Parare te tangata: he takitahi pūkenga

Ko te tangata o te Renaissance, ranei "polymath" (tangata te ao) - he tangata tino whakawhanakehia e he maha ngā pūkenga me ko he mātanga i roto i pekanga maha.

te nuinga puta whakatau i whakawhetai ki te toi tino, whakaaro nui, me te pūtaiao te wā o te Pākehā Renaissance (i a tawhio noa 1450). Michelangelo Buonarroti, Galileo Galilei, Nikolay Kopernik, Miguel Servet, Leon Battista Alberti, Isaak Nyuton - ko te ingoa tino nui o te iwi e he kairangahau i roto i te maha ngā mara o te pūtaiao, me te toi. Otiia pea te māngai tino a Tūrongo, o te pono Renaissance tangata -Leonardo da Vinci. Ko ia he kaitoi, kaipūkaha, anatomist, hiahia i roto i te maha atu pekanga, ka kua tutuki angitu nui i roto i o ratou akoranga.

Ko te wā "polymath" mua te Renaissance, kua ahu mai i te reira i te kupu Kariki «polymathes», e taea te whakamaoritanga rite "he ariki o maha matauranga" - he whakaaro e he tino nui hoki Platon ko Aristotle, nga whakaaro nui o te ao tawhito.

ka mea a Leon Battista Alberti: "Ka taea e te tangata te mahi i nga mea katoa, ki te hiahia ratou ki te." Tenei whakaaro whakatinana te mau parau tumu o Renaissance humanism, kua takoto te tikanga he ta'efakangatangata i roto i ona taea, me te whanaketanga i te takitahi. O te akoranga, kia kōrero te wā "Renaissance tangata" anake ki te mau taata aravihi e kua tamata ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou pūkenga i roto i te mara katoa o te matauranga, ngā pūkenga, te whanaketanga ā-tinana, pērā i ētahi atu iwi e noho ana i roto i taua tau, te nuinga e tohu ana i te hapori ite ore.

E rave rahi mau taata e kua ako, titau ki te tūranga o te "tangata ao." E tonu rave ratou i roto i te whaiaro-whakapai ake, te whai wāhitanga whanaketanga kua ratou riro, ako reo ke, rangahau whakahaere, i taea e matau me te whakamārama i te raruraru taumauri, mauruuru toi, tākaro hākinakina (pai ake tona tinana). I te wā wawe, ka tautuhi katoa te ariā o te iwi mātauranga whai wāhi ki te rota o te matauranga - nga mahi o whakaaro Kariki me philosopho (ngaro maha nga mahi i roto i te rau tau i muri mai). I tua atu, ko te tangata o te Renaissance te whai o nga iho o ope. Knights o te tīmatanga o te anotau Middle, rite matau tatou, ko te iwi te pānui, matau i roto i te rotarota, me te toi, whai tikanga pai, i rangatiratanga whaiaro (hāunga mau ohipa ki te rangatira feudal). He matau tangata o herekore hei te kaupapa tino o pono humanism o te Renaissance.

Ki etahi whānuitanga, e kore he humanism he kaupapa, me ngā tikanga rangahau. whakapono humanists e te tangata i roto i te Renaissance kia haere mai ki te mutunga o tona ora ki te whakaaro ataahua, me te tinana nui. tenei katoa e taea te tutuki i te ako tonu me te whakapai ake. Ko te whāinga matua o te tangata ko ki te waihanga i tētahi tangata te ao nei fakatahai painga hinengaro, me te tinana.

Ko te huranga o tuhinga tawhito me te tenenga o tā democratized ako me te whakaaetia ki te horapa hohoro whakaaro. I roto i te tīmatanga o te Renaissance, rawa te whanaketanga o ka humanities. Heoi mahi Nikolaya Kuzanskogo (1450) mua outlook heliocentrically hoatu Nīkara ki etahi whānuitanga timata pūtaiao. Tonu, i te tino whakauru i te timatanga o te wā te pūtaiao, me te toi o te Renaissance (rite te ako). He tauira a Tūrongo, o tenei - te poto nui Leonardo da Vinci, ko wai te mea he kaipeita tino, huaina ai ko te papa o pūtaiao hou.