Order o Friendship o Iwi: History

kua Order o Friendship o te iwi i roto i te wa o te Union kua tetahi o nga tohu tino whaimana. Kei te whakawhiwhia te reira ki te iwi anake nei mahi mo te pai o te fatherland ka manawanuitia ki te heke mai te anaanaraa.

A, no te i whakapumautia ai

whanau Order o Friendship o Iwi i ki te ao i runga i Hakihea 17 i roto i te 1972. Ko te mau hitu ahuru i roto i te aamu o te kāwanatanga nui Soviet ko tetahi o te hua tino i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga ohaoha. Kua hanga keri waro kaha, me te hinu. I roto i te raruraru o te USSR mahi i roto i te hoko kaha o ona rauemi wahie, me te taimana. Tikanga o te Presidium o te Power Hupirimi o te Kaunihera, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakatū i te tikanga nui o te USSR. hanga tenei whakatau i ki te whakanui i te rā whānau 50 o te ra te Union. I te Hōngongoi 18, ke e tika ana 1980 Order o te Ture o te USSR ki te ture o te taputapu kāwanatanga.

He aha ko te Ture

Order o Friendship o Iwi kihai i pera faingofua ki te farii i. I whakawhiwhia e ia anake hoki te hua nui i te aroaro o fatherland. Haere reira taea anake te hunga i tau'a ki o nga iwi fraternal me iwi hoa te whakarau. I hoatu te Order o Friendship anake ki te hunga e whakapono i roto i te heke mai kanapa, me te whare o te hapori. Ko hoki Kaupapa hanga o whanaunga ōhanga me te whanaketanga o te Union o Culture tetahi o te nui tino i roto i tenei mea.

Ko wai i taea te whakawhiwhia maui

Order Soviet o tangata tika o te Republic, e arahi ratou ahua me ratou iwi ki te heke mai te anaanaraa. E te taua parau tumu kia whakawhiwhia te taitara raraunga ki hinonga, wae hōia, pūhui ārai, pūtahi me ngā rōpū ngā, te Union me te rohe Republic, ki te tiaki i te mana motuhake, te mataeinaa, me te pa. taea hoki te tukuna Order o Friendship o Iwi ki nga tangata e kore e tangata o te USSR, Heoi, mahi whai hiranga taiea ki te āhua Soviet nei.

Kia pehea te Ko te āpā o te Order

kihai i tika o te tangata e kore nei i hanga i te wāhi nui ki te whakapakari i te mahi tahi o iwi hoa fā'ūtaha uniana hapori Order o te USSR. whakatutukitanga mahi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga o te whenua o te takaro ano te wāhi nui. I hoatu te Order o Friendship anake ki te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i te iwi-hanga o te Uniana. mahi hua i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao me te āhuatanga pūtaiao, rawa, hoatu he wāhi ki te riro i tēnei tohu.

Ko te tukanga o te maungārongo o nga iwi o te Union, ratou utu ahurea me te haamaitairaa, te mātauranga o tangata i roto i te wairua o te mea ïa Soviet tūturu, kia rite ki nga kēnana o te ënei whenua o te USSR hanga reira taea ki te whiwhi i te tikanga. Otiia ko te taiva ore ki te motherland te ture matua. Kei a kore e wareware e pā ana ki te hua i roto i te whakapakari i te kaha o te āhua kaha korero, e taea whai wāhi hoki ki te whakarite e farii i te Order o Friendship o Iwi o te USSR.

kia mau Whakatau rite ki te tikanga, i rēhita hoki i a mana whakaputaina. kia mau te utu Ngā tino i runga i te pouaka, i te taha ki maui. Ko te tikanga kua mau te reira i muri ki te Order o Reipa Ihowanihi.

Ahua o te tohu tino

Kia kōrero a pā ana ki te ahua o te Order Soviet o Friendship o Nations. He te āhua o te whetu e rima-oka, paku ohu nei. hipoki Order o te mata i te tae whero kanapa parahe me te tohu. Tuhinga hiriwa o te anga koeko-āhua i te whetu ki te kurupae e rima i runga i nei te puna koura i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē hihi ngingila.

Order o Friendship o Iwi o te Soviet Union kua he tataitia tohu o te USSR, kei nei i roto i te pokapū rawa. wāhanga takitahi o te tohu hipoki ki te tohu ki tae. Rūrū rite te tohu o te auhoaraa o iwi puta ano i runga i te ringa. Kei tēnei tohu i roto i te awhi a tawhio noa te koti o ringa o te Soviet Union, i muri ki te tataitia, rīpene pouri-whero ki "USSR" tuhituhinga whakakake. Tarona peka, i hipokina nehenehe e ki atarangi tohu ki maeneene o matomato, ko tetahi o nga tohu matamua o te mana me te te pai.

Mō rauemi ahumahi

I hanga tēnei tikanga o hiriwa, te ihirangi o e tae te paerewa
38,998 ± 1,388 g Kua tēnei paerewa kua tangohia noa i runga i Mahuru 18 i roto i '75 te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko te taimaha katoa rite tohu nui 42.9 ± 1.8 g

Mō te rahi o ngā tohu

Kei te tikanga whanganga te rahi i tetahi pito ki te Star pyramidal taa ritenga. Na, kua he roa o 47 mitamano te Order taketake.
peeke katoa i roto i te Ota o te Soviet Union kua hono ki te poraka pentagonal. he mea hipoki ki ki te rīpene moire tae, hanga o te kounga tiketike hiraka Soviet. whanui rīpene ōrite ki ngā paerewa production, he rite ki te 24 mm. pae Whero kei haere te raro, kua he whanui 13 mm o me he mana tohu taketake, me te tūnga i roto i te waenganui o te rīpene.

E rua takai ahopou kuiti rite "tahi e" rīpene whero huri noa i te tapa. Ko ratou tohu o nga mara Soviet nui me te ra, i hoatu taonga he kotinga. tae Unuhia Kōwhai roa 4 mm o. Te taha i te taha o Pads kei i runga i te Unuhia hawhe ma te mirimita.

Ko te hītori o te tohu

Order o Friendship o Iwi (te utu mo reira te tahi mau taime tae te nui faahiahia) - Ko te tino onge tenei tohu, me te ko o te uara ngā. mahi te rota o toi ki te hanga i tētahi hoahoa ataahua taua o te Order, e kua he hoahoa kaua matatini, me te ngā. Ko te tino nuitia whakataua ki kamupene me ngā rōpū e kua mahi pakeke mo te pai o te fatherland. Order o te kaituhi o te kaupapa tu Zhuk Aleksandr Borisovich.

Republic, i waimarie nui ki te tiki i te mētara tuatahi

Iti iho i te hawhe o te marama ka rite ki hou, tata anake hanga, ka anga te Order ki tohu te tuatahi waimarie. Hakihea 29, 1972 kua whakawhiwhia nga lepupilika 15, lepupilika motuhake, me te te rohe me te County Homeland. Ko te tohu tuatahi tika no ki te Russian Soviet Republic, ia ia e homai te rua o nga tohu ki te iwi Ukrainian fraternal.

tangata maitai

i whai whakaaro mai kaimahi Aviation i taua wa kia rite ki toa, me te "Ru Worker", na ko ratou tohu o te iwi tuatahi tenei taonga. Ko te kupu, i whakawhiwhia 199 iwi i runga i February 9 i roto i 1973. mahi ratou, ka whakarite i ngā mahere mo te whakatinanatanga o te rangi waka, taukei taputapu rererangi hou, a ka awhinatia i roto i te tārua o te ōhanga ā-motu.

Maui whakahaere me hinonga

i kaha rawa wahine Soviet i roto i ngā o te ora pāpori. e kore ratou i rapu ki a ratou ira mau ohipa tika anake. hiahia te katoa ki te mahi mo te pai o te motherland. Just rite te tangata Soviet awhina te kororia o te motherland, hanga Komiti nga Women o Soviet kua he takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o whanaunga me whakapakari o whanaunga i waenganui i nga iwi ki nga teina e rua. Hoki tenei, i whakawhiwhia te whakahaere me te Order. I hanga āpā i runga i Maehe 6 i roto i '73 o te rau tau rua tekau.

wewete mana Soviet te ao i fascism i roto i 1945, kia e ki ona tangata katoa e matau roa pehea uaua tau o te whawhai me te pēhea te faufaa, me te nui o te ao. Ko te aha kua hanga inapō taitamariki ratou ake whakahaere waho i te käwanatanga hoki te tiaki o te ao, i whakawhiwhia hoki Order tino, me te hōnore o Friendship i 1974.

O te akoranga, e kore waho-te industrialists tuatahi, e kua mahi hoki i te painga o te ōhanga me te whiua tetahi o te "locomotive" o te kāwanatanga. hanga Leningrad rōpū "Kirov Plant" Kua he wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga pāpori o te USSR, hoki i whakawhiwhia e ia te Order o Aperira 30, 1976.

rōpū ahurea hanga ano he takoha nui a te whakahohea te iwi Soviet tikanga ki te toi, ki te kitea e te ataahua, kia pai ake mātauranga, me te tino whakawhanakehia. Leningrad circus i hoatu whakaaturanga kanapa upscale, i whakawhiwhia te Order o te tohu tenei i roto i te 1978.

ki tonu nūpepa i hinengaro o matou compatriots, a takaro he wāhi nui i roto i auaha i te mōhiotanga ngā mōhiohio o tangata. Ko te kupu, ko te niupepa "Moscow News" whakawhiwhia i roto i 1980 me "Literary Gazette" - i roto i te 1979. Ko te Moscow Theatre "Romen" i i whakaaro tetahi o te rongonui tino taua wa, ko ona kaiwhakaari, me nga mahi he tino mo te iwi o te USSR, pera ia, rawa, i whakawhiwhia taua hui i roto i te 1981.

Folk Dance ensemble o te Soviet Union i roto i tona hanganga nga kanikani pai, tino pūmanawa, me te mātanga, te hunga ka mau mo, tango i roto i te ao mīharo o te kanikani. i whakawhiwhia ratou te Ota i roto i te tau 1981. "Huri noa te Ao" makasini ko tetahi o te tino hokona rite kia roto i te tuhinga pūāhua kōrero, me te ngā. I tāngia ratou tika, me te pūmanawa, pai pakeke kore anake tamariki engari ano hoki.

Ehara i Koinei, i whakawhiwhia e ia te Order o Friendship me te vea i roto i 1982.
I roto i te parariraa o te mana pāpori Soviet, te Order o Friendship o te USSR ngaro te mana o te uniana me te riro te mana o te Federation Order Russian. I muri mai, Heoi, ka hoki ia ki te mana o te Order o te RSFSR. Tenei ka mau hui wahi i roto i Maehe, i te tau 2, 1992. No te timatanga reira ki te whakaputa i re - kua puta ke ahua i te bit rawa. Ko nga tohu o te mana o mua, pērā i te rīpene whero me te kupu "USSR" riro.

I runga i te hītori o te Order o te Russian Federation

I anō te hui tohu tuatahi tonu i muri i te hë o te Whakatau. teihana wāhi autaia "Mir", ara nga rerenga reira, ako me te whakaatu te itoito, me te itoito o te nui i tika o te Order o te Russian Federation.

ka mau awa whakaterenga ano wahi i roto i te ōhanga o te hou i whanau, he whenua hou, Russia, no te mea waka awa ko tetahi o te finansovozatratnyh tino watea, me te iti iho. Haunga nga awa i roto i te Russia te rota, a ratou e whakamahia whānuitia hoki nga mea katoa o te transportation. Na reira, i runga i Oketopa 20 i roto i te 1993 iwi e mahi ana i roto i te hinonga uouangataha Täingäwai awa Shipping Company, kauwhau riro te Order o Friendship o Iwi o te Russian Federation.

He maha rongonui nei kua whakawhiwhia tenei tohu e whakahonoretia ana:

- Juna Davitashvili, te kaiwhakaora, ki i ui mo te tohutohu, he tokomaha te iwi mana i roto i te mua Soviet Union.

- UNESCO Kaiwhakahaere Federico Koromatua, kua hoki kua whakawhiwhia te Order.

- mohiotia Garry Kasparov te rite he rangatira nui rahi e kore anake, engari kia rite ki te tangata e kua mahia ki te Order o te Russian Federation.

- I roto i te toi ko tetahi o nga mea i waimarie nei riro i te tohu rongonui Alexander Shirvindt me kaituhi - Mihail Zhvanetsky, mohiotia hoki ana ngahau atamai, parau waihā me te pukorero mau parau.

momo

Tenei tikanga ko tetahi o nga tohu onge mai te Soviet Union. A e kore e rawa nui mohiotia te e pā ana ki ona puka me ngā rerekētanga, engari ka taea e etahi tohu waho korero tatou te tahi mea ngā.
He mea nui ki te mahara i hanga i te Whakatau te ake o wha nga wahi:

1. Ko te wahi tuatahi - te whetu e rima-oka whero ki hihi anaana waho.
2. Ko te wāhanga tuarua - he toi feti'a hanga whakapakoko a tawhio o te rūrū.
3. Ko te wahi tuatoru ko te Union hïra, superimposed nei i runga i te wahi tuarua (feti'a).
4. I roto i te wahi wha, me te whakamutunga o te rīpene ki te tuhituhinga "USSR" he whero pouri i roto i te te tae. Pewa taea kite koe i te tapanga "miniti".

He pai ki te hoko Order o Friendship o Iwi o te USSR, te utu o e pae i 500 ki te 2000 wae tikanga he tokomaha nga. Ko ia he uara tawhito.

Ko reira ano hoki nui ki te mohio, e kore e te Order o Friendship o nga painga whakarato, ahakoa, ka ko te utu rawa onge, me te rawa nui.