Minerals Finland. Ahumahi a Economics i Finland

E aparau teie tuhinga Finland kohuke, ratou tangohanga, tukatuka me te tūranga i roto i te ōhanga. Tīmata ka whai tenei kaupapa he tawhiti o e pā ana ki te wā o e toru piriona tau ki muri, ka i tanumia enei wahi i raro i te awa kōpaka nui. Te nuinga puta te whakawhetai ki nga ngā o taua wa matatoka o Finland i taua tau.

tio tau

Ko reira i roto i te hukapapa tau i roto i te rōpū ofa'i karaihe nui i runga i nei haere i te kahu taimaha nui o tio ki kirinuku o te whenua ki te whānuitanga e hanga e rua harotoroto nui - te Gulf o Bothnia me te Moana Baltic, nga ngā roto tuatahi mua. kōpaka hanga e te reira i te mahere whenua o Finland. Ko te matotoru tio i taea ki te whakapiko i te whenua ano nui atu i te toru kiromita. ka mau atu ano ratou i te mata o te neke atu i whitu mita o kamaka.

Ko te pūnaha katoa o nga roto Finnish me toka nui i kawea mai e te rota e taea te korero ki te pehea tahuri Finland te tauturu i roto i na te mea e te kitenga tatou i teie mahana. E toru ōrau o te whenua - ko reira tino tuwhera ofa'i, a tae noa tahi ōrau - te raro ofa'i taua i te hohonu o te kotahi mita. Ngā mihi ki parawae Ice Age i roto i Finland ko te plurality o konganuku whenua kore-ferrous me onge. Ko te take i roto i nga wa onamata ko te whenua o te kōpaka tenei, mana'o te reira tino katoa i runga i te whenua.

Finland inaianei

Ko te wahi i reira ko Finland, - te raki o Europe. Kei te wahi nui o te whenua i runga i te Scandinavian Peninsula. faaite te reira i rohe ki Norway, Russia, Sweden, i runga i te moana - ki Estonia. Ko te wāhi ko reira iti - e toru rau e toru tekau-waru mano kiromita tapawha. E pā ana ki e rima me te hawhe miriona iwi he, he wahi nui o nei noho i roto i te pane - Helsinki - me ētahi atu pa iti, me ōrau e toru tekau anake o te taupori - i roto i te tahi atu rohe. Ko te nui o ngā roto, ngahere, repo - he āhuatanga huru o taua wahi o te ao te wahi i reira he Finland.

No kōrero matawhenua iti ngā i roto i tenei otaota rohe me te ao kararehe. e kore e nohinohi pea me Atawhenua, engari kua tuhituhi tonu te koti o ringa o Finland kore e noho i roto i enei raiona wahi (ahakoa te whakapono ai e i roto i 1580 i huaina ai te kingi o kararehe Trot). Mai i te nuinga o tona oraraa (e pā ana ki e rima rau nga tau o) Finland tū rite te kawanatanga o Sweden, ko reira te Gustav kingi Swedish no ahau ki tenei whakapakoko. ka puta koti o ringa o Finland i runga i tona whakapakoko i roto i te hahi Gothic o te pa o Uppsala. I muri i te wa poto, ko te wahi o Russia Finland, a kua whakaaturia ka te raiona (Lynx ranei) i runga i te whakangungu rakau, i i kei i runga i te pouaka o te ekara rua-upoko emepaea.

geography

Geography o Finland rawa i rawe ki: neke atu i te rua hautoru o tona rohe e takoto e rua rau mita i raro taumata moana, me te kua he tirohanga o te mania moraine pukepuke ki ahua auau o toka, koputaputa o ngā roto, me tupuke o pukepuke - Salpausselkä, Suomenselkä, Manselkya.

Te Tai Tokerau-uru o te whenua e nohoia ana e nga maunga Scandinavian (ratou pito rāwhiti). Ko te tiketike o te maunga tae 1365 mita i roto i te Finland - he maunga Haltiatunturi. He iti iti iho i te ono tekau mano ngā roto, e waru ōrau o rohe katoa ranei te hanga he pūnaha wai nui. e kore ko te take roa o te awa, engari e ratou ki tonu o tāheke me te wai tiketike.

tātai

whakaritea arowhenua o Finland e tona wāhi i runga i te Baltic Shield. Early toka Precambrian kāhuarau konei, me te ofa'i, a au ra e ratou katoa kōpaka kōkōuri podornuty me putunga glacial o te wā Quaternary. Ko na kitea i roto i o ratou wāhanga katoa Retreat o te kōpaka. Bothnia whakawhiti rohe te hape e toro ki te Ladoga te nuinga rohe roto wehewehe ngā Precambrian wā ki ngā wāhi e rua. horapa te rawhiti o whitiki pounamu Archean o te wā, tino inaki para māhurehure me Volcanics Jatulian (Early Proterozoic).

Ko reira ki a ratou, a e pā ana ki putunga o tokahuke o konganuku utu nui (me ētahi atu - māmā): he kore koura anake, engari ano hoki konukarihi, rino, parahi, nika, whakarewa turanga, vanadium me te konukurahina te ore. I roto i te uru ki reira, ko te calcareous kawakore toka, shales me greywacke i raro i rua piriona tau, i hanga e nei e arcs moutere puia me moana haurokuroku. Ko ratou i roto i nga wahi maha plutons homaitanga o ratou e granitoids, i reira te wahi motuhake - Tsentralnofinlyandsky batholith. He he rota o putunga iti o polymetallic, parahi, rino, te konukōreko, me te ore whenua onge.

rangahau

I roto i 1947, te pūtaiao Geological Society, i roto i te 1970 whakaritea whakaritea te wänanga i roto i Finland. Ko reira te muri, ka e mahi i roto i ngā take arowhenua me maina o te whenua. Ko te kaitiaki ko te komiti motuhake, he mema o te hanganga Academy he aivanaa i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao taiao wahi ngā mema. Puta ngā take me āwhina ki te whakaoti i te wahi o te Poari Academy, e pā ana ki te rangahau hangarau, a kia mohio ki te haere ki te pātai katoa kotahi atu tohutohu - taiao akoranga.

I roto i Finland, kei te ako whare wānanga, me te mahi koura me te arowhenua, engari whakaako enei marau e i roto i te tari o whānui (sciences tūturu) ki te okotahi anake. Ko te City o Helsinki University o Technology tenei - State wānanga, whakaturia i roto i te 1908. He he he tari motuhake o te metallurgy me maina. Heoi, ka taea e koe te karanga i te rota o wānanga Finnish e whakaakona te momo o ngā kaupapa, e e ta'elava ki te keri me te arowhenua, ahakoa te meka e kore e wehe enei tari me te noa, me kua oti rawa ki te pūtaiao māori.

Minerals Finland

Ko te tino taonga Chrome ore Finland. Hoki i reira he rakau nui, me te konutea, konukurahina, nika, parahi, apatite, vanadium, me o te akoranga te Peat. keri rino ore i roto i te-uru raki o te whenua. I roto i te mara whakaritea Pahtovara quartzites glandular, i roto i Kaymaryavi - apatites me magnetites, ko McCall, Hitura ko Kotalahti hoatu parahi, me te konukōreko. Tokahuke o konganuku utu nui whakawhanakehia i roto i te tonga o Finland, Kemi me te raki Lapland. Vammala tiakina, i roto i Outokumpu, Vihanti koura, hiriwa me konganuku rōpū konukawata (te whakamutunga, ko te wahi iti).

E tangohia konganuku Rare i roto i nga rohe tonga, me te pokapū, te wahi mara nui e Kangasala Kemiyo me te āhuatanga ai te te ihirangi o te ore ilmenite i te aroaro, phlogopite, magnetite, zircon, pyrochlore baddelita. He apatites Ore, chromium, vanadium tino nui, i roto i Europa, i te wahi tuatahi o te nui o te konukurahina - rua. Ano he rota o ore rino, konutea, parahi, sēniti. E tangohia whānuitia Peat me konganuku-kore kohuke i roto i Finland. He putunga Peat tini rawa me e kei tata puta noa te whenua, engari i roto i te rahi, he iti ia o ratou. Ōhanga whakawhanake putunga i roto i te i te taikaha o rua tekau heketea, e kaimono ki kia neke atu i rua mita. I roto i Finland, rite kore taua putunga katoa.

ore

Tata ki te katoa o nga putunga o konukarihi ore kei roto i te Karelian matatini quartzite-tokauku ranei i runga i nga rohe o te matatini ofa'i-te kāhuarau kanapa Archean. putunga tuhipoka O nui taea Kolari Paltamo Paukayanvare me Noutiyarvi. Kei Iron tokahuke i roto i te wahi ki te raki-hauauru me te pokapū o Finland. Nuinga o ngā wā e pā ana ratou ki te Hanganga Maunga Karelian, reira hanganga leptitovoy.

I roto i te tokahuke i quartzites ferruginous (Pahtovara), apatite me magnetidy (Kaymayarvi me ētahi atu), skarns magnetite (Oriyarvi ko Tervola), ilmenite-magnetite (i roto i te Otanmyaki me ētahi atu wāhi). E whakawhanakehia putunga Skarn me matatini magmatic. Kei Vanadium me Titanium i roto i te ore i te pito rāwhiti o te Baltic Shield. E pā ana ēnei hanganga ki te wā Lower me sredneproterozoyskim. E whakawhanakehia ana ratou i roto i nga mara, me te Mustavara Otanmyaki.

polymetals

hāngai chromium ore i roto i te kotahi mara, e kai i te ahumahi tēnā katoa i roto i Finland. Tenei Kemi - i roto i te Gulf o Bothnia, i runga i tona uta raki. Konukurahina, konukōreko, parahi, me te konganuku kore-ferrous rite puta i roto i tokahuke i Ladoga Bothnia whitiki, me te arowhenua me mara ahumahi whakakitea e rua momo. Tenei sulfide parahi-nika i Kotalahtinskoy subband whitiki (McCall, Hitura, Kotalahti me etahi), ai te ihirangi toharite parahi o 0.3%, me te nika - 1.2%.

Ko te momo tuarua - e pā ana te putunga stratimorfnye pyrite ki graphite shales pango (Hammaslakti, Vuonos, Outokumpu, me ētahi atu), i reira te ihirangi hiriwa - 11 karamu ia ton o ore, te koura - ki runga ki tetahi karamu o konutea - 7%, parahi - 3, 5%, me i reira ko te wahi o te konukurahina me sēniti. Tokahuke e kei roto i te mara hinu tonga i runga i te Baltic Shield, te wahi, i roto i te tua ki te konutea me te arahi roto koura, parahi, te hiriwa, me te tokomaha atu āhuatanga.

ahumahi Finland

kua i roto i te 1986 moni nga āhuatanga whānui o ngā mahi ōhanga o GDP te whenua o ki 357 piriona Anganui. Me kï reira e te tipu tonu a āta tenei ahua. He āhuatanga ngā ko e kiia te ahumahi keri mo te whakatekau anake o te ōrau o GDP, me ahumahi ahumahi - neke atu i te rua tekau ōrau.

Ahakoa te rāhui tika nui o ngā rauemi kohuke, whakaaro te taonga matua tūturu te he ngahere e hipokina neke atu i te hawhe o te whenua katoa. Nä, nga peka matua katoa o te ōhanga Finnish whai wāhi e i roto i te whanaketanga o aua rauemi. He raruraru i roto i Finland ki pūngao, ahakoa haamata whanaketanga arumoni o putunga o kora totoka, me te wai.

Ka rite ki te mea e

Kei te whakawhanakehia ngā rauemi kohuke i roto i Finland mai nga wa onamata, ara nga pūrākau Finnish (Runes) korero o nga tokahuke rino. Ahakoa ki runga ki te tekau ma toru te rau, i roto i te tua ki te kohatu, me te rino, e kore e whakamahi i tetahi mea. e kore ahumahi Mining i roto i te ture Swedish i roto i Finland i whakawhanakehia, no te mea i ara mo te tūhura, me te rawa mo te whanaketanga ki te whai whakaaetanga whaiaro o te Kingi o Sweden.

I roto i timata te rau tau tekau ma ono ki toku ore rino, me te rewanga poaka rino faaoti anake i roto i te tekau ma waru, a ko reira tata ki te hanga artisanal. I roto i te rautau tekau mā iwa, kua i roto i Russia, ka anga nga mana ki te whakatenatena me te tūhura, me te tangohanga o ngā rauemi raw kohuke.

Ka rite ki te mea e

I roto i te 1812, i hanga te Russian Empire i roto i tona kawanatanga Finnish tuatahi o Mines, ki te ārahi i te tūhura o ngā rauemi kohuke me ratou whakamahi. ka te noa tuatahi Kulonsuonmyaki toku ki runga ki te tangohanga o te ore rino, a ka uru ki roto ki te whanaketanga o te tekau ma rua i roto i te 1829 i taua putunga. Nā ki te mehua manawarü o te whakaputa e pā ana ki toru toni o ore rino, me te tupu o te ahumahi tonu. I tua atu ki te nui āhua-puritia, whakahaeretia neke atu i te rima tekau maina iti tūmataiti wahi te kounga ore nui hoki iho ki te matua.

ka mau a Russia he rino, me te parahi ohipa-free, na nui atu production tupu e wha tekau-waru mano taranata i roto i te tau 1860. timata konukura Oriyarvi ki te whakaputa i roto i 1832, a i roto i 1870, kua oti kē kua whakawhanakehia putunga polymetallic i Pitkyaranta. Na roto i te 1895, whakaputaina Finland 5.195 tana o parahi, 425 toni o tine, tata waru taranata o te hiriwa, me te i roto i Lapland horoia utu koura - ki runga ki te rima tekau manokaramu ia tau. ofa'i tarai, syenite, i whakamahia nei i roto i Finland kore anake: i fehangahangai maha whare o St Petersburg ki te kohatu Finnish. I teie mahana, te hua katoa o te ahumahi keri i roto i Finland he utu neke atu i te piriona euros te tau, e pūkete hoki tata e rima tekau hinonga ngā.