Pūtaiao tōrangapū Mark Urnov: haurongo, ngā mahi, me ngā meka ngā

Hoki neke atu i te rua tekau tau, Mark Urnov, tetahi o nga kaitätari tōrangapū Russian tino rongonui, kua oti te rangahau i te pūnaha kāwanatanga o to matou whenua, Waitohungia reira ngā kaupapa, me te whakahaere rangahau o te taupori. Hua o tona mahi i hanga te pūtake o te momo o ngā rautaki e pā te raruraru o te hanga i te matatika rangatōpū me te whakangungu te ārahitanga i roto i te whakatupuranga o muri me te hanganga o te whiriwhiri noa-whakaaro.

biography

Mark Urnov I whānau i roto i te tau 1944 i roto i Moscow ki te hapu o kaitapere a te ahupūngao, i He tika ki te whanautanga o tana tama i takoha ki poroporoaki te whare matakitaki. mahi Matua mō te maha o nga tau i runga i whārahi irahiko i roto i te whare kati. fehangahangai tamaiti Early ki nga ngā whakahēnga tōrangapū o pou-pakanga Russia. maha Senior Urnov korerotia ki ahau pehea e tukinotia ana, me te tahi atu ratou, nga Hurai, te pana whawhati tata o ngā māngai o te iwi whiriwhiri ki Siberia.

Mai i te tamarikitanga Mark Urnov hua'tu whakakahore nga painga katoa o te ora Soviet atu radically rerekē i te whānau, kia rite ki nga tona whaea, papa me te teina kaitautoko ngakau nui o te Communism. I roto i tona makanga o nga whakaaro o te hapori, ko ia kia rite ki te koroua nei ko te tauira me te i roto i tata mawhiti ki Kolchak i roto i te Pakanga Civil.

hanganga

Mark Urnov, tona haurongo e kia oti, kahore he whakahua o tenei wāhanga nui i roto i te hanganga o tona huru, i roto i te kura tiketike ako ia i te kura tinana, me te pāngarau faahiahia. I roto i nga taiepa o tenei institution kua whakawhanakehia tētahi taiao ohaoha mīharo: kaiako whakaurua ratou mau paroita ki te masterpieces o tuhinga ao, me te kore i kauwhau Marxism. I roto i te kura nui te wairua o te tino rangatiratanga, me te Tuhinga hinengaro i kingi ai ia.

Tenei totohe i waenganui i te Māoritanga o te hapori, me te tirohanga unobstructed o te pato'iraa, a poipoia ana te mea ka Urnov Mark. tonu e ia tona mātauranga i te Moscow State Institute o Relations International (MGIMO), i reira, i roto i nga kupu o te pūtaiao tōrangapū, i te pae hopea i matau ia te āhua pono o take i roto i to ratou whenua. I muri i te wairua ohaoha o te kura nui, te whakaaro kāreti ki a ia he "kararehe".

Ahakoa o te mauahara o te ōhanga, puta ia i te Faculty o International Economic Relations me tuhinga o ariki. Ahakoa Na, te tangata taitamariki he ngākau nui i roto i te taea o ngā matakite, e hāngai ana i runga i raraunga tauanga.

Experience o rangahau oraraa totiare

I roto i perestroika Mark Urnov tuatahi whakahaere rangahau taupori, tae atu ki ngā tōrangapū. tīmata ia ki te Institute, te wahi mahi tona teina. Fakataha tapaea e ratou physicists ki te whakaoti i te pātai poto. Ko nga hua o te kore tona i te tino miharo, me te mataku e noa konei, i roto i te whiriwhiri mahara o te whenua i roto i nga Rīpera rawa nei i ki te huri i Russia. kihai i kaiurupare farii i a kihai i kite i te haere noa e haere mai, engari wehi o te heke mai o te heke mai manapori.

Mai i tona mahi tuatahi i hanga Urnov Marc Yu te mutunga nui e te mea e kore ano Russia rite mo te wae hou o te hapori. Me i reira ka tīmata ia ki te matau i te raruraru taketake o te whakatupuranga tuatahi o Rīpera - te whakapono i roto i te semeio. Gorbachev ko Yeltsin kuware ki te titau e ki te makanga o te iwi katoa o te tukufakaholo Soviet ka whakatika, i tahaki whakawhanake mahara tōrangapū, me te Te Hau-ā-uru ki te aroha ka whakatuwhera ona tatau i raro i hanga, a ka tauturu i te āhua.

Hanga ratou ake tikanga

I muri i te wheako tuatahi o te uiui Mark Urnov hiahia ake i roto i te tāutu i ngā raruraru o te hapori Russian. No te whakarite outlook o mua ki te Māoritanga o te iwi o te rongo mau Europe, he reira te tahi mau taime whakamahia tikanga ke e kua whakaaturia te kore o te taupori, te kore o te whakawhirinaki ki te kaha, me te ki te iwi i roto i te whānui.

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga nineties ia tuatahi whakahaere rangahau i roto i ariki, me te tahi atu mau melo o te piha haapiiraa pule. Ko te nuinga o ratou, ara te Kominiusi meatia kore e hapa ki kite te Union Soviet he superpower ano, engari tonu hau'a, whakapono i roto i te tahi mau huru o utopian ohaoha heke mai. muri i enei tirohanga hanga te pūtake mō te ako nui-tauine o te mahara whiriwhiri Russian, nei hoki nga tau maha tū Urnov Mark Yurevich. Karaipiture i runga i tenei kaupapa kua whakamaoritia ki pinepine o reo, me te pai whakaputaina i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru.

kawea pūtaiao tōrangapū nuinga rongonui ki te mahi i runga i te tātaritanga o te ora pāpori, me te tōrangapū o to matou whenua: "Ko te pūnaha rōpū i roto i Russia i 1989-1983 tau: te wheako o hoko" (1994), "Ko te piha haapiiraa waenganui i Russia: aromatawai ine, me te kounga" (2000), me te "Modern Russia: tamataraa me ngā whakautu "(2005).

Mahi i roto i te Tari Rangahau o Russian te peresideni

Ko te pūtaiao ko te kaituhi o maha rangahau oraraa totiare i runga i ngā āhuatanga ngā o mooni Russian. E kore te mahi o tona kapa kakahu ariā anake. Na, i te wa o te pakanga whakapeka o Yeltsin me nga ope ohaoha, tohu ia ki te tika maere nga ngā muri katoa, tae atu i te tīmatanga o te whawhai i roto i Chechnya.

Kau matapae i roto i tona mahi i o faufaa nui. I roto i te pōtitanga o 1996 pau ia rave rahi marama mahi huru rangahau o te taupori. Ahakoa iti te anaanatae tūturu i roto i te tūru te peresideni Yeltsin, tohu ia te wikitoria ki a ia. He ngenge o te huringa me te auahatanga iwi, me tenei take - te vai-hiahia - whakamatauria whakatakotoria. tenei katoa ki te tika o 2 ōrau taea imi Mark Urnov. Russia, i roto i tona whakaaro, kihai i ano rite hoki te tahi mea hou, a kua whakahaere i te mau mana'o tawhito ki te wahi i te peu. Ko te aha Zyuganov me ngaro noa, ki te 25% o ngā kaipōti te tīmatanga.

Ko te ako o ngā raruraru tangata

I tua atu ki te matakite, me te kaupapa here arotake, he ahua tūmatanui pai-mohiotia, i te rangahau ia nga āhuatanga o ngā kaiwhakahaere Russian i rite ki te kaiwhakahaere runga i Japan a Ingarangi. I hiahia i roto i te takotoranga uara ngā i upoko o ngā hanganga rerekē i roto i te whakahaere kāinga, me te ke ia.

Kua awhinatia whakatau e pā ana ki te taumata o te ahurea rangatōpū i roto i to tatou whenua te hanga i te mau parau tumu o te tauira angitu, kia i hanga i roto i te ahua o te rangatira o te Russian Federation. tū Mark Urnov he maha o ngä hui me hui i oti rawa ki tenei raruraru. mohio ratou kaitātari te whakarongo ki te huarahi o te mahi ki te whakarongo ūnga, puritia awheawhe ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga kaiārahi. taumata iti o nga cadres teitei, e whakaaro ia tetahi o nga take o te heke o te ora ōhanga o te kāwanatanga.

kia fakaivimālohi New ki te whanaketanga o te whiriwhiri kia hanga e te Kawanatanga o mahi ke te wahi i reira ko te āputa nui i waenganui i te akomanga hinengaro. Matou, i runga i te anga ke, te rerekētanga i waenganui i te pūkenga me te papa o raro tata oranga. huna mana Soviet te whiriwhiri katoa, a ka titau te hanganga o te hou te rota o te wā, me te kaha.

He titiro i te mooni Russian

Ahakoa i roto i nga tau 69 te pūtaiao tōrangapū Mark Urnov tonu te whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i kōrero o ngā raruraru. I roto i te pāpāho puta wā ana matapae mo te āhua o ngā take i roto i Russia, a kua toutou whai wāhi ia i roto i ngā tautohetohe teata. Ko te tirohanga e pai-mohiotia ahua pūāhua oppositional, a kua arotahi maha rangahau i runga i te ako o nga take o Russia o Putin, mahi a te peresideni me tātaritanga o nga pānga taea o te ara o te ora o nāianei.

I roto i te uiuiraa ki "peresideniraa Center B. N. Eltsina", whakaraupapahia e ia nga tikanga i raro i nei i te peresideni o nāianei taea kia hohoro ki te riro i te aroha o milioni o tangata. Meinga Urnov Mark kite i roto i te mentality o te iwi Russian, kihai nei i pai ki te tango i te pikaunga a te hopoi'a me whaiaro-hanga i te hapori hou, me te, rite tonu, kia hari hoatu tenei kaupapa ki te ringa o te rangatira kaha. Ko te kairangahau ka karanga i tenei āhuatanga i te fakaaoao syndrome. Ehara i tupu he whakatupuranga kotahi i roto i to tatou whenua i raro i te mana o te "ringa rino." A ki te hinga e kore e manuïa tonu tenei peu.

Mark Urnov tino e kore o motuhake o nga whakaaro o to tatou taupori ki āpitihanga whakarihariha ki te waipiro me te taero he kāore ki te arahi i te whenua ki te heke mai te anaanaraa. kia whakaoti i te raruraru te whakatipu tika o te whakatupuranga hou, e ka ora, ka mahi anake i raro i te mamae o te ringa kore.

kupu rongonui

Hoki te maha o nga tau i Urnov he tiamana o Fund Programs Analytical. Kei te tae te reira e pai-mohiotia pūtaiao tōrangapū Russian. E tū hui i roto i te hōputu o te tepu a tawhio wahi ki nga mema o te poari whakawhiti whakaaro, me te matapaki i te whanaketanga hou i roto i te whenua me te ao.

Ko tētahi o ana mahi rongonui - tona otr täkutatanga i runga i te pānga o te huru aronganui i roto i te tukanga tōrangapū i roto i te hapori. I roto i ngā uiuinga i runga i te reo irirangi me te TV Mark Urnov tuhia e i roto i Russia kore anake, engari ano i roto i te maha atu whenua huri noa te ao ki te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana o te whiriwhiri te piki te whakamahi i te pāpāho. kaipōti Potential ra haapurorohia te huinga etahi o whakaaro, whakaaro, e tautokona ana e pānga aronganui, pēnei i: he tikanga o te mea ïa, te whakaaro o te kotahitanga o nga iwi.

Hapa kite pūtaiao tōrangapū hapori Russian i roto i te peu, ki te whakarongo ki, me te kore ki te mahi. Kua reira kua riro he puka maheni o te māngai o te Te Hau-ā-uru i roto i te puka o te kararehe e hiahia ana ki te takanga mai Russia, e kore e taea e arahi ki tetahi ara hua i roto o te āhuatanga ōhanga me te ahurea uaua o te whenua.

ora whaiaro

he whai hoa Mark Urnov me kotahi te tamahine kua. Ahakoa te mahi maere, kua kite i pūtaiao tōrangapū he wahi mo tōtu'a. Na, kei te whai wāhi ia i roto i te eke pahikara, mau tonu te āhua hauora, ara tupiki hotoke ki te poka.

Urnov Mark Ko te kaikōrero auau i hui i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao. He maha ngā tohu me mōhio mo o ratou mahi pūtaiao Doctor o Sciences Tōrangapū. Tona wheako nui i roto i ngā o te matakite tōrangapū, e kore e kaitätari oraraa totiare mutu ia ki te tuku ki te whakatupuranga o muri. I tua atu ki te whakaako, nga tau Urnov ki ona hoa whakaraupapa hui me awheawhe mō te iwi taitamariki. Ko te reira i roto i te mātauranga o te mātauranga me te noa-anga kite ia i tona karangatanga, me tumanako Russia mo te heke mai te anaanaraa.