Meka Interesting i te ora o Tolstoy. Tolositoi Aleksey Nikolaevich

Graf me academician o te USSR Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy ko te kaituhi tino pūmanawa, me te pūkenga, e tuhituhi i roto i te maha momo rerekē me ngā tohutohu. I roto i tona täoro o rua kohikohinga o ngā rotarota, patupaiarehe tales maimoatanga horopaki, he maha nui o whakaari, nūpepa, me te tahi atu tuhinga. Ko runga ake katoa, ia - he kaituhi nui, me te ariki o kōrero ātahu. e kua whakawhiwhia e ia te USSR State paraihe (i roto i te 1941, 1943, me te murimatetia i roto i 1946). haurongo Literary etahi meka ngā i te ora o Tolositoi kei. Mō ratou a ka kia kōrero atu.

Tolositoi: Life ko Mahi

Hakihea 29, 1882 (10 January Tahito, 1883) i roto i Nikolaevsk (Pugachev) Saratov rohe whanau i Tolositoi Aleksey Nikolaevich. I hapu tona whaea, i mahue ia tana tahu N. A. Tolstogo ka oho ki te ora ki a Zemsky kaimahi A. A. Bostroma.

Alyosha pau tona tamarikitanga i roto i te whenua o tona pāpā i roto i te kainga o Sosnovka Samara kawanatanga. Ko te tau oaoa tino mo te tamaiti nei tupu kua tino kaha, me te arearea. Na ka oti Tolositoi te St Petersburg Institute o Technology, tītohu engari kihai i awhina (1907).

ka anga ia i 1905 ki te 1908 ki te whakaputa rotarota me te tuhi. Rongonui ki te kaituhi i haere mai i muri i ngā kōrero, me pūrākau "Zavolzhye" huringa (1909-1911 gg.), "Jackass" pūrākau (1911) me "Te kopa gentleman" (1912). Here fakamatala'i ia te raruraru paki, me te rerekē e puta ki te kaiwhakarēti rereke tona whenua kawanatanga Samara.

Ko te World tuatahi

mea meka Interesting i te ora o Tolstoy e e i roto i te Ao Tuatahi, mahi ia rite te kaituhi whawhai. Na ka ko ia rawa ngākau nui e pā ana ki te Hui-tanguru Revolution. Kaituhi i noho i roto i Moscow. I te wa o te revolution hapori, te Kāwanatanga Takitaro whakaritea Tolositoi Komihana mō te rēhita tā. Mai i 1917 ki te 1918, katoa ngā mahi auaha whakaaturia kaituhi apolitical te whārua, me te āwangawanga.

I muri i te Revolution, i 1918 ki te 1923, i haere te ora o Aleksey Tolstoy i te whakarau. I te tau 1918 ka haere ia ki Ukraine i roto i te haere tuhituhi, a i roto i 1919 i whakatahia i Odessa ki Istanbul.

hekenga

E hoki ki te kaupapa o "Tolositoi: te ora me te mahi", kia tuhia te reira e o nga tau i te rua, i ora ia i roto i Paris, ka i roto i 1921 oho ki Berlin, te wahi i timata ai ia ki te whakatū i hononga tawhito ki kaituhi e noho i roto i Russia. Ka rite ki te hua, e kore mau i runga i noa atu i roto i te wā o te Kaupapa Here Economic New (1923), hoki ki tona whenua hoki e ia. ki waho whanau tana ora hua, a ka kite i te marama o tona mahi pukapuka mōna "Childhood Nikita" (1920-1922 gg.), "Ko te Road ki te Angaanga" - te putanga tuatahi (1921), i te ara, i roto i te tau 1922, ua faaite ia e reira ka waiho te reira i te huinga toru. Neke atu i te wa, kua papaki te aho anti-Bolshevik o te pūrākau, i tahuri te kaituhi i ki te whakaputa ke ratou mahi, maha feaa amo honi tika ki te āhuatanga tōrangapū o te USSR. e kore te kaituhi wareware e pā ana ki o ratou "hara" - te take pai, me te manene, engari mohio ia e kua puta noa inaianei i te whānui o kaipānui ngā ia, i roto i te wā Soviet.

wā auaha New

I te taenga ki te pūrākau Russian "Aelita" i whakaputaina (1922-1923 gg.), Te momo tuuaki-fi. parau te reira i pehea te hoia Army Whero whakarite revolution i runga i Mars, engari kihai i mea haere i pera me ta. A iti i muri mai ka haere mai te rua o nga pūrākau o te momo kotahi, "te hyperboloid o Engineer Garin" (te 1925-1926 gg.), Nei reworked te kaituhi maha nga wa. I roto i te tau 1925, i reira ko he kōrero fantastic, "te Union o e rima." Tolstoy, i te ara, i roto i te hunga o tona pakimaero pūtaiao tohu maha hangarau whakamiharo, pērā i rere wāhi, pōti hopu wāhi, taiaho, "whawhati hekerangi", te wehenga o te nucleus ngota, me pera i runga i. D.

Mai i 1924 ki te 1925 Tolositoi Aleksey Nikolaevich pūrākau hanga he momo Sapphire, "Te Adventures o Nevzorov, Ibikus ranei" te wahi whakaahuatia mōrearea kiri māia. Ko reira kitea i tenei ara o Ostap Bender whanau i roto i Ilf me Petrov.

meka Interesting i te ora o Tolositoi

Kua i roto i 1937, i tuhituhi Tolositoi he kōrero i runga i te tikanga kāwanatanga o Stalin "taro", i reira i roto i te akoranga o ngā taea āta kite i te tūranga tino o te rangatira o te ënei whenua me Voroshilov.

Ko tētahi o ngā kōrero a te tamariki pai i roto i te tuhinga ao ko te kōrero o te A. N. Tolstogo, "Te Key Golden, ranei Adventures o Pinocchio" (1935). Kaituhi rawa pai me ata reworked patupaiarehe korero "Pinocchio" i te kaituhi Italian Carlo Collodi.

I roto i te wā i 1930 ki te 1934, hanga Tolstoy e rua ngā pukapuka e pā ana ki a Pita, me tona wa. Here te kaituhi homai tona aromatawai o te wā, me te ariā whakahou o te kingi. Tona pukapuka tuatoru, "Pita", tuhituhi ia, ka ko ia marere.

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic tuhituhi Alexey maha whakaputanga me ngā kōrero. I roto ia ratou e "te huru Russian", "Ivan Grozny" me pera i runga i. D.

ngā whakahēnga

Ko te tuakiri o te kaituhi Alekseya Tolstogo pai whakahē rite, i roto i te parau tumu, me tona mahi. I roto i te Soviet Union i reira te tuarua nui i muri i te kaituhi Maksima Gorkogo. Tolositoi ko te tohu o te āhua o nga nga patriots Soviet tūturu iwi o te rangatira rawa. e kore rawa ia amuamu e pā ana ki te hiahia, ka noho tonu, ano he rangatira, no te mea kua kore mutu reira mahi i runga i tona Patopato, a ko tonu i roto i te tono.

meka Interesting o te ora o Tolositoi ngā te meka e taea e ia te tohe mo te hunga hopukina whakama maheni ranei, engari i taea ia, ka nunumi atu i taua. I marenatia ia wha ngā wā. NV Krandievskaya, tetahi o ana wahine, i roto i etahi ara i mahi rite te tauira o nga wawetia hoki te pūrākau "Te Road ki te Angaanga".

konohi

aroha Alexei ki tuhituhi i roto i ki te meka pono he tikanga kiko, engari nehenehe hanga ano hoki, me te pakiwaitara. Aroha ia, ko ia te wairua o tetahi hapori, engari i reira i te hunga e whakakitea whakahawea mo te kaituhi. ngā Anna Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Osip Mandelstam enei (ara ka te Tolositoi whakamutunga he papaki).

Alexei Tolstoy ko te tino motu Russian kaituhi, konohi me te hau, maha tuhituhi ia ki te rauemi ke, me reira e kore tino i hiahia ki te ako reo ke mo te tikanga pai o tona reo Russian Māori.

I muri i te matenga o Gorky i 1936 ki te 1938 ahu e ia te Union o Soviet Writers. I muri i te whawhai, ko ia he mema o te kōmihana ki te tūhura i te hara o nga whakaeke Fascist.

Me kï reira e puta nga tau o te ora o Tolositoi i te wā i 1883 ki te 1945. mate ia i runga i February 23, 1945 o mate pukupuku i te tau o 62, a tanumia i roto i Moscow i te urupā Novodevichy.