Pareparenga kāwanatanga-puritia Russian rite te tiai o ōhanga pūmau te whenua o

e kore he ōrite pūnaha pēke a Russia: kei reira kaitākaro nui, me te iti, me te whare i roto i nei tohu matua rerekē - te wahi o te kāwanatanga. He aha e nga pau o te mahi o ngā pūtahi nama i reira te nui matua o rawa puritia e te mana?

He aha te mea te pēke kāwanatanga-fatuhia?

pūtahi nama e kua puritia e te kāwanatanga (i runga i mema o te tĭtĭ whakahaere), ka whakahaere e ratou tahatika kāwanatanga-fatuhia. Ko te mahi matua o taua rōpū - tuku nui i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te kaupapa here motu o hinonga ohaoha, me te te haumi me te utu whakawhitinga e pā ana. Ka rite ki te tikanga, tahatika kāwanatanga kī ratonga Russian, rautaki rängai nui o te ōhanga e pā tūranga te whenua o roto i te ao pakihi o te ao, me te mahi i te mea uaua ki pūtahi nama ki whakapaipai tūmataiti.

Te kāwanatanga, he ona ake pūtahi pūtea, ahu hokohoko ke, me te regulates te ahumahi kāinga tino nui (pēnei i te ahuwhenua), kua he kaupapa here i roto i nga rohe o te whenua, te whakahaere haumi i roto i te kaupapa ä-motu. He kupu he maha o paearu mārama mō te whakatau i pareparenga - te āhua. I roto i Russia, te tākaro he wāhi matua i roto i te kaupapa here pūtea motu taua whare.

tahatika Central. Wai te Bank o Russia?

Ko te pēke pokapū (Bank o Russia) - momo o te kāwanatanga o te whare nama. Ko tōna mahi - ture macroeconomic o ōhanga motu, whakahaere mo te mahi o pūtahi pūtea ki te whai wāhitanga whakapaipai tūmataiti i roto i te tukanga moni ao, ngä te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka whanaketanga rautaki o te whenua o. whakahaere Central Bank te rautaki rāhui moni o te kāwanatanga. Ko te mana ā-ture o te Central Bank o Russia, rite tohunga whakapono, he pai rangirua. I runga i te ringa kotahi, te whakapaipai mana o te Central Bank o te whenua ko te taonga o te Federation.

Heoi, ko te pokapū he kawenga mo te herenga o te kāwanatanga (engari e kore e hurihia), mahi reira ona ake hua. Huri i te reira i roto e i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te ture i runga i te Central Bank o Russia he motuhake o te kāwanatanga. E kore e tino tika ki te tautohe e te Bank o Russia - te mana kāwanatanga. Ki te piri koe ki tenei wāhi o te tirohanga, he tawhiti atu i te te nui tino o te mana mo te whakamahi o ngā rawa o te Central Bank i te puka o rahui te kāwanatanga. A, ki te, hei tauira, i tetahi whakaaro o te kāwanatanga faaite, e te tika ki te pīra ki marae ao te Central Bank.

CB: rawa noa atu

kua pera-ka karanga te pēke pokapū tahatika Russian ki waho - pūtahi nama, ārahi ngā mahi ki waho. I roto i te hunga - "Moscow Narodny Bank" (Kei roto i London), "Ost-Te Hau-ā-uru Handelsbank" (Frankfurt) "Eurobank" (Paris). pareparenga Russian ki te whai wāhitanga kāwanatanga, reira, kei roto i te whenua tino whakawhanakehia o Europe.

Ko te tūranga o te pūtahi pūtea o tenei momo, ko te ki te whakapai ake i te huarahi o te utu me te nama whakawhitinga ki hinonga ke. pareparenga Russian noa atu e taea ki te kukume haumi mo nga hiahia o te kāwanatanga, e he pai mo te ōhanga. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ki runga ake i taua o tahatika arumoni te moni o enei pūtahi (me te rahi o utu ki te pūtea o te pupirikana).

pareparenga kāwanatanga nui rawa o te whenua

Sberbank o Russia (Sberbank o Russia) - te nui i roto i ngā o te institution rawa nama ki te whai wāhitanga kāwanatanga. Mō 60% o nga hea o te whare pūtea no ki te mana, 40% - i roto i te tohanga tūmatanui. I whakapumautia te Russian State Bank i roto i te wā Soviet, engari te ahua o te wahi tūmataiti o te kainga - kotahi o te rawa i roto i te mākete.

Hei tauira, rawa Rosselhozbanka 100% nona Rosimushchestvo (tetahi o nga tinana matua i roto i te hanganga o pareparenga rawa). Ko tētahi atu tauira o te rōpū kāwanatanga nama nui - VTB Bank. Nona Federal Whakahaere Umanga Whare paku neke atu i te 75% o nga hea o te faanahoraa. Tino he wahi nui o e no ki te kāwanatanga, he hoki reira i roto i Gazprombank.

Ko te tūnga motuhake o Vnesheconombank

Vnesheconombank (VEB) - he institution nama e noho he tūranga motuhake i roto i te pūnaha pēke o to tatou whenua. Ko te take i kawea te mahi i roto i kahore te raihana, me te kore he kaupapa ki te mātakitaki, i te tahi atu pareparenga kāwanatanga Russian i ki te mahi ki enei ari. Vnesheconombank neke atu i te 90 nga tau, a i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te ture ko reira he kaporeihana tūmatanui. I roto i te mahi, i te mahi o te whare he nama manakohia. Rerekē o te mahi tahi o pūtahi Vnesheconombank kāwanatanga me ētahi atu nama - Eximbank (whakapumautia ki te tautoko i tāwāhi). Ki te tupu tenei, ka i roto i nga ringa o nga mana ka hei hokohoko-tautoko taputapu ki te awhina o taurangi wāhanga. Heoi, etahi haruru, rite etahi tohunga whakapono, mo tenei ahua o te mahi e taea riro VEB nama tawhito.

Tohunga: kia waiho tahatika kāwanatanga-fatuhia rerekē ngā taumata

tohu tohunga mākete pēke i roto i taua me whai i te whanaketanga o te pūnaha pēke aratohu mārama. Ko tētahi o ēnei tohunga kite te pūnaha o te subordination i waenganui i ngā pūtahi nama o ngā taumata rerekē. No te pareparenga e whai ki te tu i runga i te tūranga runga, Te anihia nei te reira ki te kawe Rosselkhozbank ko RBR ko Bank te Ao. Ka taea te hono o ratou mahi ki te haumarutanga pūtea o te kaupapa here haumi o te whenua, te whanaketanga o te rāngai ahuwhenua.

I te "taumata tuarua" - Sberbank, VTB, VEB ko Eximbank. I roto i ngā, i te mahi Russian Kaunihera Haumarutanga, whakapono tohunga, kia arotahi huri noa i te raruraru e pā ana ki penapena putunga, ka ārai i te roha o wāhanga hokohoko. kia kia Russian āhua-fatuhia pareparenga "taumata tuatoru" i runga i te whakaaro o ngā tohunga ao: .. moni, ki te whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere o utu, me ētahi atu te urunga o tenei kāwai o pareparenga i roto i te rua tuatahi, kia rite ki financiers, kia ārai ātete.

Ko te tōtika o ngā tahataha kāwanatanga-fatuhia

I roto i nga tau tata nei, kawea atu rangahau e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te pūnaha pēke Russian. I roto i tetahi o ratou i whakakitea ai te whai huatanga o pareparenga, tae atu ki te āhua. korenga i hoki te ako me te whakahaere ki te whai wāhitanga ke. pūtahi Credit, i roto i te mahi o ngā tohunga i wehea nga hua ki rima ngā rōpū: pareparenga kāwanatanga-fatuhia, tango ki pūkete te Kaunihera Haumarutanga o te Russian Federation, nga pareparenga kāwanatanga e whai kahore pā ana ki te Kaunihera Haumarutanga o te Russian Federation, tahatika tūmataiti ki te tari pokapū i roto i Moscow ranei i St. Petersburg, pareparenga tūmataiti i roto i te rohe, me te āpiti o ke pūtahi pūtea.

I kitea te reira e te whai hua tino - e ngā i roto i te rōpū ki te Kaunihera Haumarutanga o te Federation Russian pareparenga kāwanatanga-fatuhia Russian. E whakatakoto ana te rārangi i roto i te paearu ngā i roto i te ako, whakapumautia tenei. Ratou kaiwhai tata i runga i te tauine o te kounga o te mahi i tahatika tūmataiti i Moscow. Heoi, ko paku raro atu i te toharite mō te rōpū o te pareparenga nui kotahi tekau i roto i ngā o ngā rawa (engari tonu ki runga ake i te toharite mō te ake i te rima ngā rōpū o pūtahi) te whai huatanga o te Kaunihera Haumarutanga Russian.

te tika o pareparenga kāwanatanga-fatuhia

He maha financiers (me te iwi mau) whakapono e he atu pono atu i te hunga tūmataiti nga tahatika kāwanatanga-fatuhia Russian. Tenei, i roto i te mahi i te mahi o ngä pütahi nama, whänui i roto i te rārangi ki te mooni. Tohunga whakapono e tenei tau kua he whakamārama arorau. Tuatahi, ko te pareparenga kāwanatanga-fatuhia i te utu o nui wheako hītori he taputapu whānui mō te roha rohe me te whakawhirinaki hua kiritaki. Tuarua, kia rite ki financiers, maha sponsors te kāwanatanga kaupapa e kore e hohonu rawa ki te tātari utu-painga, ko te nei tino kore huru o pūtahi nama tūmataiti e. Te toru, ka taea e te pareparenga kāwanatanga-fatuhia utu ki te utu iwi i te taumata utu raro, i roto i piki whānui te tōtika whakahaere o ngā rōpū, me te whakataetae whakaritea ki tahataha tūmataiti.

Tirohanga o pareparenga kāwanatanga-fatuhia

I roto i etahi o nga tohunga mākete pūtea tuhinga rongonui e te rahi o te whai wāhi kāwanatanga i roto i ngā tahataha e āta iti. Heoi, hei utu o whai rawa o pūtahi, ka rapu i te mana ki te whakatinana i te iwi tika i te mana. He hoki te ritenga atu o te tirohanga e kore e te whakaiti o te mana kāwanatanga i roto i te pūnaha pēke i te tirohanga tino korerotia: te take o nga pau o te anga ture. E ai ki te wāhi tuarua o te tirohanga, ka kia whakatinana te hurihanga, ki te, i roto i te meka, whakaata he whakawhiti ōkawa o hea (mahi utu ranei) i waenganui i te ngā pokapū kāwanatanga. I roto i te tahi atu onäianei e tautuhi i te opuaraa o pūtahi nama ki te whai wāhitanga kāwanatanga - te wahi o te Central Bank i te whakahaere o tahatika arumoni.

He he he whakaaro e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te haere atu i te whakapaipai o te Central Bank o tūmataiti pūtahi pūtea rite te tūranga CB rite te rangatira he tika ke ki tona ranei tona mahi ki te tiaki me te mahi i roto i te moni o te ōhanga o te whenua o katoa. Ko te tau i roto i nei kia he tetahi auau kaupapa ki te ripeneta tahataha kāwanatanga o Russia - 2014, he rārangi o whakahounga taea pea ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i te mau api o ngā pepa Central Bank pāpāho motuhake ranei.