaka a ariki, kaupapa fili me atu hōtaka mātauranga).

- te whanaketanga o te whakatinanatanga pūnaha o kōwae whakangungu, e ka rapua e kaha manga nui, me te whakahou kounga o logistics, ngā mōhiohio, me te whare pukapuka, me te whakaputa, me te tā turanga o te whare wānanga.

- whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere me te whakahaere i roto i te mau parau tumu hou o haepapa hanganga hou o te tukanga mātauranga me etahi atu [3, api 12-13] ..

Na roto i te rārangi Bologna roto tauine haapa'o whakatauranga i whakawhanakehia ki whitu ngā o tohutoro, whakaritea e te pukapuka A, B, C, D, E, FX, F [4]. hāngai haapa'o tauine māka kei i runga i te paetukutuku te o te ākonga i roto i te tahi mau i whakarite, e whakaatu ana te whānuitanga o tona whanaunga mahi ki ētahi atu ākonga. Tauine o haapa'o whakarōpū ngā ākonga i roto i te rōpū tuatahi e rua - taumata me underachievers. E wehea ākonga angitu ki rima subgroups: te pai 10% o te urupare fakafekau'aki ki te tauine denoted e te pukapuka te wāhi, e whai ake nei 25% i roto i te pukapuka, he anō 30% i te pukapuka C i muri 25% tohu D me te ākonga angitu whakamutunga whakahoki te pukapuka E.

E wehea ngā ākonga te eke ki ki e rua subgroups: FX (Rahu - ki te whiwhi nama atu mahi e hiahiatia ana), me te F (Rahu - e hiahiatia ana he nui nui o te mahi atu i runga i te rauemi mātauranga arotakea).

ka rapua e te putanga akoranga ākonga taua tauine pūnaha modernizing aromatawai me te piro pūkete o te faanahoraa me te akoranga o anō te pūnaha katoa o te tukanga mātauranga.

A i tetahi ira hiahia matou ki te mutu - tenei tuhi ake rauemi tohutoro mo te aromatawai o ngā putanga akoranga. I roto i te whānui, e tapaea ana nga mahi pūtaiao, me te raupapa i oti rawa ki te aro mātai o ngā putanga akoranga ki piri ki te raupapa e whai ake nei, no te tuhi, me te whanaketanga o ngā hua aro mātai. Tuatahi, whakaaro e pā ana ki te aha e kia aromatawaitia te putanga. Tuarua, kitea te huinga o ngā mahi aro mātai. A toru, tautuhi whakaritenga, taunakitanga, te aromātai o te angitu nga āhuatanga e tika ana ranei. A maha, kia tino e taea e te paearu tika me te whai hua whanganga ranei tata e he mārama ana, unambiguous ratou.

I roto i te whānui, Kyrgyzstan, e kore taipitopito peita angamaheni ngā putanga te ako whakawhanakehia .Chetko kihai i paearu aro mātai. A pera nūpepa haaputuhia whakatau tata o ngā rauemi, tetahi o nga wae matua o te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mātauranga.

Tohutoro:

1. State paerewa mātauranga o te mātauranga teitei o te Kyrgyz Republic. - Volume 1 - Bishkek, 1996. - 138 p.
2. Shafranov-Kutsev GF Ao hou, o Russian ngaio mātauranga: raruraru me opuaraa. - pepa. - Tyumen. - 2011. - 296 p.
3. huarahi Scientific ki te hanga o ngā hōtaka mātauranga me te ngaio i runga i te kaupapa modular i te mara o te mātauranga toi. - M - s. 12-14
4. Ko te Tukanga Bologna: Midway / raro pūtaiao. Ētita e VI Baydenko. Moscow, 2005.
5. Bohr AV Rozov NH te mau parau tumu e pā ana-Mahi i roto i te ako me te arorau whakaako. - M:. Max Press, 2010. - p. 48.