Rai - e ... Crops

Ko te iho o te tunu pāreti rai hutia te i roto i te rire mua. Rai - Ko he totokore onamata, eke ki Russia i China Mongolia ranei. Oro te tipu witi he witi.

Ko te wāhi tukatuka matua

I tēnei wā, i reira he ake ki te 500 ngā momo o te rai. ngā wāhi poro ngā nohoia e noho o te āhuarangi maroke, me te āhua-maroke. Mai i Ahia (Haina, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) pūkete hoki i runga i 55% o te rai ao production. I whenua African (Nigeria, Etiopia, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda, Senegal) - ki runga ki te 25%. Kei te tupu te mua Soviet Union nuinga rai te i roto i te rohe steppe o Ukraine a Kazakhstan rite purapura kai, me i te Republic o Peraruhia - rite te kai.

He rai i roto i Russia

I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation i reira e 8 momo o te tipu, ka ngakia anake 2 o ratou: rai noa - Panicum muliaceum L. (witi) me capitate - Setaria italica L (papatipu matomato mō te whāngai kararehe).

Tei runga i te rai noa inflorescences ako kua 5 momo: porotītaha ko Komov (peu rite te thermophilic me tauraki), me te horahanga branchy (iti thermophilic, e taea e tupu noa i roto i Nechernozemie) me kōpeke (ngohe).

Setar (Italian, Borovoye rai) e ngakia i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. E 2 momo - rai me te aitua.

Ko te hua matua o te rai mau hāngai i roto i Western Siberia, Bashkiria, i roto i te Central Black Earth, nga whenua mōmona o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus. Area whakatokia wawe höu momo o te rai, e tonu te piki haere i roto i te Non-Black whenua me Eastern Siberia.

āhuatanga koiora

Rai - Ko he ā-tau, whaiaro pollinating-, photophilous whakato. Otaota he poto - i rua ki te wha nga marama. A, no te whakatō i roto i whanui homai e whitu tuwhera kakau, te nuinga o tillering - 2-3 te kakau.

Ko te kai matua (rai, witi, he parei, ōti) whai rau whaiti i runga i te kakau atu rai. Inflorescence - panicle o momo rerekē i horahanga ki te puranga.

Ka taea e te pakiaka ô te hohonu hawhe-mita, engari te papatipu kai matua kei roto i te apa o runga ki te 40 henimita.

Tupu i muri i germination he puhoi (2-3 wiki), mo tenei take, te tipu e whakakeke kino tarutaru tipu. Rai - he tipu, tono hoki ki te ake makuku i roto i te apa oneone o runga: te atu makuku, nga pakiaka te puutahitanga whakawhanake tere. I raro i ngā āhuatanga kino e puta tira o te patu me te pakiaka naianei. Tei te kaha i runga i te makuku tillering kararehe matūkai wātea, taea wa rui (Mei 15), te hohonu uri tika (5 cm) iti taru.

engineering ahuwhenua

Millet Ko te belay pai i te tipu, no te kahore i whakarau kai atu (e rua te hotoke me te puna) mate ranei. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te wā whakatō te mutunga - i waenganui-Mei ki Pipiri. Seeds timata ki te whakarau tahi anake i pāmahana tika tiketike - 14 nekehanga, kua whakaaro reira te pāmahana pai o 18 nekehanga.

Rai - Kei te tono ki te hanganga oneone o te tipu: te loto teitei kitea i runga i te chernozem me hanganga pereni oneone (ki runga, ki te 50 taranata heketea). Cultivated whenua ki tauhohenga kūpapa me te paku kawakore ka makuku he stably taea rawaka headroom te hoatu e loto tiketike.

Nā ki te meka e arata'i te weediness ki raro e loto, he reira tika āta ki te faaineine i te whenua mō te whakatō: snegouderzhanie, fifi wawe (kua ka whakarau nga taru tuatahi) tae noa ki toru mahinga karapīpiti i otaota tiketike.

Hoki e loto ōrite titau puna fertilizing - konupūmā, ūkuikui, hauota. Tenei e kore e hiahia ana, ki te nga aritarita o rīwai rai beets ranei: fertility oneone e noho tiketike. hua pai o loto rai, i muri i hua te hotoke. I roto i te monoculture mate no te mea o te mate hinga fungal.

Ko te pests matua o te tipu - thrips, naonao taro, kihikihi, aukati borer.

Loto o te rai he rawakore i roto i Russia: i 8 ki te 12 taranata ia heketea, i roto i te wā Soviet i roto i katatānga rongonui katoa i runga i riro te whenua Chaganak Bercy kotinga tata 156 manokaramu ia heketea i roto i 1941, a i roto i te 1943 - 201.

hiranga Food

Ko te taimaha o te rai ki whangai haere te whakamatautau o te wa: rai i roto i Russia he rua ki te Kariki anake.

Ki te parei tukatuka witi te. whakawātea rai anake i runga i puawai anga taratara i huaina Dranets. I muri huri rai whiwhi. Mongamonga - byproduct i roto i huri. Na tawerewere huatau - te hua o te maimoatanga waiariki, me te pūkaha o te witi.

Whakatauranga rai tika kai (ki runga, ki te 13% pūmua, e pā ana ki 81% māngaro, 3.8% ngako), hā whārite (te ahu āhuatanga me tai kohuke) āhuatanga rongoa (ihirangi huaora rōpū B nui atu taua o te tahi atu purapura), ka noho razvarivaemosti digestibility tiketike.

Mana o pata witi i runga i te tae kounga

Na roto i te he rai kaha tae witi e wehea ki e toru ngā momo: te momo tuatahi - tae ma, me te kirīmi, te tuarua o nga - whero rai (atarangi katoa tenei awhe ki parauri pouri), te tuatoru - ki te tae kōwhai. Ngā momo o te rai ngakia RF Orlowski me papaka Vsepodolyanskoe-59 i tautapatia ki te momo tuatahi; Paerewa Gorlinka, Barnaul-80 Orenburgskoe-9-6 Saratov, Saratov-3, Omsk-10 Lipetskoe - tuarua ko Kinelskoye-92 Belgorodskoye-1, 8-Kharkov me Kharkov-57 - ki te tuatoru.

Tei witi tae i runga i te aroaro ngaro ranei o anthocyanins (colorants). Ko te matua (rai) he tae kanapa (matotoru kōwhai) tae, ngā witi tino aua i runga rite kounga kiritaki me te utu.

uara forage

Rai - Ko ha konga mahu'inga o te kai i roto i te mara kararehe me te ahuwhenua heihei.

whakamahia witi nunui o te rai te rite kai mo te manu: heihei nui haere hua production, te whakanui ake i te kaha o te anga, me te heihei pāreti rai me te witi - te mana e tika ana. paraoa rai i roto i te ranunga ki tāpiritanga kai poaka momona me kuihi. Ururua i te hanga o te witi whakamahia mo te faaineineraa kai kararehe o, me kai kararehe rite takiwa.

Ko noa atu to rite te roughage atu te kakau witi o te tahi atu pata kakau rai, rite i muri i matomato, me te ki te rota o rau kotinga tonu.

rai hou (matomato) - he kai pai mō kararehe me te hipi, wahi kai na te tino maha whakatokia reira.

hanga tetahi uri manu mohoao i runga i te pūtake o te rai. Maoro, i reira ko te mahi o te akina rai i runga i te greens i roto i iti rahinga (ipu, whariki pukapuka) mo e rua whakapaipai me te hoki te heihei.

utu Hanganga mō te rai i roto i Russia

Nā ki te rokiroki whakapaipai tiketike e pā ana ki te āhuatanga koiora e rua (witi rawa pai, titau ventilation ranei tautauā), me te ti'aturiraa i runga i te rangi, he maha whakaekea hoki hoko kai rai. Ko te utu o te witi tukua tei runga i te kounga: te ofi ange ki nga whakaritenga o te paerewa, pera he reira runga ake. Ngā whakaritenga supply mo te tukatuka o pata uaua nui me kore kamupene ahuwhenua katoa (ara nui) e taea te whakarato hoki a ratou. Kaweake o rai i roto i te ngä ahuwhenua motu whakauaua mai. Ko te kawemai matua he i Turkey me Mongolia - whenua te whakaputa-kounga tiketike rai.