Pehe Russian Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev: poto haurongo, auaha me te kōrero ora

whanau te Minita o te Ture, he Statesman rangatira, me te rohi pehe nui i roto i Simbirsk, i roto i te utuafare u. ko tona ingoa Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. haurongo poto parau te aamu o te ora wawe kaua taimaha, me te mahi. Ko te āhua o ana matua i inoino tutu Pugachovskim, na i ma wha, ka Ivan te mau ropu semenov.

tamarikitanga

tupu Boy ake i roto i te kainga e tata ana Syzran, iti ako i roto i Kazan ko Simbirsk, te wahi i noho ai ia i roto i ngā kura, engari e kore e te te tama a te whānau unuhia whakangungu, ka hoki Ivan ki te kainga, te wahi ki te whakaoti i ta ratou mātauranga i runga i to ratou ake. Hei tauira, taukei ia te reo Wīwī, tika pānui me liliu katoa o ngā kōrero i roto i te whare pukapuka matua. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, he haurongo poto e kore e taea e e hāngai e rua o maitai o te rohi pehe teina, ko te pūtake rawa.

I roto i ngā, pai ia tito o La Fontaine, i whakamaoritia e ia e kore e anake nga descenders, engari hangaia ano hoki te toi, me te rotarota. Na matenui ana tito, tamata ia ki te tito a ratou ia. I roto i te 1774, ka ui Ivan ki te mahi i roto i te hoia semenov, te wahi i tuhia ai e rua tau ki muri, a ka mahue ia mo St Petersburg.

He tino aroha o te ngahau, engari rawa fakatonutonu'i hoa tangata taitama, he kaikauhau pakiwaitara whakamiharo, a tae noa te pehe. Ko te kōrero roa taea korero ia e whai kiko ana, engari i te wa ano ko te tino poto. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, he haurongo poto mohiotia nei tae noa ki kura whakauaua tika arotakea e matou to'ume'á, no te mea noa i taua wa tupu te reo Russian hou i roto i o te mea tatou i teie nei e karanga i te tawhito.

Fakaākongá me te timatanga o te ara auaha

I te 1783 ka hoki ia ki a St Petersburg NM Karamzin. tutaki Ivan ki te kaituhi ki nei wehi tata i roto i, kei te maha tutaki ratou, ka korero e pā ana ki te pukapuka ratou i kite, haere tahi te whare tapere, te whakaaroaro putanga o its makasiní. I muri i te i tino whakaturia Karamzin whiti te "Moscow Journal", i reira i whakaputaina Dmitrieva.

Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich whakaatu (1760-1837) haurongo poto e ko he akonga o N. M. Karamzina ia. Whakawa i nga tuhituhi, ko ia i roto i ara maha, me ana kau muimuí. I te 1777 ka timata ia i tona ara whiti, ka whakaputaina "St. Petersburg kaipūtaiao Gazette" tona pehepehe tuatahi. Heoi, te rohipehe ia kihai i whakaaro tenei te timatanga: mea katoa i tuhituhi ia ki te aroaro o 1791, ka karanga ingoa rime kau.

rongo tuhi

Ko te waiata, "te tangi kukupa kukupa", riro ia taua rongonui i roto i te 1792, e kore i taua he tangata ki te kia tano. Hoki Sapphire korero "Wife huatau" Kei te hoki rawa whānui kōrero i roto i te tuhituhi o. Dmitriev ko te rangatira mōhiotia o irava tairongo, nga mea katoa o te rotarota whenua - epigrams, madrigals, tika tapanga. Ia i tuhituhi ano pūhohe me tito, e e pai ki te whakarongo me te taki i te iwi whānui Russian.

To tatou to'utangata ko reira utu mahara e, ahakoa whakamahia haupū Dmitriev tawhito Derzhavin o te rau tau tekau ma waru, engari hopoi mai te reira i ki te tuhinga Russian te rota o tona ake me te hou rawa, pērā i te kōrero whiti, korokë, tūemi whare (Kāore i roto i mua "kāhua teitei"), a kahore mahi shied atu i te tini o te ora e kore e i rawa moku, ki te rotarota o te wa ahau. Ko te reo, ae, tawhito-pupuku, me whakarite, e Me ki matakawa āta, me te ofi titorehanga, ahakoa ki i Nēpia katoa e kāhua me ngingila.

rangahau pakiwaitara

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, ki te taunga katoa tae tona ngakau Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. parau haurongo poto tatou e te vai nei te kotahi anake te kura i roto i i poto ana mea katoa tona ora, me tenei kura - iwi toi. Mai tamarikitanga, i ngā ia waiata Russian, tamata noa ia ki te hanga ia ngā kohinga. haapii e ia nga tuhinga, tamau aau ratou āhuatanga, hanganga, hanganga, ngā kupu.

Mahalo i āwhina tenei tuhituhi waiata e waiata i roto i nga ruma ora, "Sizyi kukupa", "Kati, horomia ..." "Aue, ka i matau ahau ki te aroaro o ..." Dmitriev. Ko katoa ratou tino rite ki te peehia o nga waiata tawhito. I hanga te putanga tuhituhi o ratou novellicheski, e ko, narratively, ki whakaari maeneene i roto i te irava ata, mana'o ngohengohe, pouri te marama-tae. Ko hoki reira no te mea i to'utangata roto i te ngakau, e o rotarota a Dmitriev kua ngaro roughness me koinga o kīanga iwi Russian. I roto i ana tuhinga i tuhituhi hihiko me te tata tonu ki te waiata i taua kaitito o rongonui rite Verstovsky, Dubyansky, Zhuchkovsky.

Ko te kohikohinga tuatahi o waiata

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, he haurongo poto e parau te aamu o mua tona whakakatakata pai, me te ngawari, whakaputaina tona kohinga i roto i te 1796, ka huaina a reira "Na aku trinkets" i muri i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka a Karamzin "aku trifles". Na ataahua, rite he kata, ka mea ia, e tonu whakaaro ia ia he akonga o te rangatira nui.

"Tohi Hiva Pocket" e i wehea e toru nga wahi: Ko te wāhanga tuatahi - te kaituhi o te waiata, te taketake (GR Derzhavin, vv Kapnist, M. M. Heraskov, II Dmitriev, IF Bogdanovich me ētahi atu ); tuarua te wāhanga - pee i te reka rongonui; tuatoru - pono lyrics faufau.

Tenei iwi pūhui, tuhituhi, me te tukinotia waiata pono tuhituhi i roto i te oko kotahi, ka tohua haurongo Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha. Whakarāpopototanga o nga waiata i te pene o te kaituhi - taupatupatu o tenei kohinga, ka taea e koe haere i tenei ara: Ua haapapu ratou puna inexhaustibility hanga iwi waiata. tangi ratou rite te waiata tonu taonga o Russia: kōrero, ngā kupu, ka kia tika whakapakoko o ana waiata mo te wa roa ki a tatou rite te tohu o te wa tahuri o mahue te reo.

sentimentalism

I te tahuri o te rau tau i roto i Russia kua tae mai te au tuhituhi hou - sentimentalism. Classicism āta tango tūranga i roto i Europe, tuhinga, waiata, te peita i taua wa i haere te oto i roto i te ora tāone tata me te civilisation i roto i te whānui. Na ko nui ofi ki te naturalness tūturu, he aha toutou faahiti te haurongo o Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha to tatou pehe.

Tuhinga sentimentalism: mana'o, e kore feruri ki te karakia, parakore me te humarie. Kua tahuri Here me Russian kaituhi ki te natura, Karamzin ko Dmitriev, tata mau huringa Pākehā katoa i i ki te arahi i te aronga hou. Heoi, hohoro hoatu ake ki runga ki a ia, ka oho atu.

Mai i waiata - odes ki

kawea waiata iwi ia peehia rongonui o te rohi pehe, engari tino kihai i makona ia, ko te momo rawa whaiaro kore-, me te pouri, hiahia tūturu i roto i te waiata iwi, kihai i rawe ki ki tenei tangata mahorahora.

Ko Dmitriev he tangata o koa, engari kahore te unruliness, kaiahuwhenua viivii, me te uaua ki iti. I whakaatu tenei me te taua tangata tino morare rite Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, he haurongo poto. Creativity korero hoki ano, ahakoa i ētahi wā e whakapohehe te kaipānui. Hei tauira, ina pānui ia whiti Dmitrieva i nga ahuareka, waina, me te pārekareka te tupuhi, e kore te mea e pā ana ki te kaituhi. Ko te takoha ki te ahua o te wa. Ko te kaituhi o Bohemia i, me te kore "moe".

Na ka tuku Dmitriev ki odes, te hanga i te momo tino rerekē o reira, kihai i rite ki Lomonosov, i aru tonu katoa me. Ko te pane odes Dmitrieva ngaro, engari tonu pathos tiketike. Ko te ode "I te Täingäwai" enei, "Ermak", "Liberation o Moscow". riro kupu Poetic atu māori, i reira he lyricism, he konei reira e pae hopea pihi witi a muri elegies, a pea o romanticism Russian katoa.

Fabulist me pakiwaitara

Dmitriev - te rohi pehe rawa matamaha. Hinga i roto i te aroha ki a La Fontaine mai tamarikitanga, ia ahakoa "waihanga" te fabula matarohia, ka puta te reira ki a ia he momo tauira ko te pakiwaitara Russian, te wahi hei utu o te moralism mua tangi tūranga o te kaituhi ki tona mata whaiaro o te tirohanga. Ko te āhua o te atamai, i roto i tenei momo, kua taonga ia te tākaro kōmeke tinihanga fakaofoofa. Tenei fabula, hei tauira, ko te "Bee, pī rorohū ko ahau". Fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, he haurongo poto nei tenei faahiti rawa, kua whakahaere ki te riro i te pionie i roto i momo katoa, hoki i mea ai ia.

Na tales Dmitrieva kahore fabulousness, he aha te mea te reira te korero patupaiarehe? Ko te pūrākau irava rawa atamai unu i tona hurihuri tenei. "Fairy Tale", "Pikitia", "Wife huatau" - katoa o e kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i tenei ara. fakamatala'i te rohi pehe i enei tales mahi no te mea kihai ratou i hiahia ki te take he mai ratou, katia ana pūhohe i roto i te tikanga ki te faaiti i, na roto i te whakaingoa anō i te reira ki te korero patupaiarehe.

Afterword

Kua kōrero Dmitrieva whakamahia e maha atu kaitito me kaituhi. Hei tauira, tuhituhi A. S. Pushkin ko Ivan i tona "tamahine a Kāpene". Image Grinyova ki te tupu i te rohi pehe takitahi mai tamarikitanga tuhia i roto i te ropu. Dmitriev hoki ka mea te rohipehe nui me Pugachev utu, i kite ai ia ia. A ara "matua keke te nuinga o ngā ture tika" - ano Rimitiriu, a ia i te tamahine, whare fariiraa, me te te akonga. Te auhoaraa nui ko Dmitriev ahau S Vasiliem Lvovichem - matua keke o Alexander.

Mō Dmitriev rite te reforomatio, tuhituhi VG Belinsky, whakaaro reira te reo pūtāuta, me ki Karamzin Karamzin anake i tenei i roto i te tuhi, a tīmata Dmitriev te mahi i roto i te irava o Pushkin. tuhituhi Zhukovsky e whakaturia te reka tųpuna, Russian Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich. haurongo poto mō ngā tamariki parau tenei rawa. i hari, tari tona whakarau, haere maitai mea, me ka tangohia e hua wahi i waho te pana iti i tona taha. Heoi, i te waimarie pai i piri tikanga rangatira, faitotonú, ohaoha, tika, mahi pakeke me te rapu tonu mō ngā ara hou.