Pūmau a ngā utu tāupe ... He aha utu tāupe ngā te whārangi toenga

Katoa utu o te hinonga kua wehea ki tāupe me whakaritea. takoto te rerekētanga matua i roto i te meka e te tahi mau huringa ki te hua i roto i te hanga rōrahi, me etahi atu - e kore. Heoi, nga utu i whakaritea, me te tāupe ngā utu e pā ana ki te putanga me tona whakatinanatanga. Ki runga ki whakamutunga o nga utu o te mahi ahumahi riro me riro te kore. A feruri e ngā nga utu tāupe. Ka hoki kia whakaaturia utu tauira i roto i te tuhinga.

ka whakapikia

utu tāupe ngā:

1. Hoko me te tohatoha whakapaunga (moni i runga i te whakatinanatanga o te hoko kaiwhakahaere me ētahi atu utu, me te te%, kamupene raritet utua).
2. Ko te utu utu o nga taonga tukua.
3. kaimahi mahi tiaturi (wahi utu, e tei runga i ngā paerewa e mahi).
4. Ko te utu o te wahie, rauemi mata, pūngao, me te tahi atu rauemi whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi production.

ngā ano utu tāupe etahi takoha: Takahanga, mau ohipa Ekisia, utu i runga i ngā tohu STS UST.

Ko te whakaaro o te tātai

Hoki ia take, ki te tohu o te ariā hiahia ranei kite ratou tikanga ōhanga. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te whakaaro o te hinonga, he ratou, i roto i te whānui, e rua: utu hekenga ake i moni ranei. I roto i generalizing enei ariā panga o moni (moni) o te kamupene. Ka whai i te teitei te tokomaha, te pūmau atu ko te tūnga pūtea o te kamupene, atu whai wāhitanga ki te kukume te tarahuraa atu, ki te whakawhānui i hangarau, me te hanga raukaha. Ko te kamupene i roto i tenei take, ko te ki te whakapiki ake i tona ake uara i te mākete, ki te whakarei ake i te painga haumi. Ko te wehenga o ngā utu o te hinonga whakamahia i roto i kaute whakahaere. Me ki mohio ki ta nga utu tāupe ngā kaiwhakahaere o te kamupene. Raina, i runga i nei kitea te rōpū te utu kore i roto i te tauākī pūtea. Whakatau i te rahi o enei utu i roto i te hanganga katoa ka taea hoki tātaritanga o te kamupene. Guide, i mohio hoki e ngā nga utu tāupe, i runga i te pauna o te whakapaunga, me te moni taea ki te whakaaro rautaki whakahaere rerekē ki te whakapiki ake i moni o te kamupene ko te.

Production me te whai noa ake rōrahi

Hei mahino pai aha te utu tāupe ngā, engari kia whakaaro ratou wehenga i runga i te hunga atu huru ranei rānei. E ai ki te hanga me te hoko rōrahi o te tuku:

1. utu Proportional. I roto i te tātaitanga mā te whakamahi i te tau whakarea o elasticity 1. Te nui ake i roto i ngā utu tāupe whakamana te i roto i te ōwehenga tika ki te whakapiki ake o te rōrahi production. Hei tauira, ko te whakamutunga nui haere e 30%, aua, ka whakapiki ake i te utu i te nui taua.
2. utu Progressive. Factor konei> e tino tairongo ki huringa i roto i te rōrahi o te putanga koloa utu 1.Peremennye. e kia āhua teitei He utu hua. Hei tauira, te rōrahi nui haere e 30%, i utu - e 50%.
3. utu Degressive. Factor hoki ratou <1. I roto i te take o te hua i roto i te hanga rōrahi, kua heke utu. Kei te tuku i tēnei āhuatanga ki rite "öhanga o te tauine" ranei "te pānga o te hanga papatipu." Hei tauira, te rōrahi production nui haere e 30%, i utu - 15 anake%.

Me pēhea te ki te whakaiti i ngā utu?

Ka rite tetahi o nga kōwhiringa mō te whakaiti i te utu tāupe kia paingia te whakamahi o "pānga tauine". puta ia ki te hua i roto i te hanga pukapuka me te whakawhiti i te puranga ki production papatipu o ngā hua. E ai ki te hōtaka "pānga tauine" Ka taea te kite e ki te whakanui ake tuku rahi tae te tetahi wāhi. Te reira i ti'aturiraa i waenganui i te rahi o ngā utu me te hanga kaha riro nonlinear. I te tere i taua i nei i reira ko te huringa o utu tāupe, raro atu i te tere o te tupu o te issuance / hoko o taonga. Ko te take mo te putanga o taua pānga ngā:

1. Whakaitinga i roto i whakahaere whakapaunga kaimahi.
2. Ko te whakamahi o ngā whanaketanga pūtaiao i roto i te whakapai ake hangarau.
3. Whāiti o te whāiti hua. I arotahi i runga i te hanga o te whakatinanatanga matatini o te maha o ngā mahi motuhake ake te kounga mahi me te whakaiti i te maha o te faaipoiporaa.
4. Te tuku i rite i roto i te mekameka hangarau o te hua, atu aravihi production.

tohu pateko

I runga i tenei kaupapa e wehea nga utu ki:

1. General.
2. Toharite.

Common utu tāupe ngā utu katoa e pā ana ki tenei kāwai o te whānuitanga katoa o taonga. Hei kawe utu toharite o te 1 kōwae. hua rōpū hua ranei.

kaute pūtea

A amo i kaute, tohatoha:

1. utu Direct. Ēnei utu tāupe ngā nga utu e taea te pēnei ki te utu o te taonga. Ēnei ngā rauemi, utu pūngao, rauemi raw, utu, wahie, me te pera i runga i.
2. ngä utu käore i. whakawhirinaki ratou i runga i te rōrahi production, kia he uaua ki te whakatau tata ratou takoha ki te utu production. he āhuatanga taua mo te tauira puta i roto i te wehenga o te waiu i roto i hanga ki te kirīmi me te hua tere.

Ko te ōwehenga o te tukanga

E ai ki tenei paearu tohatoha utu tāupe o te hanga me te momo production-kore. E pā ana te mua ki te tukanga tuku hua ano. Ēnei utu tāupe ngā nga utu o ngā rauemi, rauemi mata, rauemi pūngao me te wahie, utu kaimahi ', a pera i runga i. utu kore-production kore e pā ana hāngai ki te hanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, utu transportation, kōmihana ki māngai me ētahi atu whakapaunga whakahaere, me te hoko.

tātaitanga

rite tenei titiro te tātai:

- Utu = utu Tāupe mō rauemi raw + + Fuel + hiko + moni ki te s / n +% o te whakatinanatanga.

Hoki, ka taea te tātai tohu e whai ake:

- utu taūpe = matotoru (haurokuroku) moni - utu i whakaritea.

ira Whatiia-noa

A feruri i te tūranga o te utu tāupe rite takoto. Tei wāhi Whatiia-ara i runga i enei utu. Ki runga ki pa he tetahi rōrahi production inaianei mai te kau o te toenga. I tenei wāhi, te nui o te parekura, me hua ira. moni kupenga i te wa ano e rite ki te 0, ka tawhē - whakaritea ngā utu. E whakaatu ana tēnei wāhi i te taumata production tino iti i ai whakaaro te kamupene kei te ki kia-utu whai hua. misioni o te kamupene - ki te hanga i te rohe haumarutanga me ki te hanga i tētahi taumata o te hanga me te hoko o ngā hua e e whakarato i te tawhiti mōrahi i te kau o te whati-noa. Ka haere tonu te kamupene i tenei wāhi, te teitei tona pūmautanga pūtea, moni, whakataetae. Ki te hua i roto i ngā utu tāupe, neke tenei wāhi te.

āhuatanga nui

Ko te tauira kōrero i runga te tikanga mahi e rārangi here i waenganui i te rōrahi production me te pai / utu. I roto i te mahi, e nonlinear maha enei hononga. Tenei āhuatanga Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te mana o ngā āhuatanga i runga i te rahi putanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Tau takoto o te tono.
• hangarau tīpakongia.
• Ko te mahi o te whakataetae.
• Takoha.
• tohu Macroeconomic.
• "Economies o tauine".
• Moni, me te pera i runga i.

Ki te whakarite i te tika o te tauira, kia tono ai i roto i te wā poto ki te whakapai kanohi ki ngā hua ki te tono pūmau.