Radiation: horopeta whakamate hoki te tangata

Kei te ionizing te radiation radiation matūriki mōkitokito me mara tinana. Hoki radiation putanga e kore e ngā hihi katinga me ngā marama kitea. Ko te kaha ki te ionize te taonga e kore e whai i te ngaru counter irirangi me ngaruiti, e kore te reira radiation. e kore e hanga horopeta whakamate hoki te tangata āwenewene i ngā tukanga matū, e pā ana radiation ki te mahi ā-tinana.

Ko te mana me te horopeta

Power o radiation ko te nui o te ionization mo te tetahi wā o te wā. Hoki kōwae mana i reira - moroiti-Roentgen ia haora.

whanganga te horopeta hua e te horopeta katoa, i whakaritea e te mana o te radiation whakanuia e te roanga o te microparticles kupu tātai horopeta whakamate o te radiation mo te tangata, e tika ana ki te mate. Ki te whanganga i te horopeta ōrite sievert whakamahia (SV), ki te tātai takoto te mana kei te ia haora sievert (SV / h).

Hei tātai i te horopeta ōrite i te rongo ki te tango i te hihi o ngā momo rerekē ki pūkete te kaha o te radiation e hiahiatia ana ki te sievert. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakatau i te katoa horopeta o mahi kama-ray taurite ki te 100 roentgens 1 SV. pota iti o iti iho i te 1 SV tātai ki te whakaaro ki:

• 1 mSv (mSv) rite ki 1/1000 sievert;
• 1 SV (mikrozivert) rite ki 1/1000 milliziverts te milioniraa sievert ranei.

He pūrere mō te ine radiation

pūrere noa Paerewa mō te whakatau i te auau horopeta mana ranei whakahaua ki te pūrere me ki te operator pūrere, he dosimeter. whakahaere Dosimetry te i roto i te wa o te rongo ki te radiation, mo te tauira, neke, te mahi o ngā mahi faaora ranei.

He horopeta whakamate o te radiation ki te tangata X-hihi, tei runga i te kaha radiation i te wāhi o te kaimahi, ki te he neke atu i te 600 wae te auau katoa, ka taua irradiation ora whakawehi. Te uiui taonga kawea, tūemi, ine te papamuri o whare me ngā whare. tangata takitaha toro wahi ki te ati o te contamination iraruke, riro te dosimeter i roto i te whakamahi whaiaro tonu.

Haere ki nga whenua tauhou, pērā i nga maunga, ngā roto, haere i runga i te hahaereraa ranei kohia hua me harore, tangohia te pūrere ki te rūri i te rohe i mua i te kimi roa. Kei te whakaritea te reira e te kaha o te rohe radiation i mua i te hanga o te hoko o te whenua ranei. E kore te te radiation papamuri iti me kore e nekehia i te taiepa o whare me ngā, na te ati o mua-kitea te whakamahi i te dosimeter.

Ko te ariā o te ira

Kei roto i ētahi karihi iu ngota taea o te whakawhanake te fatifati i ranei. whai wāhi ana tēnei tukanga ki te tuku o katote free. He he he paheke iraruke, pūngao-kaha, ahei o mahi i runga i te rauemi e karapoti ana, ka whakapataritari i te putanga o katote hou o te tiaki kino, me te pai. He horopeta whakamate o te radiation i rad puta ka irradiated te tangata 600 rad, 100 rad ai te (kōwae atu-pūnaha) = 100 roentgens.

Ko te take o te contamination iraruke

Ko te pānga o ngā āhuatanga me tūkunga meinga radiation papamuri teitei:

• mate o matū iratuki i te āhua o te kapua karihi i roto i te pahūtanga;
• ka piri te radiation, hua hanga he momo kanoirite iraruke i te mahi inamata o hihi kama me ngā iramoe, te tukua i roto i pakū karihi;
• te mana o te radiation waho o te gamma me peta hihi;
• whakaaturia horopeta whakamate o te radiation te i te irradiation ā-i muri i te rongo o kanoirite iratuki roto te tinana tangata i te rangi ranei, ki te kai;
• whakapataritari parahanga iraruke te i roto i te rangimarie fakatamaki tangata-i hanga i ngā wāhi karihi, transportation pokanoa me te tikanga o te ururua karihi.

ahua o te radiation

Dangerous ki te tangata ko microparticles radiation, hua i roto i te mate o te tinana, me te mate. Ko te rahi o te pānga tei runga i te momo o hihi, roanga, me te auau:

• taimaha alpha-matūriki, karihi pai whakatupato i muri i mimiti (ngā te muri thoron, konukurahina-60, konukarihi, Radon);
• matūriki peta He irahiko tikanga strontium-90, pāhare pāporo-40, caesium-137;
• hihi kama fakafofonga'i e matūriki, me te kaha nui ongó (caesium-137, konukurahina-60);
• pakeke X-hihi, kama-rite-matūriki, engari iti hihiri, whakarato Konumerika-241, ko te puna tamau o takanga o te ra;
• Iramoe Ko te hua o te tiango o nga otaota te konuwhiro, kitea ratou haaputuraa i roto i te taiao o reactors karihi.

momo pota

Ōrite horopeta whai hua whakaritea ko te faaotiraa o pota radiation i runga i te tinana kia rite ki te putanga o te nui etahi o matū kino. e tenei ahua ki pūkete te tūtohutanga o nga whekau, me te wa noho o te taonga iraruke i roto i te tinana (i ētahi wā te roaraa). I roto i ētahi wā, whanganga te horopeta whakamate o te radiation i roto i te X-hihi te hoki tetahi o te tinana tīpakohia.

Ambidentate horopeta rite whakaritea e te uara e taea te tiki i te tangata, ki te reira i roto i te rohe i reira mahi dosimetry te, whanganga te tohu i roto i sievert.

Ko te pānga o te contamination iraruke i runga i te tinana tangata

Tetahi radiation, ārahi ki te hanganga i roto i te taiao o matūriki hiko ki rerekē tohu, ionizing whakaaro. Ko te papamuri radiation marara tonu tahi tangata, hanga reira radiation rangi, te pānga o te ra, nga puna tūturu o radionuclides me ētahi atu wāhanga o te ao koiora.

Hei te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ki te te tiaki i ngā kaimahi ki te kākahu motuhake, ū ki ngā paerewa haumaru. Irradiation o te tinana riro i roto i te wāhi mahi i nga ngā tinana me te matū, e mau ana i roto i tirohanga, rangahau hauora, rangahau arowhenua me ētahi atu.

Irakētanga o te rongo

He horopeta whakamate o radiation ki te tangata i roto i ngā wae rad ko runga 600 me arata'i ki te mate. Irradiation i te horopeta o 400 ki te 600 rad whakatairanga takanga o radiation mate, a taea meinga irakētanga o ira. Mahi huringa ionized o te tinana ako iti, faaite mai irakētanga ratou i roto i nga whakatupuranga. horapa wā homai te tika ki te ruarua, i reira ko tetahi irakētanga o mana ira tukituki tika ki ētahi atu take ranei.

Irakētanga i roto i te ahua kua wehea ki tino, puta i roto i te wā poto i muri i te mahi puaretanga me ngoikore. Ko te ahua tuarua o pānui iho, ki te whai tetahi ira mutated whaea me te tamaiti. E kore e te irakētanga ara ake mo te maha o nga whakatupuranga, tangata hoha'a kore i te katoa ranei. He uaua ki te kia whakaritea i roto i te take o te whanautanga halá, ki te kore e tukua te irakētanga te kukune ki te tae te tau iwi tupu o te kukune.

mate radiation. leukosis

I roto i te waihanga o te tātaritanga o te radiation mate te nui pāngia e te radiation. He whakamate horopeta o radiation arata'i ki te mate, engari kahore taumata te rongo iti mōrearea o i 200 ki te 600 p, meinga radiation mate. pānga radiation te tangata i muri i te pānga kaha kotahi ranei i te kătahi tamau o te radiation mana iti. He tauira ko te mahi o radiologists kore te tu te rongo tamau, me te kino ki te mate angamaheni.

Ko te tino mōrearea ko te pānga o te radiation i runga i te tinana pakarukaru o runga ki te 15 tau. Mō te rahi o te horopeta o kahore whakaaro, nga kairangahau hoatu rerekē horopeta kātakí o 50, 100, me 200 p. ako te pathogenesis te i roto i te whare rangahau, radiation kanisā atu wātea ki te maimoatanga.

mate Oncological

Ko te ako o te pānga o te radiation i runga i te tangata uaua e te meka e mo te putanga o ngā raraunga te whakatakiruatanga o ako rōpū nui o te iwi, i te mea e taea, kahore whakamātau motuhake. He aha te horopeta whakamate o te radiation he whakamate, a he aha taumata o te mate pukupuku meinga pukupuku tangata e kore e taea te whakawakia e ngā kararehe.

I roto i ngā o te tohatoha o te horopeta kino meinga pukupuku matepukupuku, i reira he kahore raraunga motuhake. Tetahi horopeta o te radiation riro e te tinana homai ara ki te timata wehewehenga pūtau kaitaua. I roto i te mau faaiteraa auau o te mate Whakaröpütia e whai ake:

• Ko te faaiteraa tino noa o te kanisā;
• 1000 wahine no ki te rōpū mōrearea, mate pukupuku uma 10 tūroro kino;
• te taua tatauranga o te mate pukupuku thyroid.

Radiation tohu mate pakeke

Ko te tohu o te radiation mate ko te ānini tamau, kaupapa waimaero, ngā tohu o te ruruku, whakapairuaki, ruaki, whanoke, puku me disorders intestinal. He aha te mea he whakamate te horopeta o radiation ki te tangata:

• whakakitea tohu tuatahi i muri i te wā moe o rua wiki, meinga te mate e irradiation o 100 ki te 200 roentgens;
• mo te whakakitenga o te rua o nga tohu i muri i te horopeta irradiation o 200 ki te 400 X-hihi, puta mate i roto i te wha o nga wahi whai wāhi;
• toru o radiation mate atamira - he tahuti i roto i te 50% o ngā take, mo te takanga o nui horopeta radiation o 400 ki te 600 roentgens;
• tuawha, te wā tino kino, ano ai radiation. horopeta whakamate o 600 roentgens, puta mate i roto i te 100% o te wā.

Methods mō te tiaki whaiaro i roto i te hui o ngā wāhi contamination iraruke

Ko te mahi paerewa mō te taupori i roto i te rohe, ki te te radiation. He mōrearea ki te ora He horopeta whakamate o radiation, na ki te whakaiti i mate whakaritea hōneatanga o iwi i roto i nga whare, i e wehea i runga i te tohu o te tiaki mō wharau whakapaipai poma, basements, whare rakau, me te waka. He pai ki te tiaki i te hanganga o te momo tuatahi, kua tukinotia nga ētahi atu rite whawhati tata whakaruru rangitahi.

mehua whai hua ngā tiaki romahā, te wai me te kai. faufaa Shelter hanga i roto i te mua, ki te reira ko te ati o te pahūtanga tuku ranei. Whakamahia anti-radiation rongoā kore te whakamahia ki te tuku te waiu hou.

Kua Hua auau sanitization me disinfection o ngā wāhi, i nga iwi faingamālie whakatahia waho te rohe pangia. Tuhinga o te rongo ā-na roto i te whakakore hopu puehu ngā respirators, whai hua i roto i te 80% o te wā. Ko te ahua iti homai whāriki tipare o wha paparanga, engari te whakamahi i katoa te tikanga i te tiaki ringa. Ka rite ki Ingarangi whakamahia atiati rainwear, i roto i te wā tino, te kiriata polyethylene.

I roto i te mutunga kia whakahuatia ai e kore e te wāhi radiation whakaiti contamination, te whakaiti mōrea o te mate tangata kei te whakamahi i te tikanga takitahi o te tiaki me te whakahaere i te horopeta radiation riro i te tikanga o dosimeters.