Paturopi Beta-lactam: tikanga o te mahi me te whakarōpūtanga

Paturopi - he rōpū o taero ki Etiotropic tikanga o te mahi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te mahi enei taero tika i runga i te take o te mate (i roto i tenei take, ko te moroiti ko te kaihoko fakatupu) me rave i te reira i roto i ara e rua: whakangaro papapūata (microbicides - penicillins, cephalosporins) ranei tautāwhi i to ratou uri (bacteriostatic - tetracyclines, sulfonamides).

He he he nui nui o taero he paturopi, ko te rōpū tino whānui o ratou - ko te beta-lactams tenei. Ko reira e pā ana ki a ratou, a ka kia kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Whakarōpū o paturopi

I runga i te huarahi o te mahi o enei taero e wehea ki ono ngā rōpū matua:

1. Paturopi e tautāwhi i te kōtuitui o ngā wāhanga membrane pūtau: penicillins, cephalosporins, me ētahi atu.
2. Rongoā e ārai i te mahi noa o te taiepa pūtau: polyenes polymyxins.
3. Drugs e tautāwhi i te kōtuitanga pūmua: macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, me ētahi atu.
4. kōtuitanga RNA Inhibitory i taahiraa mahi o te RNA polymerase: rifamycins, sulphonamides.
5. kōtuitanga RNA Inhibitory i taahiraa mahi o DNA polymerase: actinomycins et al.
6. kete DNA blockers: anthracyclines, nitrofurans me etahi atu.

Heoi, e kore te mea tino watea tenei whakarōpū. I roto i te mahi haumanu, i hanga te wehenga e whai ake nei o antimicrobials:

1. Penicillins.
2. Cephalosporins.
3. Macrolides.
4. Aminoglycosides.
5. Polymyxin me polyenes.
6. Tetracyclines.
7. Sulfonamides.
8. pärönaki Aminohinolonov.
9. Nitrofurans.
10. Fluoroquinolones.

paturopi Beta-lactam. Te hanganga me te tikanga o te mahi

Tenei rōpū o taero ki pānga bactericidal me feunga whanui o tohu mo te whakamahi rārangi. paturopi Beta-lactam ngā penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams. Kua āhuatanga katoa o ratou i te pai nui, me te tāoke āhua iti, hanga ratou nga taero tino nuitia whakaritea mo te maimoatanga o maha mate.

Ko te tikanga o te mahi o paturopi beta-lactam tika ki to ratou hanganga. nui rawa taipitopito konei hoki tetahi mea, he mea utu te whakahua anake e pā ana ki te huānga tino nui, i hoatu te ingoa ki te rōpū katoa o taero. Kei roto i te rāpoi ngota o te mowhiti beta-lactam me whakarato te pānga bactericidal korerotia, whakakitea nei e te ārai i te kōtuitui o ngā wāhanga pakitara pūtau o te tukumate. Heoi, E taea e ki te whakaputa i te paru motuhake, e wawahi te hanganga o te mowhiti maha huakita, reira ia hau te rongoā paturopi ko tona patu matua. Ko Ko te aha te whakamahi o te raau taero i roto i te maimoatanga o kahore he tiaki ki beta-lactamases, koretake.

Kei te hoko inaianei atu noa paturopi rōpū beta-lactam, tiaki i te mahi o te whākōkī kitakita. Ratou hanganga ngā matū e ārai i te ariā o te beta-lactamase, pērā i te waikawa clavulanic. tiaki paturopi beta-lactam (pērā i "Amoxiclav") i hanga i taua ara. Ētahi atu inhibitors o te paru kitakita ngā "Sulbactam" me "tazobactam."

Rongoā i te rōpū o penicillins: Papamuri Historical

Teuteu i roto i tenei raupapa, ko te paturopi tuatahi, te pānga haumanu o nei i mohiotia ki te iwi. Hoki te wa roa kua whakamahia whānuitia ratou mo te maimoatanga o tini o nga mate, me nga tau tuatahi o te tono e tata te raau rapaau. Heoi, i te reira hohoro ka mārama e te āta hinga ratou tōtika, pera kahore te kunenga mai o te ao o te huakita e tu tonu. E taea e ki te urutau hohoro ki te momo o ngā āhuatanga matatini o oraraa, hoatu ara ki te whakatupuranga marama o huakita paturopi-ātete moroiti.

Ko te nuinga o te rongoā paturopi arahina ki te tupu tere o taumahatanga kore-haria o papapūata ki a ratou, na i roto i tona puka parakore ko inaianei e whai hua ana raau taero i roto i tenei rōpū, me te kore e whakamahia. Kei te pai whakamahia ratou i roto i ngā ki ngā matū e whakarei ake ratou pānga bactericidal, a ka inhibits hoki tikanga tiaki kitakita.

teuteu rongoā paturopi

Ko te beta-lactam tenei paturopi, te whakarōpū o te mea tino whānui:

1. Ko te penicillins taiao (hei tauira, "rongoā paturopi").
2. Anti-staphylococcal ( "Oxacillin").
3. Penicillins, roa-hihinga ( "Ampicillin" "Amoxicillin").
4. Pseudomonas ( "azlocillin").
5. penicillins Parengia (ngā ki te waikawa clavulanic "sulbactam", "tazobactam").
6. Drugs, tae atu i roto i tona mema i te rongoā paturopi torutoru paturopi.

He tirohanga whānui o taero no ki te rōpū rongoā paturopi

pai e taea e te penicillins tūturu pehi i te mahi o rua karamu-pai, me te karamu-kino microorganisms. O te whakamutunga, te tairongo tino ki tenei rōpū o beta-lactam paturopi streptococcus me take o kiriuhi. Ko te toe huakita ki te rā whiwhi tikanga ārai. He whai hua ki anaerobes :. Clostridial peptokokki, peptostreptokokkov etc penicillins Natural he iti paitini enei taero, me te whai i te maha āhua iti o ngā pānga kōaro, te rārangi o nei heke te nuinga ki tauhohe mate pāwera, ahakoa he tuwhena rawa taea, me te whanaketanga o hukihuki, me te ahua o tohu o paihana i nga whekau o te pūnaha kūnatu.

Mai i te penicillins anti-staphylococcal he uara nui o te rongoā paturopi beta-lactam rite "Oxacillin". Tenei faaineineraa no te tono kuiti, mai i te tikanga reira te nuinga ki te aro S. pene. Ko reira ki tenei tukumate (tae atu ki ngā taumahatanga penitsillinrezistentnyh) "Oxacillin" he whai hua te nuinga. He rite ki te hunga o te tahi atu mau melo o tenei rōpū o taero pānga taha.

He mātātoa ki nga āpiha fakatupu o mate intestinal hoki Penicillins, roa-hihinga motu i te, karamu-kino, me te anaerobic otaota karamu-pai. kihai i ngā pānga taha rerekē i te runga ake, ahakoa e āhuatanga enei taero e te tūponotanga paku teitei o disorders o te pūnaha kūnatu.

hangaia Beta-lactam paturopi "azlocillin" (he fakafofonga o te wha o nga rōpū o penicillins) te ki te mahi ki a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Heoi, i roto i te kau o te tukumate whakakitea ātete ki te raau taero i roto i tenei raupapa, e hanga e kore ratou whakamahi ko na whai hua.

whakahuatia i runga ake penicillins Mō Parengia. Nā ki te meka e ngā enei raau taero i roto i ona matū hanganga e tautāwhi i beta-lactamase whakaputa huakita, he atu whai hua mo te maimoatanga o maha mate ratou.

Ko te rōpū whakamutunga - ko reira he huinga o te maha māngai o rongoā paturopi, e haapuai amui ra mahi tahi e te tahi o.

E wha nga whakatupuranga o huakita whawhai

paturopi Beta-lactam me cephalosporins he. Enei taero, rite rongoā paturopi, hira i roto i to ratou whānui o te mahi me te iti pānga taha tūāwhiorangi.

E wha ngā rōpū (whakatupuranga) cephalosporins:

1. Ko te māngai tino kōhure o te whakatupuranga tuatahi - "Cefazolin" me "Cephalexin". E matua hangaia ratou ki te aro staphylococci, streptococci, meningococci me gonococci, me pera me etahi rauropi karamu-kino.
2. Ko te whakatupuranga tuarua - he "Cefuroxime" beta-lactam paturopi. Tona rohe o kawenga ngā microorganisms te nuinga karamu-kino.
3. "Cefotaxime", "Ceftazidime" - māngai o te toru o nga rōpū o te whakarōpūtanga. He tino whai hua ki enterobacteria ratou, a ka taea e whakangaro i te otaota o te nosocomial (taumahatanga hōhipera o microorganisms).
4. te wha o nga whakatupuranga o te hua matua - ". Cefepime" He nga painga katoa o te raau taero i runga, ano, he tino kainga ki te beta-lactamases huakita me he mahi ki Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cephalosporins me paturopi beta-lactam rite te katoa āhuatanga e te pānga bactericidal korerotia.

No te mea tauhohe kino ki te whakahaere o te raau taero te nuinga aro tika raraunga kanorau mate pāwera (porahurahu i iti ki te ora-whakawehi, pērā i ru anaphylactic), i roto i ētahi wā i te disorders o nga whekau kūnatu.

moni rāhui

"Imipenem" - he rongoā paturopi beta-lactam no ki te rōpū carbapenem. Ia, me te te kore iti rongonui "Meropenem" pānga mahi i runga i ātete ki ētahi atu raau taero i roto i te microflora taea te hoatu te aroaro ara te toru, te wha cephalosporins whakatupuranga.

Beta-lactam paturopi i te rōpū o carbapenems - he tarukino whakamahia i roto i te wā tino kino, ka kore e Nireaha ki te maimoatanga e te tahi atu raau taero tukumate.

Poupou tikanga tau e rua

"Aztreonam" - te māngai tino rangatira o monobactams, Kei te āhuatanga i reira e te tūāwhiorangi āhua kuiti o mahi. he whai hua te nuinga ki takohe karamu-kino tenei paturopi beta-lactam. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e rite te "Imipenem" "Aztreonam" nui kiriuka ki beta-lactamases, e hanga ana e ia te tarukino o kōwhiringa mō ngā momo nui o mate piri e enei tukumate, tautautefito ki he taimi kore maimoatanga atu paturopi.

Ko te tūāwhiorangi o te mahi o paturopi peta-lactam

I roto i te whakarāpopototanga, kia tuhia te reira e whai nga whakatakataka o enei rōpū te pānga i runga i te maha nui o ngā momo o tukumate. Ko te tikanga o te mahi o paturopi beta-lactam taua e rau kahore tupono o ora papapūata: taiepa pūtau te kōtuitanga pā - he kupu mate mo te huakita.

Gram-pai, me te Gram-kino kaiao, takohe me te anaerobic ... enei māngai katoa o otaota pathogenic reira ko te tarukino tino whai hua. O te akoranga, i reira he roto i enei paturopi me taputapu tino motuhake, engari te nuinga o ratou rite ki te whawhai ki te maha āpiha hopuhopu. E taea ki te te tu ara te māngai o otaota nosocomial paturopi Beta-lactam, ko te tino ātete ki te maimoatanga.

He aha te mea te taumahatanga hōhipera?

Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te moroiti e tīariari i roto i ngā pūtahi hauora. Ko te puna o ratou ahua mahi tūroro me ngā kaimahi hauora. Ngā kino huna, ngā momo mangere o mate. Hospital - te wahi tino ki te kohikohi kawe katoa taea o ngā mate hopuhopu. He takahi o ture parukore me tikanga he whenua momona, kua kitea hoki tenei otaota he motuhake mo te oraraa, i reira i taea e ia ora, momo, me te whiwhi ātete ki taero.

taumahatanga hōhipera ātete High matua e tika ana ki te meka e, na ratou hōhipera kaiao, e taea ki te kōrero ki te momo o te raau taero huakita. Noatia, nga pānga o raau taero i runga i kaiao puta i tupono, kahore he ki te whakangaro i te ūnga, ka i roto i pota iti, ka whai wāhi tenei ki te meka e taea māngai o te microflora hōhipera whakawhanake i tētahi tiaki ki tikanga kino mo ki a ratou ako ki te pehi atu i ta ratou. Na puta taumahatanga ki uaua ki taua he tino uaua, a te tahi mau taime te mea te reira e ko te reira e taea.

Kei te ngana paturopi Beta-lactam i roto i te maha o tetahi ara ranei tetahi ki te whakaoti i te rapanga uaua. I roto ia ratou he māngai e taea rawa pai te mahi ki ara te kiriuka tino ki taero huakita. Tenei tarukino rāhui. he iti ratou whakamahi, rite e whakaritea ratou anake, ka te hiahiatia tino reira. Ki te whakamahia ēnei paturopi faufaa ore maha, ka, te nuinga pea, ka mutu te reira i te hinga o ratou tōtika, ka hoki nga huakita i te whai wāhi ki te taunekeneke ki pota iti o enei taero, ki te ako ia ratou, ka whakawhanake huarahi o te tiaki.

A, no te whakahaere paturopi beta-lactam?

Tuhinga mō te whakamahi o tenei rōpū o taero e tika ana matua ki to ratou hihinga o mahi. E kia pai ki te whakarite i te rongoā paturopi beta-lactam i te mate, i tukumate he tairongo ki te mahi o te tarukino.

Kua āta whakaritea Penicillins i te maimoatanga o te pharyngitis, tonsillitis, kakā, ngangana kirika, meningitis endocarditis kitakita, actinomycosis, mate anaerobic, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, mate hopuhopu o kiri me te kopa ngohengohe. Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te raau taero e taea te whawhai ki a Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cephalosporins i te whānuitanga o te mahi rite, a reira tohu mo ratou e tata te taua rite taua hoki penicillins. Heoi, kia mea ai e te whai huatanga o cephalosporins, ngā te rua whakatupuranga whakamutunga, e kore i roto i te tauira i runga ake.

E hangaia Monobactams me carbapenems ki te ārai i te mate tino nui, me te painga treatable, tae atu te hunga meinga e taumahatanga hōhipera. He whai hua i roto i te sepsis me te ru ero hoki ratou.

pānga houhou

Ka rite ki kua kī, kua kitea e te maha āhua iti o ngā pānga kino ki te tinana nga paturopi beta-lactam (taero no ki e whakarārangitia i runga ake i tenei rōpū). e kore e ora-whakawehi haehae Rare me tohu o disorders kūnatu. Ko te tino kino taea e te tauhohenga pāwera nui ki te rongoā i roto i paturopi beta-lactam.

e kore he ora-te whakawehi hikaka, pruritus, Rhinitis me te pīkaru, ahakoa rawa kino. He aha mau te mea ki te kia wehi, no te mea he reira taua tauhohe kino rite angioedema (ina koa i roto i te rohe o te paeoro, haere tahi nei i dyspnea nui tae noa ki te ngoikore manawa), me te ru anaphylactic. Na reira, e taea te whakaurua te tarukino i muri anake e mahi ana whakamātautau mō te mate pāwera.

Taea ripeka-tauhohe. paturopi Beta-lactam, te whakarōpū i titau te aroaro o te tokomaha nui o ngā rōpū o taero, te hanganga rawa rite ki tahi i te tahi, e te tikanga e i roto i te take o te ātete ki te tetahi o ratou, ka kia mohio a katoa atu i te tinana kia rite ki te whakapāwera.

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te āhuatanga e whakanui i te ātete o huakita

Te heke äta i te whai huatanga o te raau taero antibacterial (tae atu ki ngā paturopi beta-lactam) e tika ana ki te faahapa rahi auau, me te maha hē mo te tono. He akoranga oti o maimoatanga, te whakamahi o pota iti whakaora e kore e hāngai ki te whakaora, engari ārai ha faingamālie ki "tereina", ki te whakaaroa me te whakawhanake tikanga o te tiaki ki taero microorganisms. Na ko reira tetahi mea whakamiharo e riro i te muri hua i runga i te wā?

Ahakoa nei paturopi me kahore e tukua mai pharmacies kahore te whakahaunga ki te tiki ia ratou katoa e taea e koe. tikanga o tēnei e E noho i te whaiaro, me te raruraru e pā ana (te whakamahi i te wa katoa te taua tarukino, arumanga poauau o te therapy, inenga hē, me te pera i runga i.), te hanga i te tikanga mo te kai o taumahatanga tarukino-ātete.

Ko reira konei kia noho me te i roto i-hōhipera tipu, he te whai wāhi ki te kaha te kōrero ki ngā taero e whakaaroa ana huarahi hou ki te haukoti i a ratou.

He aha ki te mahi? Kaua e whaiaro medicate-, ki te whakatinana i te tūtohutanga o te rata haere: tangohia te rongoā mō rite te roa rite hiahiatia, a i roto i te pota tika. Ki te otaota nosocomial ki te whawhai, o te akoranga, ake uaua, engari tonu taea. Ko te tightening o paerewa hauora me ratou whakatinanatanga tino e whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hanga tikanga pai mo te tupuranga o otaota ātete.

He kupu torutoru i roto i te mutunga

He kaupapa tino whanui - paturopi beta-lactam. Pūtaiao (pūtaiao o ngā rongoā me ratou mana ki runga ki te rauropi) whakatapua ratou e rave rahi mau pene e ngā kore anake te āhuatanga whānui o te rōpū, engari i roto i hoki he whakaahuatanga o te pai o ona māngai mohiotia. e kore te ana tēnei tuhinga tikanga ki te kia whānui, engari whakamātau ki te whakauru i te ngā, kia mohio ai o enei rongoā he tika.

E noho hauora me te e kore wareware: i mua i te whakamahi i tenei ranei āta lau e rongoā paturopi enei tohutohu, me te tino whai i te tūtohutanga, ranei pai ano, kōrero ki te mātanga.