Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te arā raro i roto i Moscow, te wahi e whakaritea ai ki te hanga teihana hou

Construction o te lēlué i Moscow whakaritea i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19. I roto i te 1875, haehae ia te whakaaro o whakapanga he aho i te teihana tereina Kursk roto Pushkin Square me te Lubyanka tae noa Aherimi Marina. Heoi, e kore kua i tīmata hanga i roto i aua tau. E ai ki te putanga e pā ana, i whakarerea e tika ana ki tōtōā te.

A, no te whawhati i roto i te whenua i reira ko te revolution me pakanga kaiākiri, e kore te noa mahara tenei whakaaro. Ki tenei pātai hoki i roto i 1923 kua te kāwanatanga hou o te kāwanatanga taitama - te USSR.

Ki te rā, te Moscow Metro ko tetahi o te ataahua tino me haumaru i roto i te ao. I te wa ano, e mohio ana torutoru iwi pehea i ara uaua ki te haere ki te kaihanga mā te waihanga i tētahi raina raro ki te tīmata i te tereina tuatahi.

whakatau Historic

I roto i nga ra raumati o Akuhata 1923 te hui o te presidium o te Kaunihera City Moscow, i tangohia te whakatau i runga i te hë o te mau a'oraa ki kamupene ke i runga i te hanga o te Moscow Metro. kauwhautia te whakatau i te taha o te Tiamana o te Presidium o L. B. Kamenevym. Ko te kupu, ko te whakaaro, i haukotia e te revolution me te whawhai, kua whakawhanakehia ake.

He marama i muri i tenei hui hītori o te whakatau o te Kaunihera City Moscow tīmata te kōwae motuhake i te Tari o rerewē tāone o te whakapaipai, i huaina "Metropolitan". I taua wa ko reira te kaipūkaha kaimahi anake KS Myshenkov. ngā ana kawenga kohikohi mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā kaupapa i mua i te whawhai-ngā.

A amo ana i roto i te mahi tuatahi

I roto i te 1924, i tae mai Europe e te tira o te Kaunihera City Moscow. Ko tōna whāinga matua ko te ki te kukume hoa ke mo te hoahoa o te raro Soviet tuatahi. Heoi, i taka nga mau a'oraa. kihai i rangatira Foreign i taea ki te tiki pareparenga loans.

Anake i roto i te 1928, rave te Kaunihera City Moscou i ngā whiriwhiringa i runga i te whakatūnga o te kamupene tahi-take, i ko ki te hanga i te Metropolitan arararo. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te whakaaro o te hanga i te arā raro haukotia maha tautohetohe e pā ana ki te noho tuwhera tonu ōhanga o te kaupapa. Heoi, e kore ratou i muri roa. I roto i 1930 whakaritea te pou o te hekeretari tuatahi o te komiti rōpū Moscow i L. hoa tata o Stalin, Kaganovich. Ko ia te tangata e whakangaueuetia te mahi atu te whenua. tuwhera No whakamiharo i roto i 1935 Moscow Metro ingoa i muri ia ia.

Ko te otinga o te raruraru waka

Ki te i roto i nga ra wawe o te kuao mana kāwanatanga Soviet atu atu tumanako hoki wakatono, me Ruxmaniben, rite te tupu o te whakapaipai ki te neke a tawhio noa te pa, ka noho piki uaua. Ka rite ki te hua, 6/1/1931, puta nga jams waka i roto i Moscow. Movement puta noa te pa katia te tāmi waka nui. Tenei ue'i te kaiārahi rōpū o te whakapaipai mo te hanga akiaki o te arā raro.

Metrostroy - I roto i August 1931, i hanga te whakahaere hou. i hoatu ia i te tika matua ki te whiwhi rauemi rauemi me ngā taputapu. whakaritea rangatira Metrostroi tereina kaipūkaha P. P. Roterta. I te wa ano hoki kua hanga i te āhua he whakahaere hou, e ngā tikanga me Engineers kaimahi. he tohunga ke i Germany, Austria, Amerika me France enei. arataki i ia hanga hou tika LM Kaganovich.

take hoahoa

Hoki te rohe tuatahi pairati o te transportation whiriwhiri wāhanga hou, tīmata ki waharoa Rusakova, d. 13. Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te arā raro i roto i tenei rohe? Gasket kawea ara Parisian, e ko, te kimi i te kauhanga i te hohonu pāpaku. I roto i tenei kikorangi raro whakapakaritia ki te kohatu whakapai. I te timatanga o nga Engineers hanganga kihai i whakamahi i te tikanga Berlin i ai i te reira te tuatahi ki te keri i te rua. I roto i te pokapū o te tāone, te wahi i reira ko whare mātotoru ka kawea waka taimaha, ko reira Kāore.

Ki te i whakatau te take ngāwari, te tautohetohe kukū roa huri noa te take o te mea e kia raro. He aha te mea ki te hanga i tētahi hononga waka hou ki tüäpapa motu, ki te taha ranei? Ko te whakaritenga tuatahi, tangohia i roto i London ko Paris, i ki kia atu āta whakaaro hoahoa hoahoanga. Ko taua tüäpapa ko te watea tino mo te pāhihi. tūnga lateral, whāngai i roto i Berlin, ko reira iti me te māmā i roto i te hanga.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te arā raro i roto i te mutunga? Kua hoatu Engineers Soviet mua te whakaaro o te hanga teihana trehsvodchatyh he rua kauhanga tatahi,. Hoki ia aronga Kua tüäpapa taha whakaratohia konei.

hoahoa Hangarau o te rārangi arā raro tuatahi ngā neke atu i te kotahi mano taipitopito ngā whakamārama me tānga. I muri tona whakamātautau taipitopito whakapumautia te Komiti Moscow o te Pāti, te 08/13/1933

tikanga tino

Te hanga i te whakatau e pā ana ki te hanga o te arā raro Moscow, kihai i nga mana amo e ka whai nga kaihanga ki te hinga maha fifi. Ko te meka i tino kino nga tikanga mo te hanganga o huna. Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te arā raro i roto i Moscow? Ngohi te huna i te reira kua whakaritea mo te teihana whiti te rārangi Olkhovka, Neglinka, Rybinki me rota o te tahi atu awa iti. a Metrostroevtsy whakaohooho okiokinga ratou, hua i roto i huna ringihia ki Hatihi ko te ranunga o te onepu, te uku me te wai. huna ratou nga mahi raro, me horoi atu i te turanga e tu whare tata.

Ko te roa o te wā tuatahi, te whakawhānui i "Sokolniki" ki "Komsomolskaya", me te i te "Bibliothèque. Lenin "ki te" Park o Culture "metrostroevtsy whakaturia ara tuwhera. I roto i tenei take, i mua i te mahi i ratou ki te hūnuku i te raraunga tīariari i runga i nga wāhi o te kōrero, ki te kawe rārangi Wilkes i me te tāuta tautoko motuhake e tu tata ana te whare. takoto te matatini i roto i te meka i rāhuitia te Kaunihera City Moscow mono te whare, kei roto i te rohe hanga o te supply hiko, kapuni, me te wai. Kahore he kahore taumira me ki te mutu nekehanga i runga i ara te pa.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga i te arā raro i roto i taua tikanga? I roto i te tikanga ki te qualitatively me i roto i te wa ki te whakaoti i te hōkai āta whakamaheretia katoa o te mahi, i ahau ki te haere ki ngā tinihanga. Na, ki te mahi ki Hatihi mostostroevtsy whenua whakamahia hangarau mīti. Ki tenei i tika ki te wiri poka takitahi hoki i ha'uti konupūmā matao otinga pūhaumāota. Tenei hua i roto i te hanganga o te ipurau tio i āta tupu me, tūhonohono, i whai ahua ai te taiepa parewai. Ahua muri, kua tenei hangarau i whakamahia mo te hanga o skyscrapers a Stalin.

raruraru kaimahi

tikanga Extreme, e whai ana ki te whakahaere hanga, tono kimi o ngā kaimahi tino tohu. Heoi, ko te hanganga taketake o tikanga me Engineers i te aroaro mua me kaikeri. he iwi e kore i uru i mua i roto i te hanga o te lēlué enei. I tua atu, 80% o kaimahi heke ki te toku mo te wa tuatahi i roto i toku ora.

Nā ki te kore o ngā kaimahi hanganga i roto i te metrostroevtsev rarangi i te rota o kaimahi me ngā kaimahi. ka mau matou i te tokotoko me te kaimahi whānui i te wheketere, me otaota. ka haere mai enei iwi katoa ki a Moscow i katoa i runga i te whenua, ako he tikanga hou mo a ratou kua i roto i te wahi. hūmeka mua, tailors me tunu taro he hui, whakarongo whakaritea kauwhau, ka riro kaimahi mīhini me te raima.

kōkuhutanga

Ko te tereina whakamātautau tuatahi i runga i nga huapae o te Moscow Metro 05/02/1935 GA i runga i Mei 15, te whakatuwheratanga o te arā raro Moscow. I roto i aua tau, ko reira he wahi o 11.2 km, i toru teihana. Tuhinga okeoke kararehe Metro o ma rua tito e rua-wahi. Ko te 48 "A" waka momo.

Tuatahi o te katoa - ko te ara i "Sokolniki" ki "Park kultury" teihana, e kua he manga i roto i te "Smolensk". I mua i te pakanga ki a Nasí Germany whakahaere ki te whakatuwhera e rua atu ngā rārangi - Arbat me Zamoskvoretskaya.

Moscow arā raro i tenei ra

Hia mita e hanga? tonu mahi te wa katoa o tona oraraa. Ano, teihana hou pupuri i te whakaaro o te whare taonga perception roto. Ko Ko te aha te arā raro Moscow ko te ataahua tino i roto i te ao.

He aha te hanga raro noa nei? faataa tenei e te meka e te faaruru i te whakapaipai raruraru waka nui i roto i tona wahi whenua. Ko tenei te nuinga faateitei te tūranga o te arā raro, i te mea he kōwhiringa win-win, ara i roto i nga haora te wiwi a'ei.

Whakatinanatanga o te mahi hanga

Kei te hanga i kamupene te raro i tenei ra? kawea te hanga o teihana raro o nga kaimahi hanga Moscow Metro i roto i, i te mea te whakahaere whai whakapumautia mo tenei whakaaro i roto i te 1931. Ko te hanganga kamupene kau whakahaere e rua tekau-hanga, kotahi tekau ma rima o e whai kōtaha ā.

Ko wai hanga te arā raro i roto i Moscow i teie mahana? I roto i te rerekē ki te thirties o te rau tau whakamutunga, tito e ngaio tohu i roto i te whakahaere kāwanatanga. Ko 8.5 mano iwi whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o huna, tāutanga o teihanaroto me ngā rārangi taura, ara whakapanga a oti mahi tenei.

Ngohe mo te whanaketanga o Moscow arā raro

i tangohia Kāwanatanga o Moscow he hōtaka motuhake mō te whanaketanga o te Moscow Metro. hipokina te reira i te wā i 2012 ki te 2020. A mo enei kaupapa nui-tauine whakaritea ki te kia tohaina 1.24 trillion moni i te pūtea pa. Ētahi whai wāhitanga i roto i teie mau ohipa e pūtea tūmataiti. tohatoha ratou 42 miriona moni.

Hea ki te hanga i te arā raro i roto i Moscow i teie mahana? E ai ki ngā mahere mō te 2016, he tīmata i runga i te hanga o te aho Kalinin-Solntsevo mahi. Tenei wāhanga te tonga-hauauru o te lēlué, i te mea te whaihua te nuinga i roto i te whanaketanga pūnaha arā raro Moscow.

Aha te teihana arā raro hanga i runga i tenei raina? Ko te "Minsk" me "Lomonosov Prospect", "Ramenok" me "tohu ai Michurinsk" me "Solntsevo", "Govorovo" me "Ochakovo" tenei. ka tangohia ēnei teihana painga o te tangata e noho ana i roto i te rohe o Ramenskoye. Kei hea te whakaritea reira ki te hanga i te arā raro i runga i? Kalinin-Solntsevo raina totoro ki Novomoskovskaya Rasskazovka, Peredelkino ko Solntseva.

I roto i te mahi whakaritea mo te 2016, i reira he ano he whakataki ki te mahi o nga teihana e rima kei roto i te toru o nga ara iahiko whakawhitiwhitinga. ka hono te reira i te wahi takitahi o te whakapaipai ki te whatunga kotahi. E teihana lēlué e hanga i roto i te anga o enei mahi? Tenei "Khodynka" me "Lower Maslivka", "Pita Park", "Shepeliha" me "Khoroshevskaya". Te whakaaetanga o enei teihana ki te mahi ka tukua e pā ana ki te hauwhā ki te ruke i te wahi pokapū o Moscow arā raro.

Hea ki te hanga i te lēlué ano? E ai ki nga mahere metrostroevtsev riro toronga o te aho i Lublin-Dmitrov. ka waiho te reira i roa atu e rima kiromita, e ka whakatuwhera i runga taua mea teihana hou e toru - "Upper Likhobory", "porowhita" me "Seliger". I roto i ia o enei putanga e rua whakaratohia te. He "porohita" ō me ngā whakawhitinga ki ētahi atu teihana.

Papau, te wahi e hanga arā raro, te āhuatanga ki te waka tūmatanui te noatia ake. Hohoro te tiki ki to koutou ūnga i roto i te wa poto, ka e taea ki noho o ngā wāhi tāone rite Hovrino ko Bank Mauī. Kua pai ake te āhuatanga te whakaaetanga "Hovrino" teihana.

I tua atu ki te hanga hou tīmata me hanga nui. Ko te kupu, ko te tāutanga whakaritea o te ara maiangi hou ki te teihana "Frunzenskaya" i roto i te 2016. he tika ki te kaha iti o te taputapu tīariari tenei.

"Vykhino" lēlué

Ko te teihana - tetahi o te matamua i roto i te pane. Ka rite ki te wāhanga nui o Violette Metro Raina, e te reira pāhihi i 1966. I roto i te rerekē ki te nuinga o ngā teihana "Vykhino" he aboveground. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga tūemi tuatahi o Moscow arā raro tenei momo.

Station "Vykhino" (i mua "Zhdanov") - he wahi rawa popoke. I haora tihi, he maha ngā pāhihi kore e taea e noa te tomo i te motokā whakatata te pūhara. Ko Ko te aha faaoti te kaiārahi o te raro ki te tīmata i runga i nui haere i tenei peka tito. Heoi, e kore tenei i whakatika i te raruraru. Ki te rā, te teihana ko te takawaenga. hono te reira i te wāhi takitahi o Moscow me tona pokapū. Ko reira i roto i te "Vykhino" iwi o nga complexes noho hou, he tīmata i runga i te waho o te tere whakatere hanga, te tiki ki to ratou ūnga. I roto i te ra, e te teihana iwi e pā ana ki mano e rima rau. Tini o te ara he record! Tenei āhuatanga uta Imprint i runga i te ora o te rohe katoa e tata ana. Ahakoa te meka e te pahi me te tōneke ara e tuwhera, kua taunga ki te whakamahi i te waka raro, i te mea rawa raruraru te iwi.

Ko Ko te aha e mea rongonui i roto i te iwi ki utu te kāwanatanga o Moscow tokanga makehe. Kua whakaritea e te rangatira o te pa ki te pīkau i kei huri noa te rohe teihana. I teie mahana, ka ui maha noho o te rohe, me ngā manuhiri te pātai e whai ake nei: he aha te hanga i runga i te "Vykhino" e pā ana ki te arā raro? ka waiho te reira i te kōpuku whakawhitiwhiti motuhake, i te mea he hanganga āhua nui. I raro i tetahi tuanui, e ngā reira nga huarahi ki ngā rārangi wātea katoa o kōrero. I tua atu, hei wāhanga o te matatini, e ka hipokina te rohe o neke atu i te rua tekau heketea, ka hei te turanga e kore e anake taunga, engari ano hoki i te momo o ngā toa, me te mākete. whakapono whakapaipai ā e kore e whakahaere noa i te pokapū taua te āhuatanga waka i roto i te rohe, engari ka hanga ano tikanga ora pai mo te taupori.