Polymorphism - he aha te mea te reira? polymorphism ira

polymorphism ira - he huru i roto i nei i reira ko te momo roa o ira, ko te auau o te ira tino uaua tupu i roto i te taupori o neke atu i te kotahi ōrau. Te pupuri i te reira he tika ki te irakētanga tamau o ira, me te ratou tauhono tamau. E ai ki te rangahau, te pūtaiao nei whakahaere te polymorphism ira he whānui, no te mea e taea ngā ira e rave rahi miriona.

supply nui

Mai i te supply nui o polymorphism tei reira ki runga i te urutaunga pai o te taupori ki te taiao hou, a i roto i tenei take, ko te nui tere te kukuwhatanga. He aromatawai o te katoa maha o ngā irarā Polymorphic te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ira tuku iho, i reira he kahore pea mahi. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i kawea te aroaro o te ira ngā i roto i te tohuira e i roto i na roto i te whiti takitahi e whai rerekē āhuatanga tohuāhua genome tautuhi tenei. Ki te matau koutou ki te nui o te tetahi taupori Kei mau taata ki tohuāhua rerekē, riro te reira taea ki te whakaturia te maha o ngā irarā e pā te hanganga o te huru.

Pehea te reira katoa i timata?

timata Genetics ki tupu i roto i te 60-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, ko reira ka e anga ana ki te kia whakamahia electrophoresis o pūmua whākōkī ranei i te rā, i tukua ki a tatou whakatau i te polymorphism ira. He aha te mea tenei tikanga? Ko reira i roto i ai reira nekehanga o pūmua i roto i te mara hiko, e tei runga i te rahi o te pūmua kawea, tona whirihoranga, me te tiaki kupenga i roto i te wāhanga rerekē o te rā. Na, i runga i te wāhi me te maha o nga wahi e puta kawea whakatau tāutu taonga rānei. Hei arotake i te polymorphism pūmua i roto i te taupori, ko te mea e tika ana ki te titiro e pā ana ki 20, neke atu rānei te huanui. Na, te whakamahi i te tikanga pāngarau whakaritea e te maha o ngā irarā, me te ōwehenga o te tai'ata e me heterozygotes. E ai ki ngā akoranga, kia kia etahi ira monomorphic, me etahi atu - tino polymorphous.

momo o te polymorphism

Ko tino whānui te ariā o te polymorphism, ngā reira putanga tauwhirowhiro me whārite. Tei te reira i runga i te uara o te ira whiriwhiri me te kōwhiringa tūturu, e e pēhanga ki runga ki te taupori. I tua atu, ka taea e te mea he ira, me te pūira.

Gene me te pūira polymorphism

aroaro Gene polymorphism te i roto i te irarā o neke atu i te kotahi tauira pirimia o tenei e taea e te toto te tinana. Pūira tohu nga rerekētanga i roto i te pūira e puta tika ki hape. I roto i te rohe heterochromatin reira he rerekētanga. I roto i te ngaro o te māuiuitanga e tika ana ki te tauwhatinga whakangaromanga o taua irakētanga ranei he kūpapa.

polymorphism whakawhiti

puta polymorphism Tauwhiro ka he taupori ko te irarā whakakapinga, e kotahi ko te mua, tetahi e whakarato ana tona kaimau urutau nui (i huaina ano hoki allelism maha). A, no te whakahaua te momo te nekehanga i roto i te ōrau o ngā tohuira, puta reira e tika ana ki te kukuwhatanga, ka kawea ona dynamics te roto. Ko te āhuatanga o te machinery ahumahi taea e te tauira pai, e tohu te polymorphism tauwhirowhiro. He aha te mea te reira whakaatu he pūrerehua ohie e kua puta ke ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi ma ona parirau ki runga ki pouri. ka anga ki te hei maharatanga i roto i Ingarangi, te wahi neke atu i te 80 ngā momo o ngā pūrerehua tenei āhuatanga he maha purehurehu ka pouri o te tae kirīmi ha ma, mo te wa tuatahi i kite i muri i 1848 i roto i Manchester i te hononga ki te whanaketanga tere o te ahumahi. Kua i roto i 1895, kua riro atu i te 95% o nga pepe te tae pouri o te parirau. E pā ana taua huringa ki te meka i ka rākau pūrerehua taonga ngāwari me blackbirds robin atu auahi, me te kanapa. Kua riro huringa wahi i te utu o nga ngā irarā mutant melanistic.

polymorphism whārite

Ko te wā "polymorphism tautika" faaite te ngaro o tetahi ōwehenga neke tau o te puka rerekē i roto i te taupori o ngā tohuira e he kainga i roto i te tikanga o te nohonga. Tenei te tikanga e i tetahi whakatupuranga ki te ōwehenga tonu te taua, engari kia rerekē paku i roto i te uara i homai, i te mea tamau. I roto i rite ki te whakawhiti, te polymorphism whārite - he aha te mea te reira? Ko matua ia he tukanga whanaketanga pateko. I. I. Shmalgauzen i 1940 hoatu ki a ia te ingoa o te tauritenga heteromorphism.

TAUIRA polymorphism whārite

He tauira pai o te polymorphism taurite kia te aroaro o nga tane e rua i roto i te maha kararehe monogamous. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e whai ratou he ōrite painga whiriwhiri tenei. Ko te ōwehenga o ratou i roto i te taupori kotahi rite tonu. Ki te kahore he kia waimaero te taupori o te vahine ōwehenga whiriwhiri o tane e rua, i roto i nei take e taea e te māngai o te sex taua rānei rawatia whakangaromia nekehia i te whakaputa uri ki te whānuitanga nui atu te takoto te ritenga ranei.

Ko tētahi atu tauira e kia te rōpū toto o te pūnaha AB0. I roto i tenei take, kia kia rerekē te auau o te tohuira rerekē i roto i ngā taupori rerekē, engari ki runga ki te par ki taua i whakatupuranga ki whakatupuranga, e kore te reira e taui i tona ōritetanga. Mämä noa iho, kahore he tohuira e kore painga whiriwhiri i runga i te tahi atu. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, tangata nei i te rōpū tuatahi o te toto i te tümanako ora ki runga ake i te toenga o te takoto kaha ki ētahi atu rōpū toto. I runga i te par ki tenei, te mōrea o te mate whewhe keté 12 whewhe duodenal i roto i te aroaro o te rōpū tuatahi i runga, engari e taea te pūwatawata reira, a ka waiho taua mea hei take o te mate i roto i te take o te mutunga o āwhina.

taurite ira

kia takahia tenei embrittlement i roto i te taupori rite ki te hua o irakētanga puta noa, ko te kupu kia waiho ratou ki te wahi motuhake, me te i roto i ia whakatupuranga. Kua whakaaturia Studies e polymorphisms o ira o te pūnaha hemostatic, wetemuna e homai ki te mahino whai wāhi te tukanga whanaketanga ki enei huringa ranei, hei kōrero, ārai tino nui. Ki te whai tatou i te akoranga o te tukanga mutant i roto i te taupori hoatu, ko reira taea hoki ki te whakawa tona uara mō te urutaunga. Ka taea e te reira rite ki tetahi, ki te kore e te irakētanga i roto i te tukanga whiriwhiri waho, me nga tutukitanga ki tona horapa ki reira.

whakaatu nuinga o te wā e te uara o iti iho i te kotahi ira, a i roto i te take o te kore o nga mutants ki te whakaputa uri ki reira katoa mai ki raro ki te 0. irakētanga o tenei ahua e kahakina peka i roto i te tukanga o te kōwhiringa māori, engari e kore e tenei aukati i te huringa toutou o te ira kotahi e tikanga ai mo te whakakorenga o kawea e te roto i te taha kōwhiringa. Na ka te tae te taurite, ka taea e te ira mutated puta, ranei, hei kōrero, ki te ngaro. arata'i tēnei tukanga ki te taurite.

He tauira e taea mārama tohu te mea kei te tupu, - anemia pūtau toronaihi. I roto i tenei take, i te ira mutated tino i roto i te āhua iraruarite whai wāhi ki te mate wawe o te rauropi. ora kaiao iraruakē, engari he ratou ngoikore ake ki te mate o te malaria. Whārite ira polymorphism anemia pūtau toronaihi taea te kite i roto i te mara o te horapa o mate pārūrū. I roto i te taupori taua o homozygotes e whakakorea (takitahi ki ira rite), me te kōwhiringa tika i roto i te manakohia o heterozygotes (ika ki ira rerekē). Nā ki te kōwhiringa o te mea kei te tupu i te kanorau i roto i te puna ira o te taupori e haere ana ki te mau tonu i roto i nga whakatupuranga o nga tohuira, e whakarato i te urutau pai o te kaiao ki te tikanga kaiao. Āpiti atu ki te aroaro o te ira anemia toronaihi pūtau-i roto i te taupori tangata, i reira e te tahi atu momo o ira characterizing te polymorphism. He aha homai? Ko te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai, ka hei te āhuatanga o te heterosis.

irakētanga iraruakē me polymorphisms

polymorphism iraruakē whakarato kore huringa tohuāhua i roto i te aroaro o te irakētanga ngoikore, ara, ki te he kino ratou. Otiia i runga i te par ki e taea e ratou kohikohi i roto i te taupori ki ngā taumata tiketike e kia nui te irakētanga ngoi kino.

Sine kore qua o te tukanga whanaketanga

He tonu te tukanga whanaketanga, a me whai i tona huru te polymorphism. He aha te mea te reira - heheu te urutau tamau rerekē taupori ki to ratou taiao. kaiao Hetero e ora i roto i te rōpū taua ai kia i roto i te āhua iraruakē ka haere i runga i i whakatupuranga ki te whakatupuranga mō ngā tau e maha. I runga i te par ki te faaiteraa tohuāhua o ratou e kore e taea e - i te utu o te rahui nui o rerekētanga ira.

ira pūtaitoto

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, tukinotia nga kairangahau pūwētoto ira polymorphism rite te huru mua mo te whanaketanga o te patunga rere pūroto. Otiia i te kau ki te mua i te take i roto i nei āhuatanga ira, me te riro e taea ia faaitoito ratou mana ki runga ki te whanaketanga o te mate. Tenei ahua o te patu whanake tika ki Thrombosis o pera haaparuparu, a na ako i te polymorphism ira o pūtaitoto, taea matau tokomaha o nga tukanga e pa e taea te ārai te mate. E pā ana rerekētanga ā-ira, me te toto tawhā matüora tēnei wā painga i matau e te pūtaiao. ka whakaawe anō rangahau te akoranga o te mate, te huri tona akoranga ranei noa ki te whakatupato ia i te wā wawe o te whanaketanga.