Momo Historical i roto i te toi ataata: te whakaahuatanga, māngai

Italy, te wāhi o te momo hītori i roto i toi pai, i nga hiahiatanga katoa mo te putanga o tenei momo o te peita. he taumata tiketike rawa o te whanaketanga ahurea i te Patireia o Roma, me ko ona whakatutukitanga te turanga o toi o nga whenua katoa o Western Europe. No whakamiharo e i roto i Itari i roto i te Renaissance, i roto i te rau tau XV, i reira ko he momo hītori i roto i toi pai.

He hītori poto

Hei matau ki ta te momo hītori i roto i toi, he mea e tika ana ki te whakaaro ngā āhuatanga o te wā i raro i te arotake. wā Renaissance - ko te tino pokea ana o whakaaro humanistic e kua meinga āwangawanga mo te takitahi e kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te hītori ā-iwi, me te tōrangapū tenei.

Ko te ngā o te mua hautoa o te whenua, a i ki te whakaatu i te momo hītori i roto i toi pai. Tauira ngā te whai ake: peita Andrea Mantenya, "te Whakamanamana o Hiha" (1485-1492), he momo o papanga Paolo Uccello, oti rawa ki te pakanga o San Romano me ētahi atu. Whakatutukinga o te Renaissance i Itari, hohoro horahia puta noa i Europe, te wahi i te momo hītori i roto i toi pai, a ka anga tona whanaketanga.

toi Pākehā o te peita hītori senituli XVII-XVIII

Kua ngā Past events toi me i roto i nga whenua Pākehā Western. Ka taea te pēnei te whanaketanga o tenei au ki te rau tau XVII - te tino pokea ana o Classicism me Baroque. Me kï reira e i roto i te ahurea toi ki te aronga ka puta mai i roto i rite te momo hītori. atu momo katoa o toi pai mo etahi wa ki te hoatu ki a ia tetahi wahi o te auraa no te tikanga Classicism ki te waihanga i roto i te wahi tuatahi o whakapakoko hautoa me peita rahi.

I roto i tenei kāhua, te kaupapa kōrero o mua, mahi Pita Paora Rubens (te peita "te Battle o te Amazons", 1619-1620 gg.), Nikola Pussen ( "te Rape o nga Women Sabine", 1614-1615 gg.), Jacques-Louis Rawiri, e tuhituhi e rua te tawhito, me te kaupapa o nāianei. E āhuatanga ēnei mahi i te wairua o te pathos, tū itoito, hanahana hoho'a mata me ngā tohu. I roto i tona hanganga papanga rite te mahi o nga wahi tawhito me ngā te bombast tapere. Ki tenei aronga ngā peita, te tuhituhi i roto i te mau Evanelia. Hei tauira, Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt hanga te peita "te hoki o te Foha Maumau Koloá" (1669).

peita Historical i roto i Europa i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XIX

hoatu Classicism me te hohoro Baroque ara ki te hou ngā ahurea - romanticism. Māngai o tenei au atu i te tikanga hautoa o te mua, e arotahi ana ki te wāhanga aronganui. Ko te toi whakatakotoria atu ki te waihanga i taua whakaahua ki te marea e aroha me te aroha i te whakarongo. peita momo Historical ko te hoahoa tino rerekē, rite te mua te kaupapa o mana'o tangata me kare. Ka rite ki te tauira, Ezhena Delakrua peita "Massacre i Kio" tuhituhia i roto i te 1826. Ka taea te kitea tohu Historical, me nga mahi o te tahi atu rangatira artist French Onore Dome: peita "Ko e tutu" (1848).

Western Pākehā wā peita whaiāipo hītori

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX, kua pehia te momo hītori i roto i te toi ataata huringa nui. Ko e tika ana ki te putanga o te aronga hou tenei - te talena. Kua rapua Ko tōna māngai ki te waihanga i tētahi whakapakoko atu Tāwhiti me whakaaro. Ka taea e tenei au te pēnei te mahi o Adolf von Menzel, nana nei i hanga i roto i te 1850 i te raupapa o peita i oti rawa ki te wā Fridriha Velikogo. Interest i roto i te aamu o tenei wā e te nuinga faataa e te takaí maha e ngaueue Europa i te wa. wahia Hotbeds o whakakeke i roto i Itari, France me Germany. Na reira, kaipūtaiao, toi, rapu kaituhi whakautu ki te hakari i te mua, a ka whakamārama tenei te putanga o te talena i roto i te ahurea.

Ko te putanga o Russian peita momo hītori

Interesting ki te tātari me te hītori motu o te toi. Takenga mai, momo me momo i roto i Russia - ko te kaupapa mo tetahi atu aparauraa, no te mea kei te nui atu tono to tatou tikanga i te toi Pākehā. Ko te tau o te Classicism i roto i te kāinga nui rā hoki ki te rau tau XVIII: i tenei wa o toi motu tahuri ki nga ngā o te mua i roto i a ratou mahi.

Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te momo hītori o te toi Russian - Anton Pavlovich Losenko. tuhituhi e ia nga peita rongonui i te mua o Tuaiho Onamata Rus ( "Vladimir ko Rogneda", 1770) me peita i oti rawa ki kaupapa puāwaitanga. Hono kau muimuí ko Ivan Akimov, tirohia hoki ki nga ngā o te Kievan Rus, Pita Sokolov, e tohu ana whakapakoko pūrākau, Gregory Ugriumov, tirohia ki te hītori o te rau tau XIII. Enei mahi, me te peita Pākehā i roto i te kāhua puāwaitanga, rerekē whakapakoko tairanga me whakaaro.

kaupapa Historical i roto i te toi Russian i roto i nga tau 1800-1850

i peita momo pikitia i roto i te toi ataata rawa kanorau, Heoi, e tika ana ki te whanaketanga o mātauranga, i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau nohoia kaupapa hītori te au tino i roto i te ahurea toi. Nga toi o tenei au te nuinga tonu nga whakarerenga iho o Classicism, te kōwhiri i te ahanoa mo tona mahi meka itoito o te mua. momo Historical i roto i toi pai, kitea peita e te expressive tino, koa reira te rongonui nui i roto i te intelligentsia, a i roto i te iwi whānui papatipu.

Ki tenei aronga ngā mahi Antona Ivanova "te feat o te taitamariki i Kiev i roto i te whakapaenga o Kiev Pechenegs i 968" (1810), Alekseya Egorova "Okioki ki runga ki te Flight ki Ihipa" (1830). I te wa ano, i te aronga hou - romanticism, te hanga oraora, whakapakoko aronganui, kaha mānukanuka hinengaro nei te mau melo. Hei tauira, Karl Pavlovich Bryullov, nana nei i hanga te peita rongonui e pā ana ki te mate o Pompeii, Fodor Antonovich Bruni me Aleksandr Andreevich Ivanov, e tuhituhi nga kōrero Bibilia.

kaupapa Historical i roto i nga mahi o te kaituhi hauwhā-rau tau whakamutunga

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX, ka anga toi ki te peita scenes i hītori Russian. I roto i te toi, i reira te mea he raupapa o pikitia whakatapua ki etahi ngā o te mua o to tatou whenua. momo Historical i roto i te toi ataata kanohi e te peita e whai ake nei: peita Ili Repina "Princess Sophia i Novodevichy Convent" (1879), me te "whakamate Ivan Grozny tana tama" (1884), te mahi o Vasily Surikov, ngā ki te ngā tino whakaari i roto i te hītori o Russia XVIII rau. E kitea ana ēnei mahi e te whakapakoko pēhea te karakara me whakaputa me te taiao papamuri.

Ko te momo hītori o toi pai

timata toi Local ki te tono ki ngā tōrangapū e kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te ahua o te ora ia rā o te iwi Russian. Na reira, nui i roto i te hoho'a peni ka mau te whare momo hītori pera-ka karanga. Kua riro koe pai o tenei au nui rongonui i roto i te iwi whānui mātauranga o taua wa.

Ka rite ki te tauira, ko te mahi o te kaituhi e whai ake nei: Vyacheslava Shvartsa, hanga he pikitia e pā ana ki te hopu kingi, Konstantin Makovsky, e tuhituhi e pā ana ki te peita Muscovy i te rau tau XVII. ka mau ngā kaupapa whare Historical faufaa nui i roto i te mahi o nga māngai o te rōpū "Ao Art o". Rawa i te tākaro ratou peita kororia me te hakari, engari ki te pa o te pouri (Albert Benoit e whakaatu ngä grandiose o fetaulaki'anga Russian me empresses i roto i te rau tau XVIII, Evgeniy Lansere, e tohu ana taiao whakapaipai i te marae, Valentin Serov, te utu ataata o te kingi).

peita momo Historical o nga wa Soviet me hou

I roto i ngā wā Soviet, maha kua toi tahuri ki nga ngā o te Russia mua. Heoi, kua ora ratou i te whakarerenga iho o toi mātauranga o te rau tau XIX, e tohu ana scenes itoito i hītori Russian. Hei tauira, whakaaro te artist V. E. Popkov te te kaiwhakarewa o te "kāhua nui" i roto i te toi Soviet (peita, waha te hanga o ngā tipu huringa). O te faufaa ngā i roto i tona mahi, ko te kaupapa o te Pakanga nui Patriotic ( "pouaru Mezen", 1965-1968.). He pene TE Nazarenko no mahi, e taea te kite i te ngā koki: whakatikanga ake Pugachev, Decembrists.

Kei te whakaatu toi Contemporary nui moni i roto i te hītori o Russia. ka I. S. Glazunov rongonui mō te hanga i te papa reo rahi whakatapua ki he mahara ki te mua o to tatou whenua: "! Russia, ara ake" te hua, taipe e whakaatu ana i te whakarau o te kaituhi, (1994) me etahi atu.

Na, Whakarāpopoto ake, ka taea e tatou te mea e nohoia kaupapa hītori he wahi tino nui i roto i te toi Pākehā, me te rite i roto i te peita Russian. Parau me te tika, whakaari me te hakari tonu i te momo hītori. Katoa momo o toi pai kawe i te faaiteraa, ko tenei kāhua ko te rangatira.