Horopeta radiation whakaaetia mō te tangata

pānga tauwehe i runga i kaiao ora, e kore nei e mohio ki a ratou - radiation. hapa Ahakoa iwi receptors motuhake, e kua ite te aroaro o te papamuri radiation. Tohunga Kua āta ako te pānga o te radiation i runga i te hauora me te ora te tangata. Kua hanga ratou me nga whakaaro e e taea te whakaritea mahi. tohu i te taumata radiation horopeta o radiation, i raro i te mana o e ko te tangata i roto i te akoranga o te tau.

I roto i te aha mehua radiation?

Ko te Tukutuku Ao Whānui, ka taea e kitea e koe i te rota o te tuhinga i runga i te radiation iraruke. Tata ki te katoa pūtake i reira ko nga moni o tikanga radiation me nunu'a o ratou i te taikaha. Hei mahino nga wae kerekere e taea kore i kotahi. Ko te nui o te kōrero e faaite te pota ngofua mōrahi ki te iwi whānui, ka taea e ngāwari whakapoauau me te tangata mōhio. A feruri i te ariā o te tauine iti me te ake maramarama.

I roto i te mea whanganga i te tukunga radiation? Ko te rārangi o ngā taurangi, ko te tino faahiahia: Curie, rad, Kerei, tēnei wā, REM - ko reira anake te āhuatanga matua o te horopeta radiation. Aha na maha? E whakamahia ratou mo etahi mara o rongoā me te tiaki i te taiao. Per wae radiation te rongo ki te taonga mau whenumi horopeta - 1 Gray (GY) o 1 J / kg.

I raro i te mana o te radiation i runga i kaiao ora e korero e pā ana ki te horopeta ōrite. Ko reira rite ki te horopeta whenumi i roto i te kopa tinana, e hāngai ana i runga i te puranga kōwae, whakanuia e te ōwehenga o te kino. tohaina te taimau te ki ia okana he ona ake. Ko te hua whiwhi e rorohiko i te maha o te kōwae me te hou - sievert (SV).

I runga i te pūtake o kua riro raraunga i runga i te pānga i runga i te radiation riro i te kiko okana whakaritea e te horopeta ōrite whai hua. tatau ana tēnei tawhā e whakanuia te tau o mua i roto i te sievert e te whakarea e tango ki pūkete te tūtohutanga rerekē o te kopa ki te radiation. hoatu Ko tōna uara te ki te arotake i te urupare koiora o te nui kaiao o pūngao whenumi.

He aha te mea te horopeta tīkina o radiation me ka whiwhi ratou ki reira?

Kua whakawhanakehia tohunga haumaru radiation i runga i te pūtake o ngā raraunga i runga i te pānga o te radiation i runga i te hauora tangata uara tīkina mōrahi o te pūngao e taea te riro e te tinana, kahore te kino. horopeta tīkina mōrahi (PDD) he hoki irradiation kotahi roa ranei. I roto i tenei take, paerewa haumaru radiation tango ki pūkete nga āhuatanga o tangata kitea ki te mahi o te papamuri radiation.

Wehewehe i te kāwai e whai ake nei:

• A - Persons mahi ki ionizing puna radiation. I roto i te akoranga o te raveraa i ta ratou mau ohipa mahi e whai wāhi ki te radiation.
• wāhi taupori tautuhia, kaimahi nei mau ohipa e kore e pā ana ki te radiation rihīti - B.
• I roto i - te taupori o te whenua.

I roto i te kaimahi e taiea rua ngā rōpū: kaimahi o te rohe te mana (horopeta radiation nui atu i 0.3 o te SDA ā-tau), me te ko te kaimahi i te rohe taua (0.3 o te SDA kore e nui). I roto pota e 4 ngā momo o whekau tino, i.e. aua kopa e kitea te maha rawa i roto i te hononga ki te radiation ionized nei whakangaromanga. Whakaaro i te kāwai whakarārangitia o tangata i roto i te taupori me kaimahi, me te te whekau tino, haumaru radiation whakatakoto ana te SDA.

Hoki te wā tuatahi rohe rongo i whakaurua i roto i te tau 1928. Ko te nui o te ā-tau radiation absorption papamuri o 600 mSv (mSv). I whakapumautia te reira no te ngaio hauora - radiologists. Ko te ako o ionizing pānga radiation i runga i te roa me te kounga o te ora ture inäianei. Kua i roto i tau 1956 i heke te Unuhia ki te 50 mSv, a i roto i 1996 heke reira ki te 20 mSv International Komihana i runga i Radiation Protection. E tano ia tapao e kore e tangohia te whakatūnga o ngā ture waka ki pūkete te absorption tūturu o te pūngao ionized.

radiation tūturu

Ki te karo koe i nga āhuatanga iraruke me ko tonu te hopoia taea ratou radiation, e kore te papamuri tūturu ka mawhiti. te rongo Natural i roto i ia o nga rohe e tohu takitahi. Ko reira tonu i runga i te tau e kore e ngaro, engari anake te piki.

te taumata tūturu o te radiation tei runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga:

• teitei i runga te taumata moana o te tohu (te raro, te iti te papamuri, me hurihia);
• oneone kakano, te wai me te kamaka;
• take horihori (production, ngā tipu te mana karihi).

Ka whiwhi te tangata radiation i roto i te kai, te oneone marama, te ra, i roto i te whakamātautau hauora. puna atu o te rongo e hokohoko tipu, otaota mana karihi, pae whakamātautau me airfields launchers.

Tohunga whakapono te puaretanga tino pai, e kore nei e nui 0.2 mSv ia haora. Na te rohe o runga o tikanga radiation tohua i roto i te 0.5 microsieverts ia haora. I muri i te tahi mau wa o tonu te rongo matū ionized whakaaetia horopeta radiation ki te tangata nui haere ki te 10 mSv / h.

E ai ki ngā tākuta, tona ora katoa he tangata e taea riro hihinga i te tere o kore ake atu i te 100-700 mSv. I roto i te meka, iwi e noho ana i roto i ngā wāhi maunga, E whai wāhi ana ki te radiation i roto i te maha tauine nui. absorption Toharite o te mahi pūngao ionized i roto i te tau, ko te pā ana ki 2-3 mSv.

Tofu pehea radiation pānga pūtau?

He maha o pūhui matū whai taonga radiation. He he kaha ngota whakangotangota, e arata'i ki te tuku o nui o te pūngao. Ko te ahei tenei ope o mooni wahia irahiko i ngā ngota taonga pūtau. huaina te tukanga iho te ionization. Ngota, kua oti nei te tukanga taua, taui ona āhuatanga, e arata'i ki te huringa i roto i te hanganga katoa o te mea. Kua puta ke hoki te ngota o te rāpoi ngota, mo ngā rāpoi ngota o te āhuatanga whānui o te kiko ora. Ki te whakanui ake i te taumata te rongo nui haere te me te maha o ngā pūtau whakarerekētia, hua i roto i te huringa ao. I roto i tenei hononga, a i tātai horopeta radiation tīkina ki te tangata. Ko te meka e taui i roto i ngā pūtau ora me pā te rāpoi ngota pītauira. Ko kaha Kia whakahokia te kopa, me te tae noa te kaha ki "whakatika" te DNA pakaru te pūnaha ārai mate. Otiia i roto i te wā o te te rongo nui ranei takahi Kei te whanake parepare o te tinana te mate.

Whakatika ki te whakaaro i te tūponotanga o te mate e puta ana i te taumata pūtau, i roto i te absorption noa o te radiation pakeke. Ki te nui ake te horopeta whai hua (e pā ana ki te 20 mSv ia tau mō ngā kaimahi ahumahi) te whika tūtohutia i roto i te rau o te mau tau, te nui heke hauora whānui. Kua hemo te pūnaha ārai mate, e faatupu te whanaketanga o ngā mate.

pota nui o radiation, e taea te whiwhi rite ki te hua o aituā i tipu te mana karihi poma ngota ranei e kore e hototahi ki te ora, i nga wa katoa. Kikokiko i raro i te mana o ngā pūtau rereke mate i roto i ngā tau nui, me te noa e kore e whai wa ki te ora, e faatupu te takahi o ngā mahi faufaa. Ki te mau tonu wahi o te kikokiko e, na ka whai i te whai wāhi ki te ora i te tangata.

Tohu pota radiation whakaaetia

E ai ki te radiation whakaturia paerewa haumaru te rahinga tīkina mōrahi o ionizing radiation ia tau. A feruri i ngā tau hoatu i roto i te tepu.

I taea te kite i te tepu, ko te tino rerekē i te tau i takea mo nga rohe parukore-tiaki tūmatanui te horopeta whakaaetia ia tau mō ngā kaimahi o ahumahi mōrearea me ngā tipu te mana karihi. Ko te mea, ko te e ki absorption auroa o te ionizing radiation tukua te tinana ki te akakoromaki i te ora wā o te pūtau, kahore kino ki te hauora.

pota Single o te rongo tangata

He hua nui i roto i te papamuri radiation arata'i ki te kino atu nui ki te kopa, a reira timata ki te arā noa te kore tinana ranei. Ko te āhua arohaehae puta noa, no te fariiraa i te nui nui o ionizing pūngao. He taikaha iti o te pota tūtohutia taea arahi ki mate e taea te ora.

Kotahi-te wā taenga o te nui o te radiation paa kino te huru o te tinana: kua tere te pūtau whakangaromia, kia kahore wa ora. Ko te nui o te rongo, te atu ko reira o te pāpaka.

Ko te whanaketanga o te radiation mate: Take

i huaina radiation mate ko te huru whānui o te tinana, meinga e te mana o te radiation i te taikaha o te SDA. E kitea e ngā pūnaha katoa pāpaka. E ai ki ngā tauākī i te Komihana International i Radiological Protection, te horopeta irradiation, meinga radiation mate, timata ki te mahi o 500 mSv i te wa neke atu i te 150 mSv ia tau ranei.

pānga ino o te kaha nui (500 mSv atu kotahi-wā) whakatika i te whakamahi o patu karihi, ratou whakamātautau o fakatamaki tangata-hanga, he tino maimoatanga irradiation i te maimoatanga o te mate pukupuku, mate rūmātiki me mate o te toto.

Ko te whanaketanga o te ma'i radiation mate i raro ki ngaio hauora e te hunga i roto i te tari o te radiation therapy me tātaritanga, me te tūroro e maha nei i raro ki te X-ray me rangahau radionuclide.

mate radiation Classification, i runga i radiation horopeta kei

Mau huru no te mate i runga i te pūtake o te ahua o ionizing radiation horopeta i te manawanui riro me pehea te roa ka haere i te reira. arata'i puaretanga Takitahi ki te huru whakapeka, a tonu toutou, engari iti nui - he tukanga ma'i.

A feruri i te puka taketake o radiation mate, rite ki te riro i te puaretanga kotahi:

• radiation whara (iti iho i te 1 SV) - huringa reversible puta;
• puka wheua wheua (1 ki te 6 SV) - E wha nga nekehanga, i runga i te horopeta riro rānei. Te tahuti nei i roto i te taua tātaritanga he neke atu i te 50%. pūtau Pāngia i roto i te hinu wheua wheua. Te huru e te whakapai ake transplantation. wā whakaora roa;
• gastrointestinal (10-20 SV) te āhuatanga e huru nui, sepsis, toto gastrointestinal;
• Cardiovascular (20-80 SV) - kitea raruraru hemodynamic me haurangi kino;
• kaka (80 SV) - mate i roto i 1-3 ra e tika ana ki te edema kaka.

Chance o te ora, me te whakanohonoho o tūroro ki wheua wheua i te puka (hawhe te wa). e kore e taea te tukinotia tikanga atu nui. puta te mate i roto i te torutoru nga ra wiki ranei.

Hoki te mate radiation whakapeka

I muri riro horopeta tiketike o radiation me te horopeta radiation tae 1-6 SV whakawhanake mate radiation whakapeka. Doctors wehe te kāwanatanga, e whai tahi i te tahi ki 4 wāhanga:

1. te tauhohenga te Paraimere. Puta te reira i roto i te haora tuatahi i muri i irradiation. āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te ngoikore, te pēhanga toto iti, whakapairuaki, me te ruaki. Irradiation atu i 10 SV puta tonu ki te wāhanga tuatoru.
2. Ko te wā moe. I muri 3-4 ra i muri i te rongo, me te ake ki whakapai ake huru kotahi marama o.
3. tohu whakawhānui. Tahi e te hopuhopu, anemic, intestinal, hemorrhagic syndrome. Ko urupa tona huru.
4. Whakaora.

tukinotia huru whakapeka te i runga i te āhua o te pikitia haumanu rānei. I roto i te take whānui whakaritea detoxification therapy i whakahaere o āpiha e haamou i matū iraruke. Ki te tika, i mahi huhu toto, wheua wheua transplantation.

Tūroro e whakahaere ki te ora i te wiki tuatahi 12 o te akoranga o te mate radiation whakapeka, te tikanga i te waitohunga pai. Otiia ara i roto i te faaho'iraa mai oti o taua iwi faarahi te mōrea o te mate pukupuku, me te te whanautanga o uri ki abnormalities ira.

mate radiation ma'i

Ki te rongo tonu ki te radiation i pota raro, engari rawa he katoa o 150 mSv ia tau (e kore e tae atu i te papamuri tūturu), tīmata te ahua ma'i o te radiation mate. Ko tōna whanaketanga haere i roto i ngā wāhanga e toru: hanganga, whakaora putanga.

Ko te waahi tuatahi e mahi ana mo etahi tau (ki te 3). Ko te kaha o te ahua ka taea te whakatau mai i te ngawari ki te kino. Mena kei te wehe te manawanui i te wahi e whiwhihia ai te rauropi radioactive, ka puta te wa whakaora i roto i nga tau e toru. I muri i tenei, ka oti te whakaora, i te mea ke, ka taea te haere tonu o te mate me te hua o te mate kino.

Ka taea e te rauropi ioni te whakangaro i nga ruma i roto i te wa poto me te mono i te reira. Koinei te take o te whakatutukitanga ki nga toenga rauropi he tohu nui mo te mahi i roto i nga mahi haumaru, me te oranga e tata ana ki nga tipu kaha me nga pae whakamatautau.