Me pēhea te ki te whakatuwhera i te tauranga ki Linux me he tuwhera kē te haki?

Tauranga i roto i tetahi pūnaha e kei roto i te raupapatanga whatunga, ki te mahi rite te elmentov. E mohio ana e te mea tuwhera kuiti ranei tetahi, te tono i tetahi kōpuku taea tukua atu he karere ki te tono taua i runga i tetahi atu. He aha a pehea e taea ottkryt tauranga ki Linux, ka korero i tenei tuhinga.

He bit o ariā

Port whakahuatia e te tau mai i te 0 ki te 65535. He tokomaha ngā uara e rēhita mō ngā take e pā ana, e taea te whakamahi noa etahi. whakatau Port te ahua o te wāhitau whakamahine. Hei tauira, whakarewahia he rauemi kei te i te tūmau tukutuku.

Hei mohio rite te wahi ki te tahuri, te rorohiko tono ngā mōhiohio i reira, kia mohio i te iti rawa i te IP. Otiia ki te He maha ngā ratonga rerekē te rauemi, me pehea ki te matau rite te wahi ki te tuku i te tono? Here me te tauranga whai hua. E mohio ana tona tau, he rorohiko, te whakamahi i te IP-wāhitau, me te tauranga tika e taea tukua atu he tono ki te tūmau.

fifi i roto i

Nā ki te meka e kore e tokomaha o nga hōtaka e e te whakamahi i te tauranga e pai i roto i ngā o te haumaru tonu, ka taea e te tauranga tuwhera he wāhi pea whakaraerae mō te kătahi me te whakaurunga. Na reira, e ti'a ia tatou te aroturuki i te whakamahi o ngā tauranga i roto i te pūnaha ranei i roto i tetahi ara ki te aroturuki ratou hokohoko.

He rārangi o nga tauranga tino rongonui o uara

Ko te whānui o ngā tau mai i te 0 ki te 1023 he hoki te whakamahi i ngā hōtaka pūnaha me tono:

• 21 - whakamahia FTP whakawhiti raraunga kawa;
• 22 - haumaru SSH ratonga anga;
• 23 - Telnet;
• 25 - kawa mō te te tuku karere ī-mēra;
• 80 - HTTP waka tuku. tūmau Tukutuku whakamahia;
• 110 - POP3 (Kawa Office Post ko tetahi).

Kei te waiho e ka whakamahia e te pūnaha ēnei uara. E rave rahi o te toe tauranga taea te whakamahi i to ratou ngarahu pai.

Me pēhea te ki te tirohia tauranga tuwhera i runga i Linux

Ki te mahi i tenei, i reira he taputapu hanga-i roto i. whakaatu ratou i ngā tauranga e tuwhera i runga i Linux. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - netstat.

Tauira o te whakamahi: sudo netstat -ntulp

Muri hoki i te kapa ano ko te huinga o taviri atu tawhā:

• -l. Te auraa ra, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaatu anake te hunga tauranga e e te patapata i tēnei wā;
• -p. ētahi atu pārongo āmiki e pā ana ki te whakaata o te tono e whakamahi te tauranga. I roto i ngā, ka whakaatu ai i te ingoa me te ID tukanga;
• -t. Tāpiri ki te rārangi o ngā tauranga TCP;
• -u. Te taua, anake ki te UDP;
• -n. Te auraa ra, e e whakaaturia te wāhitau IP rite tau.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatuwhera i te tauranga ki Linux

kia hiahiatia ai tenei tukanga i roto i te whanaketanga o te taupānga tukutuku e fetu'utaki ki he tūmau waho. I mua i whakatuwhera koe i te tauranga, me tuatahi tirohia koutou ranei he reira kua tuwhera. Te reira e tauturu i te tukanga aroaro i runga ake.

Hei whakatuwhera te whakamahi i te taputapu iptables. Hei taki ki he reira e wātea ana i te katoa i roto i te pūnaha, e hiahia ana koe ki te tomo i te whakahau e whai ake nei i roto i te papatohu: iptables --list

Ka rite ki te hua, kua whakaaturia te putanga, e mea ana e mahi i te whaipainga me he reira i roto i te pūnaha. Na to tatou ki te whakatuwhera i te tauranga ki Linux. Ki te mahi i tenei, te whakamahi i te whakahau:

iptables -Ko ha tāuru -p TCP -m TCP --dport 53 -j whakaae

He kī konei ko e hiahia ana koe ki te tāpiri i tētahi tikanga hou ki te mekameka ngā. E whakaatu ana tāuru e ka kia whakaurua he tauranga tuwhera. Ko te -p ta e tohu atu te momo o te kawa, i roto i tenei TCP take. Dport tikanga tauranga ūnga konei - Well 53. me te whakaae - tuku hononga.

I roto i te meka, te mau taviri i iptables nui atu e tuku whai wāhitanga nui hoki pai-kita, me pehea ki te whakatuwhera i te tauranga ki Linux he.